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单词 panoply
释义

panoplyn.

Brit. /ˈpanəpli/, U.S. /ˈpænəpli/
Forms: 1500s–1600s panoplie, 1600s– panoply.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin panoplia; Greek πανοπλία.
Etymology: < (i) post-classical Latin panoplia (a1536 in Erasmus, in figurative use) and its etymon (ii) ancient Greek πανοπλία a complete suit of armour, the full armour of the hoplite (in Hellenistic Greek also in figurative use in the New Testament: see sense 1) < πάνοπλος in full armour ( < παν- pan- comb. form + ὅπλα (plural) arms: see hoplo- comb. form) + -ία -y suffix3. Compare French panoplie (1551; 1743 in figurative use). Compare panoplia n.
1. A spiritual or psychological protection or defence; an attitude, etc., affording such protection.Frequently with allusion to Ephesians 6:11, 13 (after Hellenistic Greek την πανοπλίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ the whole armour of God).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > means of concealment > [noun]
shadowc1200
blindfolding?c1225
coverturec1374
hiding1382
veilc1384
palliation?c1425
covert1574
panoply1576
hoodwink1577
mask1597
cover1600
screena1616
pretexture1618
purdah1621
subterfuge1621
tecture1624
coverlet1628
domino1836
face shield1842
concealment1847
protective colouring1873
camouflage1885
protective coloration1892
smokescreen1926
cover-up1927
scrim1942
marzipan1945
society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > [noun] > strength
armature1542
panoply1576
1576 A. Fleming (title) A panoplie of epistles, or, a looking glasse for the vnlearned.
1613 W. Leighton Teares or Lament. xxxix. 83 Make strong my faith, & hope lord giue me,..Be my defence and panoplie, and guide me safe to thy election.
1650 S. Clarke Marrow Eccl. Hist. (1654) i. 4 Patience is the Panoply or whole Armour of the man of God.
1662 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 3rd Pt. 1 These words present us with another Piece in the Christians Panoply.
a1745 T. Warton Poems Several Occasions (1748) 113 What triple Panoply, my Friend, From Beauty's Darts can Souls defend?
1759 W. Mason Caractacus 62 Virtue arms our soul, and 'gainst that panoply What 'vails the rage of robbers?
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 345 Armed himself in panoply complete Of heavenly temper.
1854 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) II. xxv. 464 Napoleon was armed with the panoply of popular rights.
1884 Ld. Tennyson Becket v. ii. 195 Mail'd in the perfect panoply of faith.
a1923 H. Trench Poems (1924) II. 148 I sleep. The panoply of sense, The buffetings, the din,..the battle dense,..Cease.
1990 Ess. in Crit. 40 348 A ‘virtuous indignation’ hammered out through teaching and publication into a panoply affords a good degree of protection.
2.
a. Full armour; a complete suit of armour. Frequently with connotations of brightness and splendour. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > [noun] > suit of armour
armoura1425
furniture1569
suit?1586
panopliaa1612
panoplya1637
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > [noun] > suit of armour > bright or splendid
panoply1813
a1637 B. Jonson Magnetick Lady iii. iv. 81 in Wks. (1640) III Iron... More..Then all your fury, and the Panoplie. Prac. (Which is at best, but a thin linnen armour.) I thinke a cup of generous wine were better, Then fighting i'your shirts.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 760 Hee in Celestial Panoplie all armd. View more context for this quotation
1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 78. ⁋1 Encumbered and oppressed, as he will find himself, with the ancient panoply.
1768 H. Downman Land of Muses 39 The thunder of his rapid car, His spear, and brazen panoply.
1813 W. Scott Bridal of Triermain ii. xix. 83 As all around the lists so wide In panoply the champions ride.
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 577 Armed in the most magnificent shape of the full panoply of the time.
1881 B. Jowett tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War I. 243 Three hundred panoplies which were allotted to Demosthenes he brought home with him.
