单词 | parel |
释义 | † pareln. Obsolete. I. Physical uses. 1. A body of troops; a martial array. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [noun] > army in battle array battle1330 parelc1330 purveyancec1330 battalion1589 battaliaa1616 c1330 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Auch.) 74 in Englische Studien (1885) 8 118 (MED) To see richardes galaye seyl, His minstrels & his riche parayl. a1450–1509 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (A-version) (1913) 1652 (MED) Hys knyȝtes weren dyȝt al redy..Kyng Richard wente wiþ his parayle. 1511–12 Act 3 Hen. VIII c. 3 Preamble Much partey of the cominalte and parell of the Realme..be not of power nor abilitie to bye theym longbowes. 2. a. Clothing, attire; personal outfit; = apparel n. 5. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun] clothesc888 hattersOE shroudc1000 weedOE shrouda1122 clothc1175 hatteringa1200 atourc1220 back-clout?c1225 habit?c1225 clothingc1275 cleadinga1300 dubbinga1300 shroudinga1300 attirec1300 coverturec1300 suitc1325 apparel1330 buskingc1330 farec1330 harness1340 tire1340 backs1341 geara1350 apparelmentc1374 attiringa1375 vesturec1385 heelinga1387 vestmentc1386 arraya1400 graitha1400 livery1399 tirementa1400 warnementa1400 arrayment1400 parelc1400 werlec1400 raiment?a1425 robinga1450 rayc1450 implements1454 willokc1460 habiliment1470 emparelc1475 atourement1481 indumenta1513 reparel1521 wearing gear1542 revesture1548 claesc1550 case1559 attirement1566 furniture1566 investuring1566 apparelling1567 dud1567 hilback1573 wear1576 dress1586 enfolding1586 caparison1589 plight1590 address1592 ward-ware1598 garnish1600 investments1600 ditement1603 dressing1603 waith1603 thing1605 vestry1606 garb1608 outwall1608 accoutrementa1610 wearing apparel1617 coutrement1621 vestament1632 vestiment1637 equipage1645 cask1646 aguise1647 back-timbera1656 investiture1660 rigging1664 drapery1686 vest1694 plumage1707 bussingc1712 hull1718 paraphernalia1736 togs1779 body clothing1802 slough1808 toggery1812 traps1813 garniture1827 body-clothes1828 garmenture1832 costume1838 fig1839 outfit1840 vestiture1841 outer womana1845 outward man1846 vestiary1846 rag1855 drag1870 clo'1874 parapherna1876 clobber1879 threads1926 mocker1939 schmatte1959 vine1959 kit1989 c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xi. 228 Cleophas ne knewe hym nauȝte þat he cryste were, For his pore paraille [v.rr. apparaille, apparalle] and pylgrymes wedes..In þe apparaille [v.r. paraile; c1400 C text a-paraile] of a pore man and pilgrymes lyknesse. a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) 2614 (MED) Vppon her stede whan she was sette, Hyr paraylle All of one hewe. a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) iv. sig. Eiii A shining parel..of Tirian purple. 1620 Inventory in Essex Rev. (1907) 16 206 His purs and waringe parell, ijli. 1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 13 Fling all his old parrell after him. 1658 J. Mennes & J. Smith Wit Restor'd 167 Chill put on my zunday parrell That's lac't about the quarters. b. Apparatus, outfit, appurtenances; furniture; tackle. Cf. apparel n. 2, 3. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > [noun] apparelc1420 parela1450 reparation1464 reparelling1513 furniture1573 upholstery1649 plenishment1664 fittinga1817 furnishings1858 upholstering1896 the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > that which is supplied > that with which anything is equipped > equipment or accoutrements ornament?c1225 i-wendea1250 atil1297 tacklea1325 apparel1330 conreyc1330 farec1330 tirec1330 apparementc1340 apparelmentc1374 graithc1375 appurtenancec1386 geara1400 warnementa1400 stuff1406 parelling?a1440 farrements1440 stuffurec1440 skippeson1444 harnessa1450 parela1450 implements1454 reparel1466 ordinance1475 habiliments1483 ornation1483 muniments1485 mountures1489 outred1489 accomplement?c1525 trinketc1525 