parathyroidadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌparəˈθʌɪrɔɪd/, U.S.

/ˌpɛrəˈθaɪˌrɔɪd/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: para- prefix¹, thyroid n.

Etymology: < para- prefix¹ + thyroid n., after scientific Latin parathyreoideus (in glandula parathyreoidea, I. Sandström 1880, in Upsala Läkareförenings Förhandl. 15 466). Compare French parathyroïde (1896 as adjective, 1905 as noun).

Anatomy, Zoology, and Physiology.

A. adj.

I. Compounds.

a. parathyroid gland n. any of several (in humans and other mammals, usually four) small endocrine glands located near or embedded in the thyroid gland, which produce a hormone that plays a major role in calcium metabolism.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > thyroid gland > body adjacent to

parathyroid gland1895

parathyroid1896

parathyroid body1897

parathyroid glandule1906

1895 Jrnl. Physiol. 18 No. 4. p. xxx The tissue of the parathyroid gland does not at all resemble that of the thyroid in its adult form.

1948 L. C. Martin & M. Hynes Clin. Endocrinol. v. 101 Four parathyroid glands are normally situated at the posterior extremities of the lateral lobes of the thyroid.

1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 21 Mar. 666/1 Parathyroid glands do not appear in evolution before the amphibians.

1992 Day (New London, Connecticut) 27 July a A6/1 Sometimes an underlying disease like an overactive parathyroid gland or an overdose of vitamin D disrupts calcium absorption of metabolism.

b. parathyroid body n. now rare = parathyroid gland n. at sense A. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > thyroid gland > body adjacent to

parathyroid gland1895

parathyroid1896

parathyroid body1897

parathyroid glandule1906

1897 Science 9 July 38/1 In this list we can place such glands as the liver, pancreas, thyroid and parathyroid bodies.

1947 Q. Rev. Biol. 22 126/2 The different anatomical situation of the parathyroid bodies in the rabbit and the dog had not been taken into account.

1999 Dis. Esophagus 12 314 Esopharyngolaryngeal resection for carcinoma of the cervical esophagus must be accompanied by resection of the thyroid gland, parathyroid bodies, and regional lymph nodes.

c. parathyroid glandule n. disused = parathyroid gland n. at sense A. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > thyroid gland > body adjacent to

parathyroid gland1895

parathyroid1896

parathyroid body1897

parathyroid glandule1906

1906 Jrnl. Med. Res. 15 399 It has been suggested that paralysis agitans is due to insufficiency of the parathyroid glandules.

1934 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 115 88 The conception that these and other adenomas of the ductless glands as those of the parathyroid glandules and pancreatic islets represent actively secreting conglomerations of normal cells.

2. parathyroid hormone n. Physiology a polypeptide hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands, which acts on the bones, kidneys, and intestine to increase the amount of calcium in the blood; = parathormone n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > hormone > [noun] > other hormones

thyro-iodine1896

parathormone1925

parathyroid hormone1925

oestrin1926

oestrogen1927

relaxin1930

theelin1930

prolan1931

galactin1932

inhibin1932

prolactin1932

oestriol1933

oestrone1933

oestradiol1934

adrenocorticotrophin1943

pancreozymin1943

ADH1945

adrenocorticotropin1945

cortisone1949

mineralocorticoid1950

electrocortin1953

aldosterone1954

angiotensin1958

melatonin1958

calcitonin1961

zeranol1971

amylin1988

adiponectin1999

adipokine2001

1925 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 63 395 (title) The extraction of a parathyroid hormone which will prevent or control parathyroid tetany and which regulates the level of blood calcium.

1985 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 1 June 1628/1 Diagnosis is confirmed by showing an absent urinary cyclic response of adenosine-5′-monophosphate (AMP) to parathyroid hormone infusion.

2004 Washington Post 16 Mar. (Home ed.) f4/1 The drug contains a synthetic form of human parathyroid hormone, the primary regulator of calcium and phosphate in bones.

II. General uses.

3. Of or relating to the parathyroid gland.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > thyroid gland > parts of or adjacent to

parathyroidal1897

parathyroid1907

parafollicular1932

1907 Science 9 Aug. 172/2 It has been found that the symptoms of tetany following parathyroidectomy in dogs can be inhibited by the hypodermic injection of parathyroid nucleoproteid.

