parsimonyn.

Brit.

/ˈpɑːsᵻməni/, U.S.

/ˈpɑrsəˌmoʊni/

Forms: late Middle English 1600s–1800s parcimony, 1500s parcimonie, 1500s parsymonye, 1500s–1600s parsimonie, 1500s– parsimony, 1600s percemonie.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin parsimōnia.

Etymology: < classical Latin parsimōnia (in post-classical Latin also occasionally parcimonia , from 3rd cent.) thrift, frugality, niggardliness, restraint, moderation (e.g. in speech) < parcere (past participial stem pars- ) to spare, save (see parcity n.) + -mōnia -mony comb. form. Compare Middle French, French parcimonie (1507 as parsimonie), Italian parsimonia (14th cent.), Spanish parsimonia (1450).

a. The careful or sparing use of money or other material resources; economy; thriftiness; frugality. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > [noun]

sparing1377

sparingc1386

spelingc1420

parsimony?a1475

parcity1509

frugality1531

spare1577

sparingness1579

sparefulnessa1586

savingness1668

frugalness1727

spareness1826

chariness1849

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 35 (MED) Ligurgus ȝafe lawes..movenge that parcimony [L. parsimoniam] scholde be hade of alle men, leste the labore of cheuallry scholde faile thro plente.

1534 R. Whittington tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Tullyes Offyces sig. P2 Suche thynges..kept or saued by dyligence and honest sauynge called parsymonye.

?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. ii. 90 A prince of great parsimonie, and in noe respecte ambitious.

1593 A. Munday tr. C. Estienne Def. Contraries 83 The holie life of sobrietie and parsimonie.

1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Parsimonie, thriftines, sparing.

1631 T. Powell Tom of All Trades 43 Without profusenesse, or too much percemonie.

1642 tr. W. Ames Marrow Sacred Divinity 378 Parsimony is a vertue whereby we make only honest and necessary expences.

1706 R. Estcourt Fair Example ii. i The World grows extravagant and derogates..from the Parsimony of our Ancestors.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. iii. 536 The want of parsimony in time of peace, imposes the necessity of contracting debt in time of war.

1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind ix. 268 In..all domestic matters, they use the ancient parsimony.

1898 Dict. National Biogr. LV. 221/2 Swift's parsimony enabled him to be charitable.

1945 N. Mitford Pursuit of Love 168 Measuring out the soap-flakes with wartime parsimony.

2000 Austral. Financial Rev. (Sydney) (Nexis) 20 Dec. 11/2 (heading) Exports and parsimony could halve NZ's current account deficit.

b. Excessive unwillingness to part with money or other material resources; stinginess, niggardliness; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun]

fastship?c1225

scarcenessa1300

scarcity1340

niggardyc1390

nithingheada1400

scarcehead1420

nigonryc1430

niggardship?a1439

pinching1440

straitheadc1450

straitnessc1460

niggard cheap1463

niggardnessc1487

nigonshipa1500

niggardise1502

niggishness1519

niggardliness1556

parsimony1561

illiberality1581

nearness1584

tenacity1586

Euclionism1599

paring1607

servilitya1610

niggeralitya1612

scanting1625

scant-handednessa1627

closefistedness1631

niggardess1632

close-handedness1646

strait-handedness1649

penury1651

unbountifulness1660

parsimoniousness1671

penuriousness1672

stinginess1682

closeness1712

illiberalness1727

meanness1755

cheeseparing1834

scrimping1835

churlishness1846

screwing1848

skinflintism1853

screwiness1856

flint-paring1860

skinflintiness1861

scrimp1864

flint-skinning1873

penny-pinching1895

skimping1898

tight-fistedness1975

1561 R. Eden in tr. M. Cortés Arte Nauigation Pref. sig. ¶iii By miserable couetousnes and parcimonie.

1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. F2 ^v His beggerly parsimony and ignoble illiberaltie.

c1616 R. Corbett Times' Whistle (1871) 30 Base avarice & sordid parsimony Is thrift accounted.

1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling ii. iii. §5 This is one of the most pernicious parsimonies imaginable.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 104 Nor be with harmful parsimony won.

