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单词 paramour
释义

paramourn.

Brit. /ˈparəmʊə/, /ˈparəmɔː/, U.S. /ˈpɛrəˌmʊ(ə)r/, /ˈpɛrəˌmɔr/
Forms: Middle English paramoire, Middle English paramor, Middle English paramorez, Middle English paramourrs, Middle English paramours, Middle English paramowris, Middle English paramur, Middle English–1500s peramoure, Middle English–1600s paramor, Middle English–1600s paramoure, Middle English– paramour, 1500s parramore, 1500s peramour, 1500s peramoure, 1500s–1600s parramour, 1500s–1700s paramore, 1600s permour; Scottish pre-1700 paramor, pre-1700 paramoure, pre-1700 paramouris, pre-1700 paramours, pre-1700 parramour, pre-1700 peramour, pre-1700 perramouris, pre-1700 1700s– paramour. N.E.D. (1904) also records a form Middle English paramore.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: paramour adv.; French par amur.
Etymology: < paramour adv. and its etymon Old French par amur, etc. (see paramour adv.).The Old French phrase was written as one word from an early date, and came to be treated in English as a noun, both in sense of ‘love’ and ‘beloved, lover’. This may have come about partly through a mistaken analysis of the phrase to love paramour(s) : see note at paramour adv. 1a.
†1.
a. Love or sexual desire for a person; a love affair or romance. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > amorous love > [noun]
loveOE
druery?c1225
amoursc1330
paramoura1375
love-likingc1390
Cupidc1420
love amoura1500
fancy1559
passion1590
belle passion1711
romance1858
romanticalism1922
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 1758 (MED) Þo louely makes..put hem for paramours in perriles so grete.
c1395 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 1450 By cause of leueful procreacioun..And nat oonly for paramour [v.r. paramours] or loue.
a1450 (?1404) in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 18 (MED) Honest play..is turned to vilonye, And paramour is turned to lecherye.
a1500 (?a1400) Stanzaic Life of Christ (Harl. 3909) (1926) 5197 (MED) Ouide..wikket werke in one boke..mad..The whiche book was of paramur, al forto teche men for to wow.
a1586 A. Montgomerie Misc. Poems l. 27 Pigmaleon, that ane portratour Be painting craft, did sa decoir, Himself thairwith in paramour Fell suddanlie, and smert thairfoir.
b. In devotional use: divine love. Cf. sense 2b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > [noun] > Christian love > divine or celestial love
charityc1175
paramourc1390
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > nature or attributes of God > [noun] > love
loveOE
charityc1175
paramourc1390
loving kindness1535
philanthropy1631
agape1727
c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 135 (MED) Heil puyred princesse of paramour.
a1456 J. Lydgate Seying of Nightingale (Trin. Cambr.) 340 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 233 (MED) O synful soule..taken keepe Of his peynes..Forsaake þe worlde..And to þe gardeyn of parfyt paramours Maake þy passage..And in þat gardyn beo contemplatyff.
2.
a. A lover; the object of a person's love, esp. in an affair or romance; a person's sexual partner. Also in extended use. Now somewhat archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > a lover > [noun] > one who is loved or a sweetheart
copenerc897
lovec1225
lemanc1275
sweetinga1300
druery13..
doceamurc1320
paramoura1375
honeybirdc1390
honey-sweetc1440
dowsec1450
heart-rootc1460
prim1509
joa1529
sweetheart1576
love-mate1582
belamour1590
copemate1593
frister1639
sprunny1739
Liebling1868
Liebchen1876
angel pie1878
loved one1879
cariad1899
square piece1925
sheikha1926
sweetie-pie1928
oppo1932
poopsie1937
mi'jita1970
squeeze1980
boo1988
bae2006
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 1534 (MED) Mi perles paramourrs, my pleye & my ioye, spek to me spakli.
c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xvii. 107 A mayde for a mannes loue here moder for-sakeþ..and gooþ forth whith hure paramour [v.r. paramours].
a1450 Partonope of Blois (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1912) 6770 This Ioly syngers comynly be lecherous; They mow not lyve wyth-out paramors [v.rr. paramourse, paramores].
