parchn.¹

Brit.

/pɑːtʃ/, U.S.

/pɑrtʃ/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: parch v.

Etymology: < parch v.

†1. to make parch of: to lay waste, ravage. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Merlin (1932) III. l. 16788 Gret los hit was..to the kyng of streyte march, jn hos lond they maden many a parch of kornes, of howsyng, & of oþer good; they leften non that hem withstood.

2. The action of parching; the condition of being parched.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > dryness > [noun] > action or condition of parching

parchingness1727

parch1870

parching1898

1870 A. D. T. Whitney We Girls xi. 184 The summer had not gone... Only the parch and the blaze were over.

1900 S. Phillips Paolo & Francesca ii. ii I love not, I, the long road and the march, With the chink, chink, chinking, and the parch.

Compounds

parch mark n. Archaeology a localized discoloration of the ground over the buried remains of a building, etc., visible in dry weather.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > marking > a mark > trace or vestige > [noun] > other traces or vestiges

staddle1691

Indian sign1805

geological record1811

powder mark1823

earmark1836

rock record1851

tool-mark1865

staddle-stead1868

staddle-mark1876

waterline1876

posthole1888

tooth-mark1889

pollen count1926

snake mark1929

parch mark1947

tranchet blow1949

posthole pattern1950

posthole evidence1962

1947 Antiquity 21 82 The crop's growth had not improved matters, and curiously enough there did not seem to be any ‘parch-marks’.

1977 Times 19 Sept. 3/2 The latest discovery emerged partly through last summer's drought. Parch marks on the ground disclosed regular lines of Roman trench work.

1992 Oxfordshire Bull. Nov. 2/3 A series of three..farmsteads survives as slight earthworks and parchmarks on Port Meadow.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

parchn.²

Brit.

/pɑːk/,

/pɑːx/, U.S.

/pɑrk/, Welsh English

/pa(r)x/

Origin: A borrowing from Welsh. Etymon: Welsh Parch.

Etymology: < Welsh Parch Reverend (1846) < parch. , graphic abbreviation for parchedig worthy of respect (c1300) < parch respect, reverence (first half of the 13th cent.; < classical Latin parcere to be considerate, to refrain, to act sparingly: see parcity n.) + -edig ( < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin -āticus -atic suffix). Compare Rev. n.¹Not fully naturalized in English.

rare. Welsh English.

In the writings of Dylan Thomas: a clergyman.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > [noun]

God's maneOE

priestOE

clerkc1050

secularc1290

vicary1303

minister1340

divinec1380

man of Godc1384

kirkmana1400

man of the churchc1400

cockc1405

Ecclesiastc1405

spiritual1441

ministrator1450

abbé1530

reverend1547

churchman1549

tippet-captain?1550

tippet knight1551

tippet man1551

public minister1564

reading minister1572

clergyman1577

clerk1577

padre1584

minstrel1586

spiritual1600

cleric1623

cassock1628

Levite1640

gownsman1641

teaching elder1642

ecclesiastic1651

religionist1651

crape1682

crape-gown-man1682

man in black1692

soul driver1699

secularist1716

autem jet1737

liturge1737

officiant1740

snub-devil1785

soul doctor1785

officiator1801

umfundisi1825

crape-man1826

clerical1837

God-man1842

Pfarrer1844

liturgist1848

white-choker1851

rook1859

shovel hat1859

sky pilot1865

ecclesiastical1883

joss-pidgin-man1886

josser1887

sin-shiftera1912

sin-buster1931

parch1944

1944 D. Thomas Let. 21 Sept. in Sel. Lett. (1966) 267 Hearing rise slimy from the Welsh lechered Caves the cries of parchs and their flocks.

a1953 D. Thomas Under Milk Wood (1954) 20 A beer-tent black with parchs.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

parchv.

Brit.

/pɑːtʃ/, U.S.

/pɑrtʃ/

Forms: Middle English–1600s parche, late Middle English– parch, 1500s partch, 1500s partche, 1500s perch, 1600s parrch, 1600s pearch. N.E.D. (1904) also records a form Middle English perch.

