parpenn.

Brit.

/ˈpɑːp(ᵻ)n/, U.S.

/ˈpɑrp(ə)n/, Scottish English

/ˈparp(ᵻ)n/

Forms: Middle English parapent, Middle English parpayn, Middle English parpein, Middle English parpeyn, Middle English perpain, Middle English perpeny, Middle English perpoynt, Middle English 1600s–1900s perpend, Middle English 1800s–1900s perpeyn, Middle English 1900s parpen, 1500s parpine, 1500s porpen, 1500s 1800s–1900s parpane, 1500s–1800s parpan, 1500s–1800s perpen, 1600s perpoint, 1600s–1700s perpin, 1600s– parpin, 1800s parbend, 1800s parping, 1800s perpent, 1800s–1900s parpoint, 1900s– parpend, 1900s– parpent; also Scottish pre-1700 papan, pre-1700 parapan, pre-1700 parpin, pre-1700 perpan, pre-1700 perpane, pre-1700 perpen, pre-1700 perpend, pre-1700 porpen, pre-1700 1800s parpan, pre-1700 1800s– parpane. See also parpal n.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French parpain.

Etymology: < Old French, Middle French parpain, perpain dressed stone running through a wall from one side to another (1268 as par paing in a document from Douai; in Middle French also perpagne (1409–10), parpoin (1474–5), parpan (1498), perpin (1549), and as adjective (1460); French parpaing ), further etymology uncertain and disputed; perhaps < an unattested post-classical Latin form *perpetaneus with the sense ‘uninterrupted’ < classical Latin perpet- , perpes uninterrupted, continuous + -āneus (see -aneous suffix). Compare post-classical Latin parpenus (1253 in a British source), perpanus (1290 in a British source), parpanus (1402 in French context), Catalan perpany (1435), Spanish perpiaño (1506; > Portuguese perpianho), Italian regional (Apulia) perpitagnu, perpetagno, purpitagno, and also (probably < a slightly different post-classical Latin base) Romansh (Upper Engadine) partaun, (Bergün) parpaun. Compare also ( < French) Middle Dutch parpein, porpein, pourpeen.It is uncertain whether many of the early examples should be taken as showing the Middle English word or an (apparently otherwise unrecorded) Anglo-Norman counterpart.

1. A stone running through a wall from one side to the other and having two smooth vertical faces; a stone squared or dressed for this purpose. Also occasionally: such stones collectively.In quot. 1579 perhaps used adverbially with sense ‘with perpendicular faces’.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > disposition of stones or bricks > [noun] > specific stone or brick

hirne-stonec1000

parpen1252

coin1350

coin-stone1350

angler1365

parpal1369

corner-stonea1382

cunye1387

tuss1412

quoin1532

table stone1554

quoining1562

copestone1567

ground-stone1567

lock bandc1582

quinyie1588

perpender1611

whelmer1618

parpen stone1633

capstone1665

headera1684

through1683

quoin-stone1688

stretcher1693

closer1700

bed-stone1723

coping-brick1725

girder1726

footstone1728

heading brick1731

bossage1736

lewis-hole1740

shoulder1744

headstone1745

pawl1753

tail-bond1776

coping-stone1778

slocking-stone1778

throughband1794

through-stone1797

stretching-bond1805

core1823

keystone1823

tail-binder1828

stretching-stone1833

header brick1841

coign1843

pawl-stone1844

bay-stone1845

bonder1845

pillar-stone1854

bond-piece1862

stretcher-brick1867

toothing-stone1875

bond-stone1879

pierpoint1891

jumper1904

tush1905

padstone1944

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > dressed or hewn

parpen1252

parpen ashlar1361

ashlar1370

serch1416

ashlar-stonec1540

perpender1611

parpen stone1633

broad stone1703

plane ashlar1823

scantling1824

block-stonea1878

1252 in L. F. Salzman Building in Eng. (1992) vi. 104 (MED) Parpens.

1293 in L. F. Salzman Building in Eng. (1992) vi. 115 (MED) Parpeyns [bought for the great arch].

1427–8 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 445 (MED) Pro xxxiij pedibus de perpoyntes xvij s.

1453 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1852) V. 49 For ii dusane of hewyne parpannys.

1552 Dundee Burgh Court Bks. II. f. 190^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Parpan The quhilkis cuppillis salbe vrocht sufficientlie..according to the higcht & breid of the gawillis with parpane jestit to ane sufficient nummer.

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 115 The pillers of this temple are cut out of a quarrie of marbell, called pentlike marbell, and they were squared parpine, as thicke as long.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 111/1 Perpin, are less than the size of Ashlers. Ashler, is a Stone a Yard long, and 8, 9, or 10 inches square.

1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 208 Lay here and there Stones that reach the whole Thickness of the Wall, that is to say, such as make the Surface on both Sides, which Workmen call Making a Parpin.