garnishing1530 garniture1532 accoutrementsc1550 furniments1553 tackling1558 instrument1563 ordinara1578 appointment?1578 outreiking1584 appoint1592 dighting1598 outreik1598 apparate?c1600 accomplishment1605 attirail1611 coutrement1621 apparatusa1628 equipage1648 thing1662 equipment1717 paraphernalia1736 tack1777 outfit1787 fittinga1817 fixing1820 set-out1831 rigging1837 fixture1854 parapherna1876 clobber1890 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > equipment for any action or undertaking ornament?c1225 i-wendea1250 atil1297 tacklea1325 apparel1330 conreyc1330 farec1330 tirec1330 apparementc1340 apparelmentc1374 graithc1375 appurtenancec1386 geara1400 warnementa1400 stuff1406 parelling?a1440 farrements1440 stuffurec1440 skippeson1444 harnessa1450 parela1450 implements1454 reparel1466 ordinance1475 habiliments1483 ornation1483 muniments1485 outred1489 trinketc1525 garnishing1530 garniture1532 accoutrementsc1550 furniments1553 tackling1558 instrument1563 ordinara1578 appointment?1578 outreiking1584 supellectile1584 appoint1592 dighting1598 outreik1598 materialsa1600 apparate?c1600 attirail1611 coutrement1621 apparatusa1628 outrig1639 equipage1648 thing1662 equipment1717 paraphernalia1736 fixture1767 tack1777 outfit1787 fittinga1817 fixing1820 matériel1821 set-out1831 rigging1837 parapherna1876 clobber1890 a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) 1794 Þis chapelle..Wt alle þe pareylle þat longede þerto. a1500 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Adv.) in W. B. D. D. Turnbull Visions of Tundale (1843) 114 Or of hur bed was ther any perayle Of gold or sylke curteyned large abowt. 1526 in L. M. Munby Life & Death in King's Langley (1981) 6 The fetherbedde..with the parellis therto belongying. 1532 in F. W. Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 120 All the parell belongyn to the plowe. 3. A chimney piece; a mantelpiece. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > wallcovering > [noun] > ornamental chimney-piece parel1528 mantel1532 chimneya1552 manteltree1572 mantelpiece1660 chimney-piece1680 mantelling1861 1528 in L. F. Salzman Building in Eng. (1992) v. 101 Parelles of chymneys redy wroght. 1532–3 in J. Bayley Hist. Tower London (1821) I. App. Pt. i. xxix The settyng of vij. new parells in vij. chymneys..ev'y parell' v. fote in wydnes. 1541 in J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices (modernized text) III. 571/2 (Dartford) Parells of stone for chimneys. 1845 J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 4) I. 273 Parrell,..a chimney-piece; a set of dressings or ornaments for a fire-place. 4. A preparation of eggs, etc., put into wine to clarify it. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > wine-making > [noun] > treatment or adulteration > substances parel1594 yeso1619 sweetsa1679 Harry1699 forcing?1734 geropiga1852 liqueur1872 gum1888 1594 H. Plat Jewell House 66 Which parrell for the most part in one night will cause them [sc. the wines] to fine. 1669 W. Charleton Mysterie of Vintners in Two Disc. 174 The same Parell serves also for White Wines upon the Frett. 1669 W. Charleton Mysterie of Vintners in Two Disc. 179 They make a Parell of burn'd Alum, bay Salt, and conduit Water. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Parell, Whites of Eggs, Bay-Salt, Milk and Conduit-Water beat together, and poured into a Vessel of Wine..in order to Fine it. II. Abstract uses. 5. Quality (of stature, character, or composition). Esp. in high of pareil. Cf. apparel n. 6. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] onseneeOE bleea1000 shapeOE ylikeOE laitc1175 semblanta1225 sightc1275 fare1297 showingc1300 specea1325 parelc1330 guise1340 countenance1362 semblance?a1366 apparel1377 regardc1380 apparencec1384 imagec1384 spicec1384 overseeminga1398 kenninga1400 seemingc1400 visage1422 rinda1450 semenauntc1450 'pearance1456 outwardc1475 representation1489 favour?a1500 figurea1522 assemblant1523 prospect?1533 respect1535 visure1545 perceiverance1546 outwardshine1549 view1556 species1559 utter-shape1566 look1567 physiognomy1567 face1572 paintry1573 visor1575 mienc1586 superficies?1589 behaviour1590 aspect1594 complexion1597 confrontment1604 show1604 aira1616 beseeminga1616 formality1615 resemblancea1616 blush1620 upcomea1630 presentment1637 scheme1655 sensation1662 visibility1669 plumage1707 facies1727 remark1748 extrinsica1797 exterior1801 showance1820 the cut of one's jib1823 personnel1839 personal appearance1842 what-like1853 look-see1898 outwall1933 visuality1938 prosopon1947 c1330 Roland & Vernagu (Auch.) (1882) 196 (MED) Þer were mani strong gines, & fele þousand of sarazines Swiþe heyȝe of parail. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 1038 So be thei bothe of o parail; But on the wombe of Gemini Ben fyve sterres [etc]. c1400 Life St. Alexius (Laud 622) (1878) 165 To þe chirche of seint Bonefas Wiþ þis maiden þai token þe pas, Þat heiȝe was of paraile. c1400 Life St. Alexius (Laud 622) (1878) 810 (MED) Whan he had his lijf ywrite, he hidde..his book of gode paraile. 1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. H The ruddier wines of the same parell are more nouryshyng than white. 6. Preparation; preparedness; = apparel n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [noun] yarkingc1000 forgraithinga1300 apparellingc1315 ordinancec1330 purveyancec1330 graithinga1340 purveying1340 providencea1382 making readyc1384 preparationa1393 paring1393 provisiona1398 parelc1425 apparelc1430 parelling?a1440 ablingc1450 munition1480 preparing1497 arraya1500 readyinga1500 repurveancea1500 ordaining1509 apparation1533 preparementa1538 apprest1539 preparaturea1540 preparance1543 order1545 apparance1546 prepare1548 fore-preparationa1586 ettlingc1600 apparelment1607 parationa1617 comparation1623 address1633 apparatus1638 prep1920 c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 17501 (MED) We schal come on suche parayle, That..Off his purpos schal he be rent. ?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 231 Jewgys þat knowyth þe parayl..þis matere to Amende. 7. Ornament, decoration; spec. = apparel n. 7b. Cf. parure n. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > [noun] > ornamentation or decoration atiffement1330 agraithing1340 apparela1375 anornamenta1382 adubmentc1400 dubmentc1400 anourement?1403 honourment1442 honestnessa1450 quaintisingc1450 ornaturea1475 adorning1495 furnish1500 accomplement?c1525 decking1531 habilimenta1533 parelc1540 exornation1548 garnishment1550 attirement1566 beautifyings1574 pranking1580 trinklement1582 decoration1584 decorement1587 trapping1596 trim1598 garnish1615 vinetry1622 polition1623 trickmenta1625 deckage1642 decor1656 garniture1685 buskrya1687 ornamentation1706 broidery1782 dizenment1864 necking1946 fanciness1961 c1540 Inventory Westm. Abbey in Trans. London & Middlesex Archæol. Soc. (1871) 4 317 The best payre of Pasturall Gloves with parells of brodered work and small perells haveyng on them ij monyals of gold garnyshed with vj stones and xxiiij gret perles. 1546 in W. Page Inventories Church Goods York, Durham & Northumberland (1897) 138 Two albes and parrelles [MS. transcript parrettes] of ymagerye. 1554 in T. Wright Churchwardens' Accts. Ludlow (1869) 58 Item, for porrelz for albis..vjd. 1698 London Gaz. No. 3370/4 Stole.., one piece of..Cloth,..marked in the Parrel, I O H. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † parelv. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To clothe, dress, attire; = apparel v. 5. Also: to equip, array. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] wrya901 clothec950 shride971 aturnc1220 begoa1225 array1297 graith1297 agraithc1300 geara1325 cleadc1325 adightc1330 apparel1362 back1362 shape1362 attirea1375 parela1375 tirea1375 rayc1390 addressa1393 coverc1394 aguisea1400 scredea1400 shrouda1400 bedightc1400 buskc1400 harnessc1400 hatterc1400 revesta1449 able1449 dressa1450 reparel?c1450 adub?1473 endue?a1475 afaite1484 revestera1500 beclothe1509 trimc1516 riga1535 invest1540 vesture1555 suit1577 clad1579 investure1582 vest1582 deck1587 habit1594 to make ready1596 caparison1597 skin1601 shadow1608 garment1614 riga1625 raiment1656 garb1673 equip1695 to fit out1722 encase1725 tog1793 trick1821 to fig out1825 enclothe1832 toilet1842 to get up1858 habilitate1885 tailor1885 kit1919 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 1990 (MED) Ich haue wonder where my douȝter to-day dwelles þus longe. For al þe pepul is parayled and passed to cherche. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. i. 25 (MED) Somme putte hem to pruyde & parailede hem þer-after..in cloþynge, in Meny kynne gyse. c1440 Tomas of Ersseldoune (Thornton) (1875) 97 (MED) If þou be parelde [v.rr. perled, pareld] moste of prysee..Of lufe, lady, als þou erte wysse. 1494 Loutfut MS f. 11, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Parale Sua thai be garnist & paraillit with loiaulte. 2. transitive. To prepare, get ready; put in order; = apparel v. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)] yarec888 yarkc1000 graithc1175 readya1225 biredienc1275 to make yarec1290 forgraitha1300 adightc1330 buskc1330 purveyc1330 agraith1340 disposec1375 before-graithea1382 to forge and filec1381 to make readya1382 devisec1385 bounc1390 buss?a1400 address?a1425 parel?a1425 to get upc1425 providec1425 prepare1449 bakec1450 aready1470 arm?a1505 prevenea1522 get?1530 to get ready1530 to get ready1530 to set in readiness1575 apply1577 compose1612 predy1627 make1637 to dispose of1655 do1660 fallowa1764 to line up1934 prep1936 tee1938 ?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. (1940) 20031 (MED) He bad sone paraile his nauie And sam gader his cheualrie. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 480 Þis dere kyng..Had parreld him a proude feste. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 765 He parrails [a1500 Trin. Dub. Apperels] him a proude ost of princes & oþire. 3. transitive. To adorn, embellish; = apparel v. 7. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > ornament dightc1200 begoa1225 fay?c1225 rustc1275 duba1300 shrouda1300 adorna1325 flourishc1325 apparel1366 depaintc1374 dressa1375 raila1375 anorna1382 orna1382 honourc1390 paintc1390 pare1393 garnisha1400 mensk?a1400 apykec1400 hightlec1400 overfretc1440 exornc1450 embroider1460 repair1484 empare1490 ornate1490 bedo?a1500 purfle?a1500 glorify?1504 betrap1509 broider1509 deck?1521 likelya1522 to set forth1530 exornate1539 grace1548 adornate1550 fardc1550 gaud1554 pink1558 bedeck1559 tight1572 begaud1579 embellish1579 bepounce1582 parela1586 flower1587 ornify1590 illustrate1592 tinsel1594 formalize1595 adore1596 suborn1596 trapper1597 condecorate1599 diamondize1600 furnish1600 enrich1601 mense1602 prank1605 overgreen1609 crown1611 enjewel1611 broocha1616 varnish1641 ornament1650 array1652 bedub1657 bespangle1675 irradiate1717 gem1747 begem1749 redeck1771 blazon1813 aggrace1825 diamond1839 panoply1851 a1586 King Hart l. 71 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 256 And said he suld it parall all with syn [perh. read fyn] And fresche delyt with mony florist floure. 4. transitive. To clarify (wine) with a parel (see parel n. 4). rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > wine-making > [verb (transitive)] > treat, adulterate, or flavour abuse1574 trick1594 juniperate1605 parel1615 part1682 pearl1682 manage1686 load1860 liqueur1872 plaster1886 1615 G. Markham Eng. House-wife (1668) ii. iv. 113 Parel it with six Eggs, yolks and all, one handfull of bay salt, and a pint of conduit water to every parel. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1330v.a1375 |
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