1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xxiii. 78 Ye knowe well my lady paramours, and that she is of your lynage.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A4 The Willow worne of forlorne Paramours.
a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 514 Ane fair ȝoung man, Hir peramouris quhilk in the tyme wes than.
1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn i, in Poems 3 To wanton with the Sun her lusty Paramour.
1661 K. W. Confused Characters 3 The Court minions (those paramours of lust and inveaghlers to debauchery).
1735 W. Somervile Chace iv. 58 Huntsman!..For ev'ry longing Dame select Some happy Paramour.
1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France i. 107 A lewd tavern for the revels and debauches of banditti..and their more desperate paramours.
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. xiii. 221 The sword of a true Saxon had found thee out even in the arms of thy paramour.
1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxi. 44 Lord of fair paramours, of youth's Fair affection uniter.
1927 Amer. Mercury Feb. 137/2 So far from being the Bride of Christ, she is the paramour of Kaiserism.
1932 D. Lindsay Devil's Tor (2002) 326 The departed wife or paramour of such a chief must be defended in her last house.
1991 Time Out 20 Nov. 22/3 The sorry pair's conversation is interrupted by a dairymaid and her paramour bursting in with the intention of making out on the blue pool table.
†b. In devotional use: the Virgin Mary (when addressed by men, including Jesus); Jesus Christ (when addressed by women). Also occasionally: God. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > [noun] > as lover or spouse
spousea1200
lotebyc1330
paramoura1400
lover1574
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > Mary > [noun]
ladyOE
queenOE
MaryOE
St MaryOE
starOE
Our LadylOE
lemana1225
maidena1225
maid Marya1225
heaven queenc1225
mothera1275
maiden Maryc1300
Star of the Seac1300
advocatrixc1390
mother-maidc1390
flower, gem, etc., of virginitya1393
the Virgina1393
mediatricea1400
paramoura1400
salver14..
advocatrice?a1430
Mother of God?a1430
way of indulgence?a1430
advocatessc1450
mother-maidenc1450
rose of Jerichoa1456
mediatrixc1475
viergec1475
addresseressa1492
fleur-de-lis?a1513
rosine?a1513
salvatrice?a1513
saviouress1563
mediatressa1602
advocatress1616
Christotokos1625
Deipara1664
V.M.1670
Madonnaa1684
the Virgin Mother1720
Panagia1776
Mater Dolorosa1800
B.V.M.1838
dispensatrixa1864
Theotokos1874
dispensatress1896
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 69 (MED) For-þi blisce and þat paramour..saues me first in herth fra syn.
a1450 in T. Wright Songs & Carols (1856) 48 To his moder than he [sc. Christ] gan say,..My swete moder, myn paramour.
c1480 (a1400) St. Katherine 1118 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 474 My dere lord Ihesu criste..þat is my luf and paramor.
1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 1171 Thus prune and pricke vp your selues, and God himselfe shall be your paramour.
c. A woman who is the object of a knight's love, and for whom he does battle; (hence) an object of chivalrous admiration and attachment. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > a lover > [noun] > one who is loved or a sweetheart > specifically a female sweetheart or girlfriend
lief971
ladya1393
ladyshipa1393
speciala1400
amiec1400
womanc1400
amoreta1425
mistressc1425
paramoura1450
fair ladya1470
girl?a1513
sooterkin1530
Tib1533
she1547
lady-love1568
jug1569
young lady1584
pigeon1592
love-lass1594
lass1596
dowsabel1612
swainling1615
lucky1629
Dulcinea1638
Lindabrides1640
inamorata1651
baby1684
best girl1691
lady friend1733
young woman1822
moll1823
querida1834
sheila1839
bint1855
tart1864
babykins1870
Dona1874
novia1874
fancy-girl1892
girlfriend1892
cliner1895
tootsy1895
dinah1898
best1904
twist and twirl1905
jane1906
kitten1908
patootie1918
meisie1919
bride1924
gf1925
jelly1931
sort1933
a bit (also piece) of homework1945
beast1946
queen1955
momma1964
mi'jita1970
her indoors1979
girlf1991
a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 582 He wolde haue to hys paramoure Sum louely dynge dame.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 83 No knyght may com there but he brynge hys wyff with hym othir hys paramoure.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 168 The commoun voce vprais of birdis small,..Welcome to be our princes of honour, Our perle, our plesans and our paramour.