1838 J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 2) 96 Perpent-Stone, Perpender, Perpyn, a long stone, intended to reach through a wall, wrought and polished at both ends.

1890 Tablet 28 June 1026 The church is..built of brick-faced Yorkshire parpoints.

1989 Encycl. Brit. II. 354/3 Headers used in this manner may also be called throughstones, or perpends.

2. Scottish and English regional (northern). = parpen wall n. Also figurative. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > wall > other types of wall

sidewall1381

brick wall1465

outwall1535

parpen1591

parapet1598

inwall?1611

breastwork1673

parapet wall1682

dwarf1718

screen1761

screen wall1770

hollow wall1823

alure1853

curtain wall1859

core-wall1899

blank wall1904

1591 R. Bruce Serm. Edinb. sig. I8^v Sinne..casteth a balk and a mist betuixt the sight of God and vs; and therefore the Prophet calleth it a parpane.

1597 in M. Wood & R. K. Hannay Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1927) V. 361 For carrying of lxviij daillis and v dubill ruif sparis..to mak the parpanis in the said schole.

1624 R.Bruce in D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) IV. 638 For I found within me suche a parpan of iniquitie dividing between his majestie's confortable presence and me.

a1631 R. Bruce Serm. (1843) 10 That I should take the full burden upon me, until this parpan was demolished.

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Parpoint, a thin wal, the stones of which are built on the edge.

1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Parpin, a mason's term for a wall of a single stone in thickness.

1928 J. G. Horne Lan'wart Loon 25 Upon the brig, wi' licht in haun'..Straddlin' the parpane for a munt.

Compounds

parpen ashlar n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > dressed or hewn

parpen1252

parpen ashlar1361

ashlar1370

serch1416

ashlar-stonec1540

perpender1611

parpen stone1633

broad stone1703

plane ashlar1823

scantling1824

block-stonea1878

1361 in L. F. Salzman Building in Eng. (1992) v. 101 (MED) [11 ½ feet of worked hard stone called] parpaynassheler.

1430–1 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 445 (MED) lxxxij et di fott of perpendaschler vj d.

1621 in D. Yaxley Researcher's Gloss. Hist. Documents E. Anglia (2003) 148 The Greatgate in the inner court is brought up to the height of the arch with perpoint Ashlar.

1696 in D. Knoop & G. P. Jones Sc. Mason & Mason Word (1939) 83 The key [is]..under a perpend esler and a green divot.

1781 J. Wood Cottages (1806) 8 The freestone is sawed out with a common hand-saw into what is called perpen-ashlar, that is, stone of four, six, eight or ten inches thick.

1977 J. S. Curl Eng. Archit. 126/1 Parpend ashlar is stonework faced on both sides.

parpen stone n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > disposition of stones or bricks > [noun] > specific stone or brick

hirne-stonec1000

parpen1252

coin1350

coin-stone1350

angler1365

parpal1369

corner-stonea1382

cunye1387

tuss1412

quoin1532

table stone1554

quoining1562

copestone1567

ground-stone1567

lock bandc1582

quinyie1588

perpender1611

whelmer1618

parpen stone1633

capstone1665

headera1684

through1683

quoin-stone1688

stretcher1693

closer1700

bed-stone1723

coping-brick1725

girder1726

footstone1728

heading brick1731

bossage1736

lewis-hole1740

shoulder1744

headstone1745

pawl1753

tail-bond1776

coping-stone1778

slocking-stone1778

throughband1794

through-stone1797

stretching-bond1805

core1823

keystone1823

tail-binder1828

stretching-stone1833

header brick1841

coign1843

pawl-stone1844

bay-stone1845

bonder1845

pillar-stone1854

bond-piece1862

stretcher-brick1867

toothing-stone1875

bond-stone1879

pierpoint1891

jumper1904

tush1905

padstone1944

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > dressed or hewn

parpen1252

parpen ashlar1361

ashlar1370

serch1416

ashlar-stonec1540

perpender1611

parpen stone1633

broad stone1703

plane ashlar1823

scantling1824

block-stonea1878

1633 in J. Imrie & J. G. Dunbar Accts. Masters of Wks. (1982) II. 370 For wining and hewing of..squar parpin stones for to be linningis kaipes and solles for the wall.

1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Perpend-stone, (among Builders), a stone fitted to the Thickness of a wall, so as to shew its smoothed ends on both sides.

1964 J. S. Scott Dict. Building 228 Perpend stone or parpend, a bond stone which passes through a wall and is seen on both faces.

parpen work n.

ΚΠ

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xliv. xi. 1177 A new wall, not built to the thickenesse of the old, but with perpend worke, laid with one course of bricke and no more.

