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单词 paratyphoid
释义

paratyphoidadj.n.

Brit. /ˌparəˈtʌɪfɔɪd/, U.S. /ˌpɛrəˈtaɪˌfɔɪd/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: para- prefix1, typhoid adj. and n.
Etymology: < para- prefix1 + typhoid adj. and n. Compare French paratyphoïdique (1896), paratyphique (1896 as adjective, 1940 as noun), paratyphoïde (1903 as adjective, 1907 as noun).
Medicine.
A. adj.
1. Designating a group of bacteria (salmonellae) resembling the typhoid bacterium or causing a disease similar to, but milder than, typhoid fever. Also: caused by or involving such bacteria.
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the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > bacterium > [adjective] > types of
vibrionic1850
vibrioid1864
micrococcal1881
gonococcal1888
pneumococcic1891
spirillar1891
pneumococcal1895
pneumococcous1897
streptococcal1897
streptococcic1897
paratyphoid1898
schizomycetic1898
amphitrichous1900
lophotrichous1900
staphylococcal1900
streptococcous1902
streptothricial1903
staphylococcic1904
rhizobial1906
meningococcal1907
meningococcic1907
clostridial1909
botulinum1910
coccoid1912
treponemal1913
Salmonella1916
leptospiral1924
neisserian1925
rickettsial1925
coccal1928
amphitrichate1929
botulinal1939
eubacterial1946
myxococcal1946
coryneform1952
neisserial1955
myxobacterial1957
listerial1961
listeric1961
cyanobacterial1974
1898 H. E. Durham in Lancet 15 Jan. 154/2 The terms ‘paratyphoid’ and ‘paracoli’..do not appear to me to be at all appropriate; the group is evidently quite distinct from both typhoid and coli.
1906 Trans. Chicago Pathol. Soc. 6 209 (title) Infection with the paratyphoid bacillus in an infant.
1916 A. I. Kendall Bacteriology xv. 344 These organisms are variously known as the hog cholera, Salmonella, Gärtner, enteritidis, intermediate, paracolon or paratyphoid group.
1938 Lancet 22 Jan. 214 (title) Dogs as paratyphoid carriers.
1944 Amer. Midland Naturalist 31 179 The isolated organisms were found to be Salmonella typhimurium.., the mouse typhoid bacterium belonging to the paratyphoid group.
1965 W. H. Hargreaves & R. J. G. Morrison Pract. Trop. Med. ii. 91 Paratyphoid infections are caused by S[almonella] paratyphosus A., S. paratyphosus B and S. paratyphosus C.
1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) iv. 558 An acetone-killed vaccine..has replaced the use of the formaldehyde-inactivated triple typhoid vaccine (TAB—typhoid plus paratyphoid A and B organisms).
2004 Avian Dis. 48 160 Prior infection of a flock with a non-S. enteritidis paratyphoid Salmonella can reduce S. enteritidis problems that may occur during a molt.
2. Designating disease caused by such organisms, esp. in paratyphoid fever.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > bacterial or viral disorders > [adjective] > bacterial disorders
bacteritic1881
paratyphoid1902
treponemal1913
spirochaetal1916
1902 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 123 977 Paratyphoid fever closely resembles typhoid in its course, temperature curve, and abdominal symptoms.
1929 Lancet 11 May 987 (heading) The paratyphoid outbreak of last summer.
1948 H. R. Morgan in R. J. Dubos Bacterial & Mycotic Infections of Man xvii. 384/2 Salmonella paratyphi is found only in man where it has been described as one cause of paratyphoid fever.
1972 E. W. Hook & W. D. Johnson in P. D. Hoeprich Infectious Dis. lv. 588/2 Members of the genus Salmonella other than S. typhi can produce an illness with all the clinical characteristics of typhoid fever—paratyphoid fever.
1988 Q. N. Myrvik & R. S. Weiser Fund. Med. Bacteriol. & Mycol. (ed. 2) xx. 313 Paratyphoid enteric fever produced by Sal. enteritidis serotypes A, B, and C (paratyphoid group) is similar to but milder than typhoid fever.
1994 Guardian 1 Oct. 29/2 The infectious diseases which the report linked with the flushing of lavatories on to railway tracks include food poisoning; typhoid and paratyphoid fever; bacillary dysentery; anterior poliomyelitis; infective hepatitis; gas gangrene; tetanus and helminthic infections (worms).
B. n.
1. A condition thought to be associated with or to follow typhoid. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
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1900 W. A. N. Dorland Amer. Illustr. Med. Dict. 481/2 Paratyphoid, a diseased condition associated with or following typhoid fever, but not directly caused by it.
2. Paratyphoid fever; paratyphoid infection.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > typhus or typhoid
putrid fever1597
pestilential fever1617
tabardillo1624
synochus1625
Hungaric fever1661
typhus1664
military fever1736
jail distemper1745
hospital fever1750
jail-fever1754
ship-fever1758
typhus fever1780
typhoid fever1789
gastric fever1802
dothinenteritis1826
enteric fever1833
typhoid1837
pythogenic fever1858
thanatotyphus1860
typh fever1861
enteric1872
famine-fever1876
Red River fever1878
laryngo-typhus1888
laryngo-typhoid1896
typh fever1900
paratyphoid1904
1904 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 369 If there is suspicion of para-typhoid (or dysentery) the agglutination of the colonies in question must be investigated with the specific serum of this disease.
1928 Daily Express 3 Aug. 9/5 Para-typhoid is not a dangerous fever.
1965 W. H. Hargreaves & R. J. G. Morrison Pract. Trop. Med. ii. 91 In general paratyphoid A occurs in the tropics whilst B infections are met with more frequently in temperate zones. Paratyphoid C occurs in the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East and the Balkans.
1987 Racing Pigeon Pictorial Apr. 124/1 All birds are given precautionary treatment for worms and paratyphoid before pairing.
2001 N. Jones Rough Guide Trav. Health ii. 310 Three subgroups of the salmonella bacteria cause paratyphoid.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.1898
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