1925 G. K. Chesterton Everlasting Man i. vii. 165 The gigantic Gauls with their barbaric panoply.
2000 Contra Costa (Calif.) Times (Nexis) 9 Oct. a15 One of the graves revealed a complete set of a Thracian warrior's panoply.
b. In extended use: any complete covering or protective layer.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence
hornc825
shieldc1200
warranta1272
bergha1325
armour1340
hedge1340
defencec1350
bucklerc1380
protectiona1382
safety1399
targea1400
suretyc1405
wall1412
pavise?a1439
fencec1440
safeguard?c1500
pale?a1525
waretack1542
muniment1546
shrouda1561
bulwark1577
countermure1581
ward1582
prevention1584
armourya1586
fortificationa1586
securitya1586
penthouse1589
palladium1600
guard1609
subtectacle1609
tutament1609
umbrella1609
bastion1615
screena1616
amulet1621
alexikakon1635
breastwork1643
security1643
protectionary1653
sepiment1660
back1680
shadower1691
aegis1760
inoculation1761
buoya1770
propugnaculum1773
panoply1789
armament1793
fascine1793
protective1827
beaver1838
face shield1842
vaccine1861
zariba1885
wolf-platform1906
firebreak1959
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > [noun] > a covering > complete
panoply1789
1789 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. II ii. 147 Amphibious Nymph, from Nile's prolific bed Emerging Trapa lifts her pearly head; Fair glows her virgin cheek and modest breast, A panoply of scales deforms the rest.
1832 R. Lander & J. Lander Jrnl. Exped. Niger III. xvii. 57 Another charm..a panoply, for preserving all persons, while bathing, from the fangs of the crocodiles.
1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. i. 22 His many-coated panoply against King Death.
1867 L. M. Child Romance of Republic xxxv. 400 Mist..as it grew colder, had settled on the trees..covering every little twig with a panoply of ice.
1958 L. de Wohl Francis of Assissi (1960) xiii. 108 There was room left only on the dais, where the bishop would be sitting under a panoply with a canon on either side.
1995 New Yorker 27 Mar. 92/1 The clouds..are gray as lead, a sombre panoply pegged out against a blue that's almost lost.
3.
a. A splendid or impressive array; fine or magnificent display; splendour; pomp. Also: splendid attire.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > splendour, magnificence, or pomp > [noun]
prideOE
nobleyec1300
farec1330
pompc1330
statec1330
rialtya1375
estatec1385
lordliness1440
pompousness1447
noblenessc1450
worthinessc1450
pomperyc1460
affairc1480
gloryc1480
majesty1481
triumpha1513
shine?1529
royalness?1548
sumptuosity1550
triumphing1569
magnificie1570
presence1570
gite1589
equipage1612
majesticalness1613
ceremonya1616
splendour1616
stateliness1637
majesticnessa1643
scheme1647
pageantry1651
grandeur1652
splendidnessa1657
magnanimity1658
magnificency1668
fluster1676
energy1764
pompa1783
panoply1790
pageanting1873
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > [noun] > enfolding or enveloping > that which or one who > splendid
panoply1790
1790 A. Francis Misc. Poems 54 Lo! beamy Hope, descends from heaven, In native glory bright! Deck'd in the panoply of love..She radiates on the sight!
1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux II. iv. iii. 166 What a panoply of smiles the duchess wears to-night.
1872 H. I. Jenkinson Guide Eng. Lake District (1879) 278 The two lakes, Buttermere and Crummock,..surrounded by a grand panoply of mountains.
a1902 F. Norris Pit (1903) i. 35 She had first met this man haughtily, in all the panoply of her ‘grand manner’.
1957 Economist 21 Sept. 912/2 The panoply of police cars, blue lights and motorised outriders with which the Chancellor chooses to move about.
1991 J. Litten Eng. Way of Death (BNC) 9 The livery companies..undertook to provide all that was customary for the performance of the obsequies of their deceased members, the street processions often reflecting in size and panoply the funerals of the nobility.
b. figurative. A full or extensive array of resources; a wide range or array (of).
ΚΠ
1906 Daily Chron. 19 Sept. 4/4 The dress-improver and even the ‘straight-front’ were in the panoply of the society dame of nineteen centuries ago.
1939 Fortune Nov. 14/1 (advt.) Our new gift book ‘F’ presents a thrilling panoply of suggestions designed to help you choose handsome appropriate gifts.
1952 A. Bevan In Place of Fear iii. 39 I am speaking of the full panoply of political democracy which includes these liberties and others besides.