1712 J. Arbuthnot John Bull Still in Senses vii. 31 It is impossible to march up close to the Frontiers of Frugality, without entering the Territories of Parsimony.

1762 S. Scott Descr. Millenium Hall 105 In time the parcimony of her old aunt became generally kinown, and the young lady then was left free from the tender importunity of lovers.

1834 Pearl & Lit. Gaz. 19 July 202/2 There is no class of people more annoying in a community than those..who through extreme parsimony neglect to provide themselves with the various articles, which are considered indispensable in a well regulated family.

1896 Times 1 Sept. 7/4 Due to ill-judged Parliamentary interference and to the misplaced parcimony of the Treasury.

1931 V. Sackville-West All Passion Spent iii. 200 They couldn't help being stingy, since parsimony ran in their blood.

1994 Guardian 20 Sept. (Educ. section) 9/1 Even Stafford Cripps would have drawn the line at rationing light in the latrines. Such muckworming parsimony is part of Exeter University's efficiency drive.

2. In extended use: the quality of being sparing in the giving or using of something abstract, as emotion, good fortune, words, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > conciseness > [noun]

fastness?a1200

compendiousness1398

short speaking14..

shortness?c1450

brevity1509

briefness1530

pithiness1557

laconism1570

succinctness1609

parsimony1650

laconicism1656

nexility1656

syntomy1656

conciseness1659

closeness1712

compendiosity1727

pressness1728

abruptness1731

concision1774

laconicalness1830

compactness1841

terseness1864

Spartanhood1880

Spartanism1880

brachylogy1882–3

condensity1885

1650 W. Davenant Gonibert Pref. 35 That usual parsimony in owners of Wit, towards such as would make use of their plenty.

1692 R. South 12 Serm. I. 362 That Parsimony in God's Worship were the worst husbandry in the World.

1727 L. Welsted Dissembled Wanton iv. i. 49 Be not too profuse even of Words; Parsimony is a Virtue in all things.

1788 W. Hayley Poems & Plays III. iv. 78 The supposed Parsimony of Nature in bestowing Poetic Genius.

1850 R. W. Emerson Montaigne in Representative Men iv. 182 They accuse the divine providence of a certain parsimony.

1876 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. 2nd Ser. 40 Dante's parsimony of epithet.

1906 J. London White Fang iv. ii. 204 His head..slanted uncompromisingly to meet a low and remarkably wide forehead. Beginning here, as though regretting her parsimony, Nature had spread his features with a lavish hand.

2003 Regulation (Nexis) 25 65 Because they justify the use of coercion, rights themselves are a necessary evil and that argues for a parsimony of rights.

3. Economy in the use of assumptions in reasoning or explaining; esp. in law of parsimony n. (also principle of parsimony) the principle that no more entities, causes, or forces than necessary should be invoked in explaining a set of facts or observations (cf. Occam's razor n.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > scholasticism > [noun] > Occamism > Occam's razor

Occam's razor1852

parsimonya1856

law of parsimony1875

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > [noun] > economy of explanation

Occam's razor1852

law of parsimony1875

parsimony1957

a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) II. xxxiv. 395 The law of Parcimony, which forbids, without necessity, the multiplication of entities, powers, principles, or causes; above all, the postulation of an unknown force, where a known impotence can account for the effect.

1875 W. James Coll. Ess. & Rev. (1920) 24 One may deem that the lack of emotional bias which left him contented with the mere principle of parsimony as a criterion of universal truth was really due to a defect in the active or impulsive part of his mental nature.

1933 J. C. Flügel Hundred Years Psychol. ii. 124 The ‘law of parsimony’, according to which we must always explain animal behaviour in terms of the simplest mental processes that will account for the facts.

1957 R. K. Merton Social Theory (rev. ed.) ii. viii. 259 The theoretical objective of parsimony, found whenever several empirical generalizations are derived from a more general formulation.

1992 Cambr. Encycl. Human Evol. (1994) i. ii. 23/2 Many biologists claim that the principle of parsimony is the most reliable criterion for doing this, the optimal tree being that requiring the least evolutionary change.

2002 Systematic Entomol. 27 409 Neighbour joining, parsimony and maximum likelihood inference methods were employed to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships in separate analyses of each gene, and parsimony was used to analyse the combined dataset.