Origin: Of unknown origin.

Etymology: Origin unknown.A suggested derivation < an Anglo-Norman or Middle French variant of percer pierce v. (compare French regional (Picardy) percher ) is not tenable on semantic grounds. An alternative suggestion involves a derivation < post-classical Latin persiccare to dry thoroughly (5th cent.; < classical Latin per- per- prefix + siccāre siccate v.; compare classical Latin persiccus very dry; compare French †parseicher ); but the absence of any evidence for a Middle French intermediary presents considerable difficulties. Parch has also been suggested to be < perish v. or its French etymon, with a phonological development similar to that of nursh v. Earlier currency is suggested by the surname Alan Parchehare (1246–7).

1. transitive. To dry (esp. a foodstuff) by exposure to intense heat; to lightly roast or toast (corn, peas, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > dryness > dry [verb (transitive)] > by exposure to heat

parcha1382

air1539

torrefy1601

fire1825

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > subject or expose to heat or fire [verb (transitive)]

parcha1382

air1539

fire1549

braze1581

concoct1607

assate1657

burn1669

neal1672

grilly1678

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Lev. ii. 14 Ȝif, forsoþe, þou shalt offre..erys ȝut grene, þou shalt parche [L. torrebis] hit wiþ fuyr & breke in maner of brysde corn.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 242^v Saracyns doþ peper in to an ouen whanne it is newe y-gadered, and parcheþ [L. torrent] & rosteþ it.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 382 Paarche pecyn, or benys, frigo.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 652/2 I parche pesyn, as folkes use in lent.

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. F4 To make the sooles stiffe, and harde, they must be parched before the fire.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xviii. vii After they haue pearched them all well, they blend them together and grind them in a quern.

1693 T. P. Blount Nat. Hist. 115 The Goodness of Coffee chiefly consists in an exact way of Parching and managing the Berries.

1769 J. Skeat Art of Cookery Expl. Terms To parch fish; Is passing them through lard in a frying-pan, to preserve them whole in stewing.

1853 A. Soyer Pantropheon 41 Dry, near the fire or in the oven,..barley flour, then parch it.

1900 Daily News 4 May 5/4 Parching the oats, as is done in some parts of Scotland.

1974 S. E. Morison European Discov. Amer.: Southern Voy. xxi. 522 Once ashore, they managed to light a fire and parch corn.

2001 Oxoniensia 65 342 This assemblage probably resulted from the accidental burning of either stored grain or grain that was being parched to harden it prior to milling.

a. transitive. Esp. of the action of the sun, fever, thirst, etc.: to dry to extremity; to make dry and hot; to deprive of water; to scorch. Also with up.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > dryness > dry [verb (transitive)] > parch

adust?a1425

parcha1450

beparch1586

frizz1891

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > subject or expose to heat or fire [verb (transitive)] > damage or injure by heat or fire > parch

parcha1450

a1450 Quixley's Ballades in Yorks. Archæol. Jrnl. (1909) 20 44 (MED) Hercules..Of a venymed schert was foul deseyne, And brent hym self, parched euery veyne.

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. ii. 30 The earth beyng more parched by the heate of the sonne,..ceased to bring furthe any mo greate beastes.

1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 90 Thirst parcheth them.

1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 90 The feuer parcheth him.

1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ i. xxiii. 45 Those Rayes..scorch and parch this chinky gaping soyl.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 33 Parch'd are the Plains, and frying is the Field.

1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 126 To hinder the..extream Heats of Summer from parching them up.

1780 Farmer's Mag. Aug. 238 Burning winds..parch up the plants, which the heat only faded.

1818 M. W. Shelley Frankenstein III. vi. 122 I was exhausted: a film covered my eyes, and my skin was parched with the heat of fever.

1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 50/2 When the soil is parched up the appearance of the mirage (seráb) is very common.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXIII. 481/2 It is very wind-swept and parched in summer by the terrible south wind (qibli or ‘sirocco’).