1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 33 He may declare his deere affection to his Paramour [sc. Greene]; or his pure honestye to the world.
1631 B. Jonson Chloridia 338 Chloris, the Queene of Flowers;..The top of Par-amours.
1992 Dragon Mag. Feb. 12/3 The romantic knight owes loyalty to his paramour only.
3. An illicit or clandestine lover or mistress, esp. taking the place of a husband or wife; (now Scots Law and U.S. Law) the person with whom a married man or woman has an adulterous relationship.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [noun] > illicit intimacy > person
paramourc1395
lovec1405
minion?1533
intriguer1713
mpango wa kando2009
c1395 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 454 My ferthe housbonde was a reuelour, This is to seyn he hadde a paramour.
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 15 (MED) He seyde he wolde ben hire lemman or paramour.
1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) cxx. 160 Ones he was gone for to see his peramours in the wynter.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cxciijv She myght so fortune of his peramour and concubyne, to be chaunged to his wyfe & lawfull bedfelow.
1598 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. (new ed.) f. 28 v I sue not now, thy Paramoure to be, But as a husband to be linck'd to thee.
1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 257 Pranking up themselves to allure their Paramours.
1815 J. Scott Visit to Paris vii. 107 A woman can seldom possess a lover before marriage, and is as seldom without a variety of paramours after.
1857 Harper's Weekly 21 Mar. 182 It was made apparent that she came to her death by the ill-treatment of her father, one Gray, and his paramour, Mrs. Upham.
1952 All Eng. Law Rep. 612 In the recent case of Abson v Abson it was proved that the paramour was a married man.
1992 E. M. Clive Law of Husband & Wife in Scotl. 463 In order to persuade the court that the defender and paramour were likely to take advantage of the opportunity to commit adultery, [etc.].
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† paramourv.

Origin: Probably formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: paramour adv.
Etymology: Probably < paramour adv. (although see below). N.E.D. (1904) labels this word as spurious and cites it as: ‘given in some dictionaries on the strength of the subjoined passage, but probably ‘loueth’ has been accidentally omitted by the scribe’; compare to love paramours , variant of to love par amour (also amours) at paramour adv. 1a, and the following:a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 9 That she loved the holy man paramours.
Obsolete. rare.
transitive. To love.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > amorous love > be in love or infatuated with [verb (transitive)]
loveOE
paramoura1500
to love with1597
to be sweet on (upon)1740
to be cracked about or on1874
to be stuck on1878
mash1881
to be shook on1888
to go dingy on1904
to fall for ——1906
lurve1908
to have or get a crush on1913
to be soppy on1918
to have a pash for (or on)1922
to have a case on1928
to be queer for1941
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 47 (MED) I knowe a faire lady that Vter paramours [Fr. aime].
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

† paramouradv.

Forms: Middle English paramore, Middle English par amour, Middle English par amoure, Middle English paramoure, Middle English paramoures, Middle English paramouris, Middle English paramous (transmission error), Middle English par amowr, Middle English par amur, Middle English paramurs, Middle English per amour, Middle English peramoures, Middle English peramowre, Middle English (1800s archaic) par amours, Middle English–1500s paramours, Middle English–1500s paramowre, Middle English–1500s peramours, Middle English–1600s paramour, 1500s peramour, 1500s peramoure, 1600s peramore; Scottish pre-1700 paramour, pre-1700 paramoure, pre-1700 paramouris, pre-1700 paramowris, pre-1700 paramowrys, pre-1700 parramouris, pre-1700 peramowris. N.E.D. (1904) also records forms Middle English paramur, Middle English par amurs, Middle English peramore, Middle English peramour, Middle English per amours.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French par amour.