4. Economy of action, effort, or process in an organism or natural system. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > [noun] > theory regarding

parsimony1931

the world > life > biology > theories > [noun] > of genetics or evolution

theory of preformation1756

Darwinizing1807

development hypothesis1845

generationism1847

theory of evolution1858

Darwinism1860

Darwinianism1861

monogenesis1864

monogenism1865

monogeny1865

pangenesis1868

evolutionism1869

phylogeny1869

polygenism1871

derivation1874

phylogenesis1875

transformism1878

biogenetic law1879

gastraea theory1879

fortuitism1881

organicism1883

hereditism1884

kinetogenesis1884

Lamarckianism1884

Lamarckism1884

neo-Lamarckianism1884

monogenesy1885

neo-Lamarckism1887

preformationism1890

neo-Darwinism1891

blastogenesis1893

Haeckel-ismus1894

Weismannism1894

preformism1895

Haeckelism1899

mutation theory1902

directivity1903

Mendelianism1903

Mendelism1903

hereditarianism1906

mutationism1912

selectionism1912

hologenesis1931

parsimony1931

Morganism1934

Lysenkoism1948

neutralism1972

punctuated equilibrium1972

saltationism1975

punctuationism1977

punctuationalism1978

adaptationism1980

geneticism1984

adaptationalism1985

1917 Sci. Monthly Jan. 24 It is a general law, the law of parsimony, that a species does not expend energies unnecessary in its mode of life.]

1931 D. K. Adams in Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. 22 153 This economy upon repetition or, better, the property (we shall call it parsimony) of which it is simply one manifestation, is a fundamental property of a certain class of bodies.

1948 E. R. Hilgard Theories of Learning xi. 295 The process of need satiation is regulated by a principle called ‘parsimony’. That is a preference for short-cuts, described by others as the principle of least action.