2003 Time Out N.Y. 27 Feb. 22/2 Rosacea can cause a panoply of problems.
4. A group of pieces of armour arranged as a trophy or ornament. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > [noun] > ornamentation or decoration > an ornament > specific
moonc1385
crescent1399
Christmas1706
curly-wurlya1772
cake decoration?1847
stalactite1851
panoply1890
stalactite-work1902
sunburst1921
dabbity1923
1890 Cent. Dict. Panoply, a group or assemblage of pieces of defensive armor, with or without weapons, arranged as a sort of trophy.
1896 Daily News 5 Mar. 7/5 Some Russian shields, serving as panoplies, were added to the French shields.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

panoplyv.

Brit. /ˈpanəpli/, U.S. /ˈpænəpli/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: panoply n.
Etymology: < panoply n.
1. transitive. To fit out in a complete suit of armour; to arm completely. Hence in extended use: to equip fully. Usually in passive. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > of armour: protect [verb (transitive)] > clothe with or encase in > furnish with suit of armour
panoply?1786
?1786 W. Huntington Naked Bow of God 20 The host was mustered and panoplied by a master of arts.
1821 T. Odiorne Poems 55 So panoply'd against the shafts of time, They seem quite enter'd into rest this side.
1822 J. Neal Logan II. ix. 288 Shod and sheathed and panoplied, from head to foot in armour.
1885 Homiletic Rev. Sept. 264 To panoply fearful souls with the armor of..heaven-inspired thoughts.
a1902 F. Norris Pit (1903) ii. 65 The fighter,..hard, rigorous, panoplied in the harness of the warrior.
1940 ‘Gun Buster’ Return via Dunkirk i. i. 11 I wore a tin hat..and a life-saving jacket tied on with waist tapes... I carried a gasmask and a gas-cape..and a revolver..and an identification bracelet... I was panoplied for War.
1984 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 105 231 Virgil's ancient reader would remember what happens to Hector once he is panoplied as Patroclus.
2. transitive. To array with something splendid or impressive; to bedeck. Usually in passive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > ornament
dightc1200
begoa1225
fay?c1225
rustc1275
duba1300
shrouda1300
adorna1325
flourishc1325
apparel1366
depaintc1374
dressa1375
raila1375
anorna1382
orna1382
honourc1390
paintc1390
pare1393
garnisha1400
mensk?a1400
apykec1400
hightlec1400
overfretc1440
exornc1450
embroider1460
repair1484
empare1490
ornate1490
bedo?a1500
purfle?a1500
glorify?1504
betrap1509
broider1509
deck?1521
likelya1522
to set forth1530
exornate1539
grace1548
adornate1550
fardc1550
gaud1554
pink1558
bedeck1559
tight1572
begaud1579
embellish1579
bepounce1582
parela1586
flower1587
ornify1590
illustrate1592
tinsel1594
formalize1595
adore1596
suborn1596
trapper1597
condecorate1599
diamondize1600
furnish1600
enrich1601
mense1602
prank1605
overgreen1609
crown1611
enjewel1611
broocha1616
varnish1641
ornament1650
array1652
bedub1657
bespangle1675
irradiate1717
gem1747
begem1749
redeck1771
blazon1813
aggrace1825
diamond1839
panoply1851
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > in specific way > with specific garments > other
wimple?c1225
pricka1275
clothe1382
addressa1393
haspc1400
to-cloutc1430
shirtc1450
gownc1485
tuft1535
passement1539
kerchief1600
muff1607
inshirt1611
insmock1611
mode1656
costume1802
slop1803
shawl1812
cravat1818
sur-invest1827
frock1828
pinafore1843
smock1847
panoply1851
underclothe1857
upholster1873
fancy dress1878
sleeve1887
to suit up1912
crinoline1915
1851 E. S. Wortley Trav. in U.S. II. xiv. 273 It was..like the rising sun, steeped in molten gold, and panoplied in a pomp of exuberant growths.
1880 ‘M. Twain’ Tramp Abroad xxviii. 284 I and my agent panoplied ourselves in walking costume.
1971 Pacific Affairs 44 500 Hoa Hao nationalism, which can hardly be treated extensively here, is richly panoplied in Vietnamese folk traditions.
1990 Independent (Nexis) 20 Feb. 20 Their bedroom, all white, the bed panoplied with white Indian filigreed woodwork, had no windows.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1576v.?1786
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