Pashtunn.adj.

Brit.

/paʃˈtuːn/,

/pʌʃˈtuːn/, U.S.

/pɑʃˈtun/

Inflections: Plural Pashtuns, unchanged.

Forms: 1800s Pashtan, 1800s Pashtanes (plural), 1800s Pooshtauneh (plural), 1800s Pooshtoon, 1800s Pushtanah (plural), 1800s– Pushtun, 1900s– Pashtoon, 1900s– Pashtun, 1900s– Pushtoon.

Origin: A borrowing from Pashto. Etymon: Pashto pax̌tun.

Etymology: Representing Pashto regional (southern) pronunciation of Pashto pax̌tun (see etymological note at Pashto adj. and n.) < the same unattested Old Iranian base as pax̌to Pashto adj. and n. Compare earlier Pathan n. Compare also Pakhtun adj. and n.The forms Pooshtauneh and Pushtanah are after the Pashto masculine plural form pax̌tānə.

A. n.

1. A speaker of Pashto; a Pakhtun or Pathan. Also more generally: an Afghan.

ΚΠ

1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul ii. i. 151 Their own name for their nation is Pooshtoon; in the plural, Pooshtauneh. The Berdooraunees pronounce this word Pookhtauneh.

1887 Science 21 Nov. 195/2 The Afghans (Afghan is their Persian name; their Indian name is Pathan; their national name, Pukhtun or Pushtun) are divided into three independent groups.

1908 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics I. 158/2 The Afghans themselves prefer the designation Pushtūn or Pukhtūn, older form Pashtūn, Pakhtūn (whence their Indian name Pathān).

1967 H. L. Amoss in C. H. Riley & W. W. Taylor Amer. Hist. Anthropol. ii. 25 The upper end of the valley..illustrates this presumed order of appearance in this area of three groups, Hazara, Tadjiks and Pashtuns.

1992 Economist 14 Mar. 71/3 The soldiers and the local militia that support the government are Uzbeks and Tajiks. The general is a Pashtun.

2. The language of the Pathans; = Pashto n., Pakhto n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > east Scythian > Pashto

push?1560

Pakhto1784

Afghani1826

Afghan1933

Pashto1964

Pashtun1973

1973 Pakistan Forum 3 26/2 The maps of Greater Pashtunistan that hang in the offices of Kabul include an access to the sea, which means inclusion not only of the Pashtun-speaking areas of Baluchistan but a substantial cut into the Baluchi-speaking areas as well.

1985 Dept. State Bull. (Nexis) Jan. (South Asia section) 43 Khalqis tend to be of lower class, rural, Pashtun-speaking background.

2003 Sunday Express (Nexis) 23 Mar. 61 Is it really part of CIA training to pick up a strange girl in a bar? Shouldn't they be learning how to speak Pashtun instead?

B. adj.

Of, relating to, or designating the Pathans or their language; Pakhtun, Afghan.

ΚΠ

1959 Bull. School Oriental & Afr. Stud. 22 235 A meeting of Pashtun scholars and writers from both Afghanistan and Pakistan..proposed a number of standardizations in the use of the present alphabet.

1964 Times 19 Oct. 13/7 Sardar Daoud reached outside the Pushtun ethnic group for Cabinet Ministers and advisers.

1989 tr. Voroshilov Lect. I. Pref. p. xviii The Dari text was sometimes supplemented by Russian..with words from the Pashtun language being added for further clarification.

1999 J. Elliot Unexpected Light (2000) 8 I can never forget the Pushtun fighter..who showed me three olive-shaped scars from Russian bullets.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pashtun
释义	Pashtunn.adj. Brit. /paʃˈtuːn/, /pʌʃˈtuːn/, U.S. /pɑʃˈtun/ Inflections: Plural Pashtuns, unchanged. Forms: 1800s Pashtan, 1800s Pashtanes (plural), 1800s Pooshtauneh (plural), 1800s Pooshtoon, 1800s Pushtanah (plural), 1800s– Pushtun, 1900s– Pashtoon, 1900s– Pashtun, 1900s– Pushtoon. Origin: A borrowing from Pashto. Etymon: Pashto pax̌tun. Etymology: Representing Pashto regional (southern) pronunciation of Pashto pax̌tun (see etymological note at Pashto adj. and n.) < the same unattested Old Iranian base as pax̌to Pashto adj. and n. Compare earlier Pathan n. Compare also Pakhtun adj. and n.The forms Pooshtauneh and Pushtanah are after the Pashto masculine plural form pax̌tānə. A. n. 1. A speaker of Pashto; a Pakhtun or Pathan. Also more generally: an Afghan. ΚΠ 1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul ii. i. 151 Their own name for their nation is Pooshtoon; in the plural, Pooshtauneh. The Berdooraunees pronounce this word Pookhtauneh. 1887 Science 21 Nov. 195/2 The Afghans (Afghan is their Persian name; their Indian name is Pathan; their national name, Pukhtun or Pushtun) are divided into three independent groups. 1908 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics I. 158/2 The Afghans themselves prefer the designation Pushtūn or Pukhtūn, older form Pashtūn, Pakhtūn (whence their Indian name Pathān). 1967 H. L. Amoss in C. H. Riley & W. W. Taylor Amer. Hist. Anthropol. ii. 25 The upper end of the valley..illustrates this presumed order of appearance in this area of three groups, Hazara, Tadjiks and Pashtuns. 1992 Economist 14 Mar. 71/3 The soldiers and the local militia that support the government are Uzbeks and Tajiks. The general is a Pashtun. 2. The language of the Pathans; = Pashto n., Pakhto n. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > east Scythian > Pashto push?1560 Pakhto1784 Afghani1826 Afghan1933 Pashto1964 Pashtun1973 1973 Pakistan Forum 3 26/2 The maps of Greater Pashtunistan that hang in the offices of Kabul include an access to the sea, which means inclusion not only of the Pashtun-speaking areas of Baluchistan but a substantial cut into the Baluchi-speaking areas as well. 1985 Dept. State Bull. (Nexis) Jan. (South Asia section) 43 Khalqis tend to be of lower class, rural, Pashtun-speaking background. 2003 Sunday Express (Nexis) 23 Mar. 61 Is it really part of CIA training to pick up a strange girl in a bar? Shouldn't they be learning how to speak Pashtun instead? B. adj. Of, relating to, or designating the Pathans or their language; Pakhtun, Afghan. ΚΠ 1959 Bull. School Oriental & Afr. Stud. 22 235 A meeting of Pashtun scholars and writers from both Afghanistan and Pakistan..proposed a number of standardizations in the use of the present alphabet. 1964 Times 19 Oct. 13/7 Sardar Daoud reached outside the Pushtun ethnic group for Cabinet Ministers and advisers. 1989 tr. Voroshilov Lect. I. Pref. p. xviii The Dari text was sometimes supplemented by Russian..with words from the Pashtun language being added for further clarification. 1999 J. Elliot Unexpected Light (2000) 8 I can never forget the Pushtun fighter..who showed me three olive-shaped scars from Russian bullets. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1815
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