1955 Sci. Amer. June 68/1 This is the grand overriding law of the parsimony of nature: every action within a system is executed with the least possible expenditure of energy.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	parsimony
释义	parsimonyn. Brit. /ˈpɑːsᵻməni/, U.S. /ˈpɑrsəˌmoʊni/ Forms: late Middle English 1600s–1800s parcimony, 1500s parcimonie, 1500s parsymonye, 1500s–1600s parsimonie, 1500s– parsimony, 1600s percemonie. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin parsimōnia. Etymology: < classical Latin parsimōnia (in post-classical Latin also occasionally parcimonia , from 3rd cent.) thrift, frugality, niggardliness, restraint, moderation (e.g. in speech) < parcere (past participial stem pars- ) to spare, save (see parcity n.) + -mōnia -mony comb. form. Compare Middle French, French parcimonie (1507 as parsimonie), Italian parsimonia (14th cent.), Spanish parsimonia (1450). 1. a. The careful or sparing use of money or other material resources; economy; thriftiness; frugality. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > [noun] sparing1377 sparingc1386 spelingc1420 parsimony?a1475 parcity1509 frugality1531 spare1577 spare1577 sparingness1579 sparefulnessa1586 savingness1668 frugalness1727 spareness1826 chariness1849 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 35 (MED) Ligurgus ȝafe lawes..movenge that parcimony [L. parsimoniam] scholde be hade of alle men, leste the labore of cheuallry scholde faile thro plente. 1534 R. Whittington tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Tullyes Offyces sig. P2 Suche thynges..kept or saued by dyligence and honest sauynge called parsymonye. ?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. ii. 90 A prince of great parsimonie, and in noe respecte ambitious. 1593 A. Munday tr. C. Estienne Def. Contraries 83 The holie life of sobrietie and parsimonie. 1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Parsimonie, thriftines, sparing. 1631 T. Powell Tom of All Trades 43 Without profusenesse, or too much percemonie. 1642 tr. W. Ames Marrow Sacred Divinity 378 Parsimony is a vertue whereby we make only honest and necessary expences. 1706 R. Estcourt Fair Example ii. i The World grows extravagant and derogates..from the Parsimony of our Ancestors. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. iii. 536 The want of parsimony in time of peace, imposes the necessity of contracting debt in time of war. 1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind ix. 268 In..all domestic matters, they use the ancient parsimony. 1898 Dict. National Biogr. LV. 221/2 Swift's parsimony enabled him to be charitable. 1945 N. Mitford Pursuit of Love 168 Measuring out the soap-flakes with wartime parsimony. 2000 Austral. Financial Rev. (Sydney) (Nexis) 20 Dec. 11/2 (heading) Exports and parsimony could halve NZ's current account deficit. b. Excessive unwillingness to part with money or other material resources; stinginess, niggardliness; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] fastship?c1225 scarcenessa1300 scarcity1340 niggardyc1390 nithingheada1400 scarcehead1420 nigonryc1430 niggardship?a1439 pinching1440 straitheadc1450 straitnessc1460 niggard cheap1463 niggardnessc1487 nigonshipa1500 niggardise1502 niggishness1519 niggardliness1556 parsimony1561 illiberality1581 nearness1584 tenacity1586 Euclionism1599 paring1607 servilitya1610 niggeralitya1612 scanting1625 scant-handednessa1627 closefistedness1631 niggardess1632 close-handedness1646 strait-handedness1649 penury1651 unbountifulness1660 parsimoniousness1671 penuriousness1672 stinginess1682 closeness1712 illiberalness1727 meanness1755 cheeseparing1834 scrimping1835 churlishness1846 screwing1848 skinflintism1853 screwiness1856 flint-paring1860 skinflintiness1861 scrimp1864 flint-skinning1873 penny-pinching1895 skimping1898 tight-fistedness1975 1561 R. Eden in tr. M. Cortés Arte Nauigation Pref. sig. ¶iii By miserable couetousnes and parcimonie. 1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. F2 ^v His beggerly parsimony and ignoble illiberaltie. c1616 R. Corbett Times' Whistle (1871) 30 Base avarice & sordid parsimony Is thrift accounted. 1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling ii. iii. §5 This is one of the most pernicious parsimonies imaginable. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 104 Nor be with harmful parsimony won. View more context for this quotation 1712 J. Arbuthnot John Bull Still in Senses vii. 31 It is impossible to march up close to the Frontiers of Frugality, without entering the Territories of Parsimony. 1762 S. Scott Descr. Millenium Hall 105 In time the parcimony of her old aunt became generally kinown, and the young lady then was left free from the tender importunity of lovers. 1834 Pearl & Lit. Gaz. 19 July 202/2 There is no class of people more annoying in a community than those..who through extreme parsimony neglect to provide themselves with the various articles, which are considered indispensable in a well regulated family. 1896 Times 1 Sept. 7/4 Due to ill-judged Parliamentary interference and to the misplaced parcimony of the Treasury. 1931 V. Sackville-West All Passion Spent iii. 200 They couldn't help being stingy, since parsimony ran in their blood. 1994 Guardian 20 Sept. (Educ. section) 9/1 Even Stafford Cripps would have drawn the line at rationing light in the latrines. Such muckworming parsimony is part of Exeter University's efficiency drive. 2. In extended use: the quality of being sparing in the giving or using of something abstract, as emotion, good fortune, words, etc. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > conciseness > [noun] fastness?a1200 compendiousness1398 short speaking14.. shortness?c1450 brevity1509 briefness1530 pithiness1557 laconism1570 succinctness1609 parsimony1650 laconicism1656 nexility1656 syntomy1656 conciseness1659 closeness1712 compendiosity1727 pressness1728 abruptness1731 concision1774 laconicalness1830 compactness1841 terseness1864 Spartanhood1880 Spartanism1880 brachylogy1882–3 condensity1885 1650 W. Davenant Gonibert Pref. 35 That usual parsimony in owners of Wit, towards such as would make use of their plenty. 1692 R. South 12 Serm. I. 362 That Parsimony in God's Worship were the worst husbandry in the World. 1727 L. Welsted Dissembled Wanton iv. i. 49 Be not too profuse even of Words; Parsimony is a Virtue in all things. 1788 W. Hayley Poems & Plays III. iv. 78 The supposed Parsimony of Nature in bestowing Poetic Genius. 1850 R. W. Emerson Montaigne in Representative Men iv. 182 They accuse the divine providence of a certain parsimony. 1876 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. 2nd Ser. 40 Dante's parsimony of epithet. 1906 J. London White Fang iv. ii. 204 His head..slanted uncompromisingly to meet a low and remarkably wide forehead. Beginning here, as though regretting her parsimony, Nature had spread his features with a lavish hand. 2003 Regulation (Nexis) 25 65 Because they justify the use of coercion, rights themselves are a necessary evil and that argues for a parsimony of rights. 3. Economy in the use of assumptions in reasoning or explaining; esp. in law of parsimony n. (also principle of parsimony) the principle that no more entities, causes, or forces than necessary should be invoked in explaining a set of facts or observations (cf. Occam's razor n.). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > scholasticism > [noun] > Occamism > Occam's razor Occam's razor1852 parsimonya1856 law of parsimony1875 the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > [noun] > economy of explanation Occam's razor1852 law of parsimony1875 parsimony1957 a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) II. xxxiv. 395 The law of Parcimony, which forbids, without necessity, the multiplication of entities, powers, principles, or causes; above all, the postulation of an unknown force, where a known impotence can account for the effect. 1875 W. James Coll. Ess. & Rev. (1920) 24 One may deem that the lack of emotional bias which left him contented with the mere principle of parsimony as a criterion of universal truth was really due to a defect in the active or impulsive part of his mental nature. 1933 J. C. Flügel Hundred Years Psychol. ii. 124 The ‘law of parsimony’, according to which we must always explain animal behaviour in terms of the simplest mental processes that will account for the facts. 1957 R. K. Merton Social Theory (rev. ed.) ii. viii. 259 The theoretical objective of parsimony, found whenever several empirical generalizations are derived from a more general formulation. 1992 Cambr. Encycl. Human Evol. (1994) i. ii. 23/2 Many biologists claim that the principle of parsimony is the most reliable criterion for doing this, the optimal tree being that requiring the least evolutionary change. 2002 Systematic Entomol. 27 409 Neighbour joining, parsimony and maximum likelihood inference methods were employed to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships in separate analyses of each gene, and parsimony was used to analyse the combined dataset. 4. Economy of action, effort, or process in an organism or natural system. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > [noun] > theory regarding parsimony1931 the world > life > biology > theories > [noun] > of genetics or evolution theory of preformation1756 Darwinizing1807 development hypothesis1845 generationism1847 theory of evolution1858 Darwinism1860 Darwinianism1861 monogenesis1864 monogenism1865 monogeny1865 pangenesis1868 evolutionism1869 phylogeny1869 polygenism1871 derivation1874 phylogenesis1875 transformism1878 biogenetic law1879 gastraea theory1879 fortuitism1881 organicism1883 hereditism1884 kinetogenesis1884 Lamarckianism1884 Lamarckism1884 neo-Lamarckianism1884 monogenesy1885 neo-Lamarckism1887 preformationism1890 neo-Darwinism1891 blastogenesis1893 Haeckel-ismus1894 Weismannism1894 preformism1895 Haeckelism1899 mutation theory1902 directivity1903 Mendelianism1903 Mendelism1903 hereditarianism1906 mutationism1912 selectionism1912 hologenesis1931 parsimony1931 Morganism1934 Lysenkoism1948 neutralism1972 punctuated equilibrium1972 saltationism1975 punctuationism1977 punctuationalism1978 adaptationism1980 geneticism1984 adaptationalism1985 1917 Sci. Monthly Jan. 24 It is a general law, the law of parsimony, that a species does not expend energies unnecessary in its mode of life.] 1931 D. K. Adams in Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. 22 153 This economy upon repetition or, better, the property (we shall call it parsimony) of which it is simply one manifestation, is a fundamental property of a certain class of bodies. 1948 E. R. Hilgard Theories of Learning xi. 295 The process of need satiation is regulated by a principle called ‘parsimony’. That is a preference for short-cuts, described by others as the principle of least action. 1955 Sci. Amer. June 68/1 This is the grand overriding law of the parsimony of nature: every action within a system is executed with the least possible expenditure of energy. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?a1475
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