1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxxii. 860 The classical syndrome of parathyroid hypersecretion is osteitis fibrosa cystica.

1966 G. P. Wright & W. S. Symmers Systemic Pathol. II. xxxii. 1130/1 ‘Parathyroid poisoning’ is a term that has been applied to the sudden increase in the extent of metastatic calcification of organs..when a high calcium diet is forced on the hyperparathyroid patient.

1987 E. W. Burr Compan. Bird Med. xii. 73/1 Arnall et al...reports the occurrence of osteomalacia in old parrots with parathyroid tumors (primary hyperparathyroidism).

1993 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 80 454/2 Two intrathyroidal parathyroid adenomas were found in 47 resected thyroid specimens.

B. n.

A parathyroid gland.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > thyroid gland > body adjacent to

parathyroid gland1895

parathyroid1896

parathyroid body1897

parathyroid glandule1906

1896 Proc. Royal Soc. 1895–6 59 360 Partial thyroidectomy was so performed as to remove both the parathyroids.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 314 Certain bodies known as accessory thyroids and parathyroids.

1927 R. C. Macfie Body 76 Under the lobes of the thyroid are four little glands, a pair on each side called the parathyroids.

1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 1 Mar. 136/1 There are two parathyroids in the bird.

1984 J. R. Tighe & D. R. Davies Pathol. (ed. 4) xxii. 209 A rim of normal parathyroid is compressed around the tumour.

1993 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 80 40/1 Autotransplantation of parathyroid fragments into forearm muscle and cryopreservation of reserve parathyroid.

Derivatives

parathyˈroidal adj. rare of or relating to a parathyroid gland.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > thyroid gland > parts of or adjacent to

parathyroidal1897

parathyroid1907

parafollicular1932

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 314 Parathyroidal and thyroidal tissue do not play an equivalent part in preventing the development of the symptoms which follow thyroidectomy.

1987 Internat. Surg. 72 104 Of the 90 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism surgically treated in our department over the last decade (1975-1985), ten cases had a mediastinal parathyroidal adenoma.