1997 C. B. Divakaruni Mistress of Spices 7 That day when heat parched the cracked paddy fields.

b. transitive. Chiefly poetic. To dry, shrivel, or wither with cold.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > make cold [verb (transitive)] > shrivel with cold

parch1574

the world > matter > liquid > dryness > dry [verb (transitive)] > parch > with cold

parch1574

scorch1607

1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 89 Parcheth. Adurit solis calor, adurit etiam frigus.

1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 90 They suffer themselfs to be bitten or parched in the colde hilles. Pernoctant venatores in niue, in montibus vri se patiuntur.

1793 R. Southey Triumph of Woman 6 Who..felt the storm Of the bleak winter parch his shivering form.

1888 A. C. Swinburne March in 19th Cent. Mar. 320 The live woods feel not the frost's flame parch.

1991 E. Barker O Caledonia (1992) v. 52 Leafless, the beeches and ashes shivered; the grass was parched with cold.

3. intransitive. To become very dry and hot; to shrivel up with heat; to roast.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > dryness > become dry [verb (intransitive)] > become parched

scorkenc1175

adure?1440

parch1530

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > be subjected or exposed to heat or fire [verb (intransitive)] > suffer damage or injury by heat or fire > be parched

parch1530

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 653/2 I partche by heate of the sonne, or the fyre, je me retire.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. iii. 363 It were better parrch in Afrique Sunne.

1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. ii. 162 New coffee will never parch or mix well.

1821 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 17 Nov. 1206 The grass never parches upon these downs.

1877 W. Black Green Pastures (1878) xx. 160 He would sooner parch with thirst.

1971 R. Moisés et al. Tall Candle iii. 43 Part of the corn would pop and the rest would parch.

2002 C. Slaughter Before Knife iii. 38 When you've been out in the middle of the desert for an hour or so, your skin and hair turn stiff with dust; your mouth and lips parch and crack.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

