paravailadj.

Brit.

/ˈparəveɪl/, U.S.

/ˈpɛrəˌveɪl/

Forms: 1500s paraual, 1500s–1600s paravaile, 1600s parauaile, 1600s peravale, 1600s peravall, 1600s peravalle, 1700s– paravail.

Origin: A borrowing from Law French. Etymon: Law French paravail.

Etymology: < Law French paravail lower, inferior (14th cent. in Anglo-Norman as paraval down) < par through, by (see per prep.) + aval , à val (adverb and preposition) down (see avale v.). Compare earlier paramount adj.With tenant paravail (compare sense 1) compare:1531 Natura Breuium (new ed.) 80 b Et le seignur paramount destreigne le tenant paravale pour lez seruicez dont [etc.]. The English understanding of a tenant paravail was probably influenced by an erroneous connection with avail n., because the lowest tenant was the person who made a profit or avail from the land; compare:a1634 E. Coke 2nd Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. (1642) 296 The Tenant of the land is called Tenant per availe, because it is presumed, that he hath availe and profit by the land.

as postmodifier: below others in rank; inferior, subordinate.

1. tenant paravail n. a tenant of a tenant, a subtenant; (spec. in English Law from the 16th cent.) the lowest tenant, the person who actually worked or occupied the land. Opposed to paramount adj., n., and adv. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > [noun] > subtenure > from a subtenant

tenant paravail1579

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > by subtenure

subtenant1445

under-tenant1546

tenant paravail1579

underholder1605

arrière tenant1843

1579 J. Stubbs Discouerie Gaping Gulf sig. Diij In respect whereof al other the greatest castelles, honors, and manors, are but mesnalties or rather very messuages and tenancyes paraual.

a1600 R. Hooker Learned Disc. (1612) 47 Let the Pope..no longer count himselfe Lord Paramount over the Princes of the world, no longer hold kings as his servants paravaile.

a1625 H. Finch Law (1636) 156 The Lord grants his seigniory, the Mesne must atturne, and not the tenant parauaile: for the Mesne is Tenant to the Lord.

1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 183 All degrees..from the Lord paramont to the Tenant peravale.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Ovelty An Equality of Services; as when the Tenant Paravail owes as much to the Mesn, as the Mesn does to the Lord Paramount.

1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. v. 60 The king therefore was stiled lord paramount; A was both tenant and lord, or was a mesne lord; and B was called tenant paravail, or the lowest tenant.

1865 E. S. Creasey Rise & Progress Eng. Constit. 73 Many links in the feudal chain might intervene between the original grantor, or lord paramount, and the actual occupant of the soil, who was termed the Tenant Paravail.

1949 T. F. T. Plucknett Legislation Edward I 93 As far as the lord was concerned he had no remedy at all if his tenant in service defaulted, save by distraining the tenant paravail.

1999 B. A. Garner Black's Law Dict. (ed. 7) 1137/1 Paravail..Hist. (Of a tenant) holding of another tenant.

†2. court paravail n. the court below; a lower or inferior court of law. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > inferior court

base courtc1523

lower court1577

court paravaila1653

a1653 J. Taylor Exale-tation of Ale l. 250 in Wks. (1870) ii And though there ly writs, from the Courts Paramount, To stay the proceedings of the Cour[t]s Paravaile.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	paravail
释义	paravailadj. Brit. /ˈparəveɪl/, U.S. /ˈpɛrəˌveɪl/ Forms: 1500s paraual, 1500s–1600s paravaile, 1600s parauaile, 1600s peravale, 1600s peravall, 1600s peravalle, 1700s– paravail. Origin: A borrowing from Law French. Etymon: Law French paravail. Etymology: < Law French paravail lower, inferior (14th cent. in Anglo-Norman as paraval down) < par through, by (see per prep.) + aval , à val (adverb and preposition) down (see avale v.). Compare earlier paramount adj.With tenant paravail (compare sense 1) compare:1531 Natura Breuium (new ed.) 80 b Et le seignur paramount destreigne le tenant paravale pour lez seruicez dont [etc.]. The English understanding of a tenant paravail was probably influenced by an erroneous connection with avail n., because the lowest tenant was the person who made a profit or avail from the land; compare:a1634 E. Coke 2nd Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. (1642) 296 The Tenant of the land is called Tenant per availe, because it is presumed, that he hath availe and profit by the land. as postmodifier: below others in rank; inferior, subordinate. 1. tenant paravail n. a tenant of a tenant, a subtenant; (spec. in English Law from the 16th cent.) the lowest tenant, the person who actually worked or occupied the land. Opposed to paramount adj., n., and adv. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > [noun] > subtenure > from a subtenant tenant paravail1579 society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > by subtenure subtenant1445 under-tenant1546 tenant paravail1579 underholder1605 arrière tenant1843 1579 J. Stubbs Discouerie Gaping Gulf sig. Diij In respect whereof al other the greatest castelles, honors, and manors, are but mesnalties or rather very messuages and tenancyes paraual. a1600 R. Hooker Learned Disc. (1612) 47 Let the Pope..no longer count himselfe Lord Paramount over the Princes of the world, no longer hold kings as his servants paravaile. a1625 H. Finch Law (1636) 156 The Lord grants his seigniory, the Mesne must atturne, and not the tenant parauaile: for the Mesne is Tenant to the Lord. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 183 All degrees..from the Lord paramont to the Tenant peravale. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Ovelty An Equality of Services; as when the Tenant Paravail owes as much to the Mesn, as the Mesn does to the Lord Paramount. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. v. 60 The king therefore was stiled lord paramount; A was both tenant and lord, or was a mesne lord; and B was called tenant paravail, or the lowest tenant. 1865 E. S. Creasey Rise & Progress Eng. Constit. 73 Many links in the feudal chain might intervene between the original grantor, or lord paramount, and the actual occupant of the soil, who was termed the Tenant Paravail. 1949 T. F. T. Plucknett Legislation Edward I 93 As far as the lord was concerned he had no remedy at all if his tenant in service defaulted, save by distraining the tenant paravail. 1999 B. A. Garner Black's Law Dict. (ed. 7) 1137/1 Paravail..Hist. (Of a tenant) holding of another tenant. †2. court paravail n. the court below; a lower or inferior court of law. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > inferior court base courtc1523 lower court1577 court paravaila1653 a1653 J. Taylor Exale-tation of Ale l. 250 in Wks. (1870) ii And though there ly writs, from the Courts Paramount, To stay the proceedings of the Cour[t]s Paravaile. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1579
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