2003 ANZ Jrnl. Surg. 73 284 Parathyroid rests were found in 37% of extra parathyroidal tissues submitted for analysis.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	parathyroid
释义	parathyroidadj.n. Brit. /ˌparəˈθʌɪrɔɪd/, U.S. /ˌpɛrəˈθaɪˌrɔɪd/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: para- prefix¹, thyroid n. Etymology: < para- prefix¹ + thyroid n., after scientific Latin parathyreoideus (in glandula parathyreoidea, I. Sandström 1880, in Upsala Läkareförenings Förhandl. 15 466). Compare French parathyroïde (1896 as adjective, 1905 as noun). Anatomy, Zoology, and Physiology. A. adj. I. Compounds. 1. a. parathyroid gland n. any of several (in humans and other mammals, usually four) small endocrine glands located near or embedded in the thyroid gland, which produce a hormone that plays a major role in calcium metabolism. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > thyroid gland > body adjacent to parathyroid gland1895 parathyroid1896 parathyroid body1897 parathyroid glandule1906 1895 Jrnl. Physiol. 18 No. 4. p. xxx The tissue of the parathyroid gland does not at all resemble that of the thyroid in its adult form. 1948 L. C. Martin & M. Hynes Clin. Endocrinol. v. 101 Four parathyroid glands are normally situated at the posterior extremities of the lateral lobes of the thyroid. 1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 21 Mar. 666/1 Parathyroid glands do not appear in evolution before the amphibians. 1992 Day (New London, Connecticut) 27 July a A6/1 Sometimes an underlying disease like an overactive parathyroid gland or an overdose of vitamin D disrupts calcium absorption of metabolism. b. parathyroid body n. now rare = parathyroid gland n. at sense A. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > thyroid gland > body adjacent to parathyroid gland1895 parathyroid1896 parathyroid body1897 parathyroid glandule1906 1897 Science 9 July 38/1 In this list we can place such glands as the liver, pancreas, thyroid and parathyroid bodies. 1947 Q. Rev. Biol. 22 126/2 The different anatomical situation of the parathyroid bodies in the rabbit and the dog had not been taken into account. 1999 Dis. Esophagus 12 314 Esopharyngolaryngeal resection for carcinoma of the cervical esophagus must be accompanied by resection of the thyroid gland, parathyroid bodies, and regional lymph nodes. c. parathyroid glandule n. disused = parathyroid gland n. at sense A. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > thyroid gland > body adjacent to parathyroid gland1895 parathyroid1896 parathyroid body1897 parathyroid glandule1906 1906 Jrnl. Med. Res. 15 399 It has been suggested that paralysis agitans is due to insufficiency of the parathyroid glandules. 1934 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 115 88 The conception that these and other adenomas of the ductless glands as those of the parathyroid glandules and pancreatic islets represent actively secreting conglomerations of normal cells. 2. parathyroid hormone n. Physiology a polypeptide hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands, which acts on the bones, kidneys, and intestine to increase the amount of calcium in the blood; = parathormone n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > hormone > [noun] > other hormones thyro-iodine1896 parathormone1925 parathyroid hormone1925 oestrin1926 oestrogen1927 relaxin1930 theelin1930 prolan1931 galactin1932 inhibin1932 prolactin1932 oestriol1933 oestrone1933 oestradiol1934 adrenocorticotrophin1943 pancreozymin1943 ADH1945 adrenocorticotropin1945 cortisone1949 mineralocorticoid1950 electrocortin1953 aldosterone1954 angiotensin1958 melatonin1958 calcitonin1961 zeranol1971 amylin1988 adiponectin1999 adipokine2001 1925 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 63 395 (title) The extraction of a parathyroid hormone which will prevent or control parathyroid tetany and which regulates the level of blood calcium. 1985 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 1 June 1628/1 Diagnosis is confirmed by showing an absent urinary cyclic response of adenosine-5′-monophosphate (AMP) to parathyroid hormone infusion. 2004 Washington Post 16 Mar. (Home ed.) f4/1 The drug contains a synthetic form of human parathyroid hormone, the primary regulator of calcium and phosphate in bones. II. General uses. 3. Of or relating to the parathyroid gland. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > thyroid gland > parts of or adjacent to parathyroidal1897 parathyroid1907 parafollicular1932 1907 Science 9 Aug. 172/2 It has been found that the symptoms of tetany following parathyroidectomy in dogs can be inhibited by the hypodermic injection of parathyroid nucleoproteid. 1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxxii. 860 The classical syndrome of parathyroid hypersecretion is osteitis fibrosa cystica. 1966 G. P. Wright & W. S. Symmers Systemic Pathol. II. xxxii. 1130/1 ‘Parathyroid poisoning’ is a term that has been applied to the sudden increase in the extent of metastatic calcification of organs..when a high calcium diet is forced on the hyperparathyroid patient. 1987 E. W. Burr Compan. Bird Med. xii. 73/1 Arnall et al...reports the occurrence of osteomalacia in old parrots with parathyroid tumors (primary hyperparathyroidism). 1993 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 80 454/2 Two intrathyroidal parathyroid adenomas were found in 47 resected thyroid specimens. B. n. A parathyroid gland. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > thyroid gland > body adjacent to parathyroid gland1895 parathyroid1896 parathyroid body1897 parathyroid glandule1906 1896 Proc. Royal Soc. 1895–6 59 360 Partial thyroidectomy was so performed as to remove both the parathyroids. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 314 Certain bodies known as accessory thyroids and parathyroids. 1927 R. C. Macfie Body 76 Under the lobes of the thyroid are four little glands, a pair on each side called the parathyroids. 1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 1 Mar. 136/1 There are two parathyroids in the bird. 1984 J. R. Tighe & D. R. Davies Pathol. (ed. 4) xxii. 209 A rim of normal parathyroid is compressed around the tumour. 1993 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 80 40/1 Autotransplantation of parathyroid fragments into forearm muscle and cryopreservation of reserve parathyroid. Derivatives parathyˈroidal adj. rare of or relating to a parathyroid gland. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > thyroid gland > parts of or adjacent to parathyroidal1897 parathyroid1907 parafollicular1932 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 314 Parathyroidal and thyroidal tissue do not play an equivalent part in preventing the development of the symptoms which follow thyroidectomy. 1987 Internat. Surg. 72 104 Of the 90 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism surgically treated in our department over the last decade (1975-1985), ten cases had a mediastinal parathyroidal adenoma. 2003 ANZ Jrnl. Surg. 73 284 Parathyroid rests were found in 37% of extra parathyroidal tissues submitted for analysis. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1895
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