n.¹a1450

n.²1944

v.a1382

单词	parch
释义	parchn.¹ Brit. /pɑːtʃ/, U.S. /pɑrtʃ/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: parch v. Etymology: < parch v. †1. to make parch of: to lay waste, ravage. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Merlin (1932) III. l. 16788 Gret los hit was..to the kyng of streyte march, jn hos lond they maden many a parch of kornes, of howsyng, & of oþer good; they leften non that hem withstood. 2. The action of parching; the condition of being parched. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > dryness > [noun] > action or condition of parching parchingness1727 parch1870 parching1898 1870 A. D. T. Whitney We Girls xi. 184 The summer had not gone... Only the parch and the blaze were over. 1900 S. Phillips Paolo & Francesca ii. ii I love not, I, the long road and the march, With the chink, chink, chinking, and the parch. Compounds parch mark n. Archaeology a localized discoloration of the ground over the buried remains of a building, etc., visible in dry weather. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > marking > a mark > trace or vestige > [noun] > other traces or vestiges staddle1691 Indian sign1805 geological record1811 powder mark1823 earmark1836 rock record1851 tool-mark1865 staddle-stead1868 staddle-mark1876 waterline1876 posthole1888 tooth-mark1889 pollen count1926 snake mark1929 parch mark1947 tranchet blow1949 posthole pattern1950 posthole evidence1962 1947 Antiquity 21 82 The crop's growth had not improved matters, and curiously enough there did not seem to be any ‘parch-marks’. 1977 Times 19 Sept. 3/2 The latest discovery emerged partly through last summer's drought. Parch marks on the ground disclosed regular lines of Roman trench work. 1992 Oxfordshire Bull. Nov. 2/3 A series of three..farmsteads survives as slight earthworks and parchmarks on Port Meadow. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). parchn.² Brit. /pɑːk/, /pɑːx/, U.S. /pɑrk/, Welsh English /pa(r)x/ Origin: A borrowing from Welsh. Etymon: Welsh Parch. Etymology: < Welsh Parch Reverend (1846) < parch. , graphic abbreviation for parchedig worthy of respect (c1300) < parch respect, reverence (first half of the 13th cent.; < classical Latin parcere to be considerate, to refrain, to act sparingly: see parcity n.) + -edig ( < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin -āticus -atic suffix). Compare Rev. n.¹Not fully naturalized in English. rare. Welsh English. In the writings of Dylan Thomas: a clergyman. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > [noun] God's maneOE priestOE clerkc1050 secularc1290 vicary1303 minister1340 divinec1380 man of Godc1384 kirkmana1400 man of the churchc1400 cockc1405 Ecclesiastc1405 spiritual1441 ministrator1450 abbé1530 reverend1547 churchman1549 tippet-captain?1550 tippet knight1551 tippet man1551 public minister1564 reading minister1572 clergyman1577 clerk1577 padre1584 minstrel1586 spiritual1600 cleric1623 cassock1628 Levite1640 gownsman1641 teaching elder1642 ecclesiastic1651 religionist1651 crape1682 crape-gown-man1682 man in black1692 soul driver1699 secularist1716 autem jet1737 liturge1737 officiant1740 snub-devil1785 soul doctor1785 officiator1801 umfundisi1825 crape-man1826 clerical1837 God-man1842 Pfarrer1844 liturgist1848 white-choker1851 rook1859 shovel hat1859 sky pilot1865 ecclesiastical1883 joss-pidgin-man1886 josser1887 sin-shiftera1912 sin-buster1931 parch1944 1944 D. Thomas Let. 21 Sept. in Sel. Lett. (1966) 267 Hearing rise slimy from the Welsh lechered Caves the cries of parchs and their flocks. a1953 D. Thomas Under Milk Wood (1954) 20 A beer-tent black with parchs. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). parchv. Brit. /pɑːtʃ/, U.S. /pɑrtʃ/ Forms: Middle English–1600s parche, late Middle English– parch, 1500s partch, 1500s partche, 1500s perch, 1600s parrch, 1600s pearch. N.E.D. (1904) also records a form Middle English perch. Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown.A suggested derivation < an Anglo-Norman or Middle French variant of percer pierce v. (compare French regional (Picardy) percher ) is not tenable on semantic grounds. An alternative suggestion involves a derivation < post-classical Latin persiccare to dry thoroughly (5th cent.; < classical Latin per- per- prefix + siccāre siccate v.; compare classical Latin persiccus very dry; compare French †parseicher ); but the absence of any evidence for a Middle French intermediary presents considerable difficulties. Parch has also been suggested to be < perish v. or its French etymon, with a phonological development similar to that of nursh v. Earlier currency is suggested by the surname Alan Parchehare (1246–7). 1. transitive. To dry (esp. a foodstuff) by exposure to intense heat; to lightly roast or toast (corn, peas, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > dryness > dry [verb (transitive)] > by exposure to heat parcha1382 air1539 torrefy1601 fire1825 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > subject or expose to heat or fire [verb (transitive)] parcha1382 air1539 fire1549 braze1581 concoct1607 assate1657 burn1669 neal1672 grilly1678 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Lev. ii. 14 Ȝif, forsoþe, þou shalt offre..erys ȝut grene, þou shalt parche [L. torrebis] hit wiþ fuyr & breke in maner of brysde corn. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 242^v Saracyns doþ peper in to an ouen whanne it is newe y-gadered, and parcheþ [L. torrent] & rosteþ it. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 382 Paarche pecyn, or benys, frigo. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 652/2 I parche pesyn, as folkes use in lent. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. F4 To make the sooles stiffe, and harde, they must be parched before the fire. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xviii. vii After they haue pearched them all well, they blend them together and grind them in a quern. 1693 T. P. Blount Nat. Hist. 115 The Goodness of Coffee chiefly consists in an exact way of Parching and managing the Berries. 1769 J. Skeat Art of Cookery Expl. Terms To parch fish; Is passing them through lard in a frying-pan, to preserve them whole in stewing. 1853 A. Soyer Pantropheon 41 Dry, near the fire or in the oven,..barley flour, then parch it. 1900 Daily News 4 May 5/4 Parching the oats, as is done in some parts of Scotland. 1974 S. E. Morison European Discov. Amer.: Southern Voy. xxi. 522 Once ashore, they managed to light a fire and parch corn. 2001 Oxoniensia 65 342 This assemblage probably resulted from the accidental burning of either stored grain or grain that was being parched to harden it prior to milling. 2. a. transitive. Esp. of the action of the sun, fever, thirst, etc.: to dry to extremity; to make dry and hot; to deprive of water; to scorch. Also with up. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > dryness > dry [verb (transitive)] > parch adust?a1425 parcha1450 beparch1586 frizz1891 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > subject or expose to heat or fire [verb (transitive)] > damage or injure by heat or fire > parch parcha1450 a1450 Quixley's Ballades in Yorks. Archæol. Jrnl. (1909) 20 44 (MED) Hercules..Of a venymed schert was foul deseyne, And brent hym self, parched euery veyne. 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. ii. 30 The earth beyng more parched by the heate of the sonne,..ceased to bring furthe any mo greate beastes. 1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 90 Thirst parcheth them. 1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 90 The feuer parcheth him. 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ i. xxiii. 45 Those Rayes..scorch and parch this chinky gaping soyl. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 33 Parch'd are the Plains, and frying is the Field. 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 126 To hinder the..extream Heats of Summer from parching them up. 1780 Farmer's Mag. Aug. 238 Burning winds..parch up the plants, which the heat only faded. 1818 M. W. Shelley Frankenstein III. vi. 122 I was exhausted: a film covered my eyes, and my skin was parched with the heat of fever. 1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 50/2 When the soil is parched up the appearance of the mirage (seráb) is very common. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXIII. 481/2 It is very wind-swept and parched in summer by the terrible south wind (qibli or ‘sirocco’). 1997 C. B. Divakaruni Mistress of Spices 7 That day when heat parched the cracked paddy fields. b. transitive. Chiefly poetic. To dry, shrivel, or wither with cold. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > make cold [verb (transitive)] > shrivel with cold parch1574 the world > matter > liquid > dryness > dry [verb (transitive)] > parch > with cold parch1574 scorch1607 1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 89 Parcheth. Adurit solis calor, adurit etiam frigus. 1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 90 They suffer themselfs to be bitten or parched in the colde hilles. Pernoctant venatores in niue, in montibus vri se patiuntur. 1793 R. Southey Triumph of Woman 6 Who..felt the storm Of the bleak winter parch his shivering form. 1888 A. C. Swinburne March in 19th Cent. Mar. 320 The live woods feel not the frost's flame parch. 1991 E. Barker O Caledonia (1992) v. 52 Leafless, the beeches and ashes shivered; the grass was parched with cold. 3. intransitive. To become very dry and hot; to shrivel up with heat; to roast. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > dryness > become dry [verb (intransitive)] > become parched scorkenc1175 adure?1440 parch1530 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > be subjected or exposed to heat or fire [verb (intransitive)] > suffer damage or injury by heat or fire > be parched parch1530 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 653/2 I partche by heate of the sonne, or the fyre, je me retire. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. iii. 363 It were better parrch in Afrique Sunne. 1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. ii. 162 New coffee will never parch or mix well. 1821 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 17 Nov. 1206 The grass never parches upon these downs. 1877 W. Black Green Pastures (1878) xx. 160 He would sooner parch with thirst. 1971 R. Moisés et al. Tall Candle iii. 43 Part of the corn would pop and the rest would parch. 2002 C. Slaughter Before Knife iii. 38 When you've been out in the middle of the desert for an hour or so, your skin and hair turn stiff with dust; your mouth and lips parch and crack. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹a1450n.²1944v.a1382
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parchn.1

Compounds

parchn.2

parchv.

parchn.¹

parchn.²