1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 617/2 Parpoint work, stone-wall construction in which the squared stones are laid as stretchers, with occasional courses of headers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	parpen
释义	parpenn. Brit. /ˈpɑːp(ᵻ)n/, U.S. /ˈpɑrp(ə)n/, Scottish English /ˈparp(ᵻ)n/ Forms: Middle English parapent, Middle English parpayn, Middle English parpein, Middle English parpeyn, Middle English perpain, Middle English perpeny, Middle English perpoynt, Middle English 1600s–1900s perpend, Middle English 1800s–1900s perpeyn, Middle English 1900s parpen, 1500s parpine, 1500s porpen, 1500s 1800s–1900s parpane, 1500s–1800s parpan, 1500s–1800s perpen, 1600s perpoint, 1600s–1700s perpin, 1600s– parpin, 1800s parbend, 1800s parping, 1800s perpent, 1800s–1900s parpoint, 1900s– parpend, 1900s– parpent; also Scottish pre-1700 papan, pre-1700 parapan, pre-1700 parpin, pre-1700 perpan, pre-1700 perpane, pre-1700 perpen, pre-1700 perpend, pre-1700 porpen, pre-1700 1800s parpan, pre-1700 1800s– parpane. See also parpal n. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French parpain. Etymology: < Old French, Middle French parpain, perpain dressed stone running through a wall from one side to another (1268 as par paing in a document from Douai; in Middle French also perpagne (1409–10), parpoin (1474–5), parpan (1498), perpin (1549), and as adjective (1460); French parpaing ), further etymology uncertain and disputed; perhaps < an unattested post-classical Latin form perpetaneus with the sense ‘uninterrupted’ < classical Latin perpet-* , perpes uninterrupted, continuous + -āneus (see -aneous suffix). Compare post-classical Latin parpenus (1253 in a British source), perpanus (1290 in a British source), parpanus (1402 in French context), Catalan perpany (1435), Spanish perpiaño (1506; > Portuguese perpianho), Italian regional (Apulia) perpitagnu, perpetagno, purpitagno, and also (probably < a slightly different post-classical Latin base) Romansh (Upper Engadine) partaun, (Bergün) parpaun. Compare also ( < French) Middle Dutch parpein, porpein, pourpeen.It is uncertain whether many of the early examples should be taken as showing the Middle English word or an (apparently otherwise unrecorded) Anglo-Norman counterpart. 1. A stone running through a wall from one side to the other and having two smooth vertical faces; a stone squared or dressed for this purpose. Also occasionally: such stones collectively.In quot. 1579 perhaps used adverbially with sense ‘with perpendicular faces’. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > disposition of stones or bricks > [noun] > specific stone or brick hirne-stonec1000 parpen1252 coin1350 coin-stone1350 angler1365 parpal1369 corner-stonea1382 cunye1387 tuss1412 quoin1532 table stone1554 quoining1562 copestone1567 ground-stone1567 lock bandc1582 quinyie1588 perpender1611 whelmer1618 parpen stone1633 capstone1665 headera1684 through1683 quoin-stone1688 stretcher1693 closer1700 bed-stone1723 coping-brick1725 girder1726 footstone1728 heading brick1731 bossage1736 lewis-hole1740 shoulder1744 headstone1745 pawl1753 tail-bond1776 coping-stone1778 slocking-stone1778 throughband1794 through-stone1797 stretching-bond1805 core1823 keystone1823 tail-binder1828 stretching-stone1833 header brick1841 coign1843 pawl-stone1844 bay-stone1845 bonder1845 pillar-stone1854 bond-piece1862 stretcher-brick1867 toothing-stone1875 bond-stone1879 pierpoint1891 jumper1904 tush1905 padstone1944 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > dressed or hewn parpen1252 parpen ashlar1361 ashlar1370 serch1416 ashlar-stonec1540 perpender1611 parpen stone1633 broad stone1703 plane ashlar1823 scantling1824 block-stonea1878 1252 in L. F. Salzman Building in Eng. (1992) vi. 104 (MED) Parpens. 1293 in L. F. Salzman Building in Eng. (1992) vi. 115 (MED) Parpeyns [bought for the great arch]. 1427–8 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 445 (MED) Pro xxxiij pedibus de perpoyntes xvij s. 1453 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1852) V. 49 For ii dusane of hewyne parpannys. 1552 Dundee Burgh Court Bks. II. f. 190^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Parpan The quhilkis cuppillis salbe vrocht sufficientlie..according to the higcht & breid of the gawillis with parpane jestit to ane sufficient nummer. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 115 The pillers of this temple are cut out of a quarrie of marbell, called pentlike marbell, and they were squared parpine, as thicke as long. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 111/1 Perpin, are less than the size of Ashlers. Ashler, is a Stone a Yard long, and 8, 9, or 10 inches square. 1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 208 Lay here and there Stones that reach the whole Thickness of the Wall, that is to say, such as make the Surface on both Sides, which Workmen call Making a Parpin. 