Etymology: < Old French par amur, par amour by (or through) love (c1100; also par amor , paramors , paramours ; compare Anglo-Norman par amur willingly, amicably) < par by (see per prep.) + amur , amour amour n.
Obsolete.
1.
a. to love par amour (also amours): to be in love with; to love or desire passionately or sexually. Also: to have a clandestine or illicit affair with.In some later instances, paramours may have been taken as a noun and treated as the object of the verb; cf. paramour n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > amorous love > fall in love [verb] > love sexually
to love par amour (also amours)a1300
a1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Vitell.) (1966) 65 (MED) Þar lay suete Blancheflur, [þat] Floyres louede par amur.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 63 (MED) Y louede a clerk al par amours.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 52 For now is halden non in curs, Bot qua þat luue can paramurs [a1400 Fairf. paramours, a1400 Trin. Cambr. paramouris].
a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) 1305 (MED) Wax he is so noble and proude That he me prayd stil and loude Paramoures him forto loue.
a1500 (a1400) Sir Cleges (Adv.) (1930) 501 Sir Cleges..That i lovyd paramore.
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. xxi. sig. fv The same lady [sc. Cleopatra] Antoni..loued also peramours, abandonynge his wyfe.
1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) xxix. 6 For mony men ar evill to ken, Þat luvis paramour, Wt fenȝeit mynd, fals and vnkynd, Bringis ȝow to dishonour.
c1600 in G. Stevenson Poems A. Montgomerie (1910) 195 My awin trew luif sche is, That luifis hir paramouris.
1652 Liber Patris Sapientiæ in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum 200 Sche loveth him peramore and no other.
b. Out of or by way of romantic love or sexual desire. archaic in later use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > amorous love > [adverb] > for or by way of sexual love
paramourc1390
c1390 G. Chaucer Sir Thopas 1933 Ful many a mayde bright in bour They moorne for hym paramour..But he was chaast and no lechour.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 68 (MED) The Pardoner..pryuelich vnlasid his both eyen liddes, And lokid hir in the visage paramour.
1825 W. Scott Betrothed xi, in Tales Crusaders II. 220 She is one I could have doated to death upon par amours.
1848 E. Bulwer-Lytton Harold II. vi. vi. 131 Some infidel, to one of whose wives he sought to be gallant, par amours.
2. Through or out of love or kindness. Used chiefly as a supplication when addressing someone: ‘out of your love’; ‘as a favour or kindness’; ‘if you please’.Perhaps originally sometimes short for ‘for love of God’.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > [adverb] > through or by way of love
paramourc1330
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [adverb] > graciously > as a favour
paramourc1330
c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) 118 (MED) Felawe, a seide, par amur, Whar mai ich finde þemperur?
c1390 (a1325) Ipotis (Vernon) 430 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 346 Þen seide þe Emperour: ‘Tel me, child, paramour, Hou fele sunnes beoþ vnschriuen?’
a1450–1509 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (A-version) (1913) 453 (MED) Tel me þe soþe, j ȝow prey, Off þese ioustes, paramours.
c1450 (a1400) Libeaus Desconus (Calig. A.ii) (1969) 42 (MED) Kyng Artour, my lord, Graunte me to speke a word, J pray þe, par amour.
1471 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 280 (MED) He hathe deservid thancke amonge other, paramour, In Dochelonde, in Englonde, in wele and in woo.
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xxiv. 851/2 The Lord Chiefe Iustice stood vp, and forbade the proceedings, alotting Paramour the Lands with the satisfying of the plaintifes.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.a1375v.a1500adv.a1300
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