1838 J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 2) 96 Perpent-Stone, Perpender, Perpyn, a long stone, intended to reach through a wall, wrought and polished at both ends. 1890 Tablet 28 June 1026 The church is..built of brick-faced Yorkshire parpoints. 1989 Encycl. Brit. II. 354/3 Headers used in this manner may also be called throughstones, or perpends. 2. Scottish and English regional (northern). = parpen wall n. Also figurative. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > wall > other types of wall sidewall1381 brick wall1465 outwall1535 parpen1591 parapet1598 inwall?1611 breastwork1673 parapet wall1682 dwarf1718 screen1761 screen wall1770 hollow wall1823 alure1853 curtain wall1859 core-wall1899 blank wall1904 1591 R. Bruce Serm. Edinb. sig. I8^v Sinne..casteth a balk and a mist betuixt the sight of God and vs; and therefore the Prophet calleth it a parpane. 1597 in M. Wood & R. K. Hannay Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1927) V. 361 For carrying of lxviij daillis and v dubill ruif sparis..to mak the parpanis in the said schole. 1624 R.Bruce in D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) IV. 638 For I found within me suche a parpan of iniquitie dividing between his majestie's confortable presence and me. a1631 R. Bruce Serm. (1843) 10 That I should take the full burden upon me, until this parpan was demolished. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Parpoint, a thin wal, the stones of which are built on the edge. 1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Parpin, a mason's term for a wall of a single stone in thickness. 1928 J. G. Horne Lan'wart Loon 25 Upon the brig, wi' licht in haun'..Straddlin' the parpane for a munt. Compounds parpen ashlar n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > dressed or hewn parpen1252 parpen ashlar1361 ashlar1370 serch1416 ashlar-stonec1540 perpender1611 parpen stone1633 broad stone1703 plane ashlar1823 scantling1824 block-stonea1878 1361 in L. F. Salzman Building in Eng. (1992) v. 101 (MED) [11 ½ feet of worked hard stone called] parpaynassheler. 1430–1 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 445 (MED) lxxxij et di fott of perpendaschler vj d. 1621 in D. Yaxley Researcher's Gloss. Hist. Documents E. Anglia (2003) 148 The Greatgate in the inner court is brought up to the height of the arch with perpoint Ashlar. 1696 in D. Knoop & G. P. Jones Sc. Mason & Mason Word (1939) 83 The key [is]..under a perpend esler and a green divot. 1781 J. Wood Cottages (1806) 8 The freestone is sawed out with a common hand-saw into what is called perpen-ashlar, that is, stone of four, six, eight or ten inches thick. 1977 J. S. Curl Eng. Archit. 126/1 Parpend ashlar is stonework faced on both sides. parpen stone n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > disposition of stones or bricks > [noun] > specific stone or brick hirne-stonec1000 parpen1252 coin1350 coin-stone1350 angler1365 parpal1369 corner-stonea1382 cunye1387 tuss1412 quoin1532 table stone1554 quoining1562 copestone1567 ground-stone1567 lock bandc1582 quinyie1588 perpender1611 whelmer1618 parpen stone1633 capstone1665 headera1684 through1683 quoin-stone1688 stretcher1693 closer1700 bed-stone1723 coping-brick1725 girder1726 footstone1728 heading brick1731 bossage1736 lewis-hole1740 shoulder1744 headstone1745 pawl1753 tail-bond1776 coping-stone1778 slocking-stone1778 throughband1794 through-stone1797 stretching-bond1805 core1823 keystone1823 tail-binder1828 stretching-stone1833 header brick1841 coign1843 pawl-stone1844 bay-stone1845 bonder1845 pillar-stone1854 bond-piece1862 stretcher-brick1867 toothing-stone1875 bond-stone1879 pierpoint1891 jumper1904 tush1905 padstone1944 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > dressed or hewn parpen1252 parpen ashlar1361 ashlar1370 serch1416 ashlar-stonec1540 perpender1611 parpen stone1633 broad stone1703 plane ashlar1823 scantling1824 block-stonea1878 1633 in J. Imrie & J. G. Dunbar Accts. Masters of Wks. (1982) II. 370 For wining and hewing of..squar parpin stones for to be linningis kaipes and solles for the wall. 1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Perpend-stone, (among Builders), a stone fitted to the Thickness of a wall, so as to shew its smoothed ends on both sides. 1964 J. S. Scott Dict. Building 228 Perpend stone or parpend, a bond stone which passes through a wall and is seen on both faces. parpen work n. ΚΠ 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xliv. xi. 1177 A new wall, not built to the thickenesse of the old, but with perpend worke, laid with one course of bricke and no more. 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 617/2 Parpoint work, stone-wall construction in which the squared stones are laid as stretchers, with occasional courses of headers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1252
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