parenchyman.

Brit.

/pəˈrɛŋkᵻmə/, U.S.

/pəˈrɛŋkəmə/

Inflections: Plural parenchymas, parenchymata.

Forms: 1600s– parenchyma, 1700s paronchyma (irregular).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin parenchyma.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin parenchyma (1501 or earlier) < Hellenistic Greek παρεγχυματ- , παρέγχυμα , literally ‘something poured in beside’ ( < ancient Greek παρα- para- prefix¹ + ἔγχυμα infusion: see -enchyma comb. form), used by Erasistratus in sense 1a, the substance of the liver, lungs, etc. being anciently supposed to be formed of blood strained through the blood vessels and coagulated.

1. Anatomy and Zoology.

a. The specialized tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its connective tissue or stroma; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily substance > [noun] > proper

parenchyma1578

parenchyme1662

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man vii. f. 90^v The substaunce of the lunges is rare, light, and porie, as a sponge, in colour somewhat red, which kynde of substaunce the elders have named Parenchyma.

1648 H. Power Let. 15 Sept. in Sir T. Browne Lett. (1931) 283 The urine is chanelld all along with the blood, through almost all the Parenchymata of the Body.

1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 115 Physitians..determine the Parenchyma of the Liver to bee a certain flowing of blood, as if nothing else were there but coagulated blood.

1682 T. Gibson Anat. Humane Bodies i. iii. 10 The true skin..is made up of nervous fibres very closely interwoven one with another and of a parenchyma that fills up the interstices.

1724 Philos. Trans. 1722–3 (Royal Soc.) 32 428 A soft and moist Pulp, like what they antiently call'd the Parenchyma, that composes the Liver and Spleen.

1784 W. Cullen First Lines Pract. Physic (ed. 4) I. ii. iv. §293 An inflammation of the paronchyma or substance of viscera.

1832 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 122 523 I..after a few unsuccessful efforts at length perceived the mercury gradually diffusing itself in minute globules through the parenchyma of the lobule.

1860–2 Proc. Royal Soc. 11 94 Should the circumstances be favourable to the saturation of the parenchyma of the liver with the carbonated alkali.

1901 M. Foster Lect. Hist. Physiol. 69 The flesh..otherwise was comparable with the flesh, ‘caro’, or parenchyma of other organs, such for instance as the liver.

1995 McGill Jrnl. Med. Spring 11/1 Renal function is normalized by the remaining kidney, possibly as a result of..recovery of normal renal parenchyma following the nephrotoxicity of chemotherapy.

b. Cellular tissue composing the main bulk of the body in various acoelomate invertebrates, esp. flatworms. Also: †the cytoplasm of a single-celled organism (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > bodies or parts > [noun] > substance of body

parenchyma1665

1665 R. Hooke Micrographia xxii. 138 In a Sponge, the Parenchyma, it seems, is but a kind of mucous gelly.

1707 Philos. Trans. 1706–7 (Royal Soc.) 25 2316 This did resemble the Parenchyma of a Buccinum, but was much firmer, and when it was pressed it yielded a fat Juice.

1759 Philos. Trans. 1758 (Royal Soc.) 50 587 Then this belly turns into a long tube, which surrounds this parenchyma.

1834 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 124 370 I have observed the water taken in at the mouth descend, for the space of several seconds, through the gelatinous parenchyma of the body and footstalk.

1878 F. J. Bell & E. R. Lankester tr. C. Gegenbaur Elements Compar. Anat. 131 The body-parenchyma of this sporocyst becomes differentiated.

1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 9 Histology enables us to understand the structure and nature of the ultimate substance or parenchyma of the body.

1902 Amer. Naturalist 36 452 The inner mass becomes histologically differentiated into the several kinds of cells forming the parenchyma of the larva.

1994 E. E. Ruppert & R. D. Barnes Invertebr. Zool. (ed. 6) vi. 217/2 In acoels an extracellular matrix is absent and the parenchyma is entirely cellular.

2. Botany. The fundamental or ground tissue of plants, typically consisting of living, thin-walled, often polyhedral cells, as in the pulp of fruits, the softer parts of leaves, the pith of stems, etc.; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > tissue > specific types of tissue

parenchyma1651

parenchyme1811

suberin1815

mesophyllum1832

prosenchyma1832

cinenchyma1835

bothrenchyma1838

merenchyma1839

pleurenchyma1839

mesophyll1848

trachenchyma1848

inenchyma1851

sterenchyma1856

collenchyma1857

rhytidome1861

procambium1872

palisade tissue1875

trace1875

taphrenchyma1876

phellem1877

ground-tissue1882

palisade parenchyma1882

stone-sclerenchyma1884

stereome1885

aerenchyma1889

chlorenchyma1894

1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs ⁋79 Beginners must learn to distinguish the bloud of plants, from their gore and Parenchyma or garbage.

1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. i. 11 Next to the Cuticle [in a bean], we come to the Parenchyma... I call it the Parenchyma. If you view it in a Microscope, it hath some similitude to the Pith.

1734 Philos. Trans. 1733–4 (Royal Soc.) 38 242 A Grain or Seed separated from the Segment, the Coat whereof is covered with Filaments, which formed the Parenchyma of the Segment.

1786 Gentleman's Mag. 56 i. 456 They make corks of the parenchyma, the second bark of the black poplar.

1832 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. 9 Cellular tissue is frequently called Parenchyma. Professor Link distinguishes Parenchyma and Prosenchyma; referring to the former all tissue in which the cellules are applied by their plane faces.

1870 H. Macmillan Bible Teachings vii. 144 The green cellular substance, called parenchyma, which fills up all the interspaces in..leaves.

1928 R. M. Holman & W. W. Robbins Elem. Bot. iii. 54 The pith is made up of large-celled parenchyma.

1946 A. Nelson Princ. Agric. Bot. iii. 45 The medullary rays pass outwards till they meet a ring or belt of parenchyma called the cortex.

1982 K. Arms & P. S. Camp Biology (ed. 2) iv. 62 The presence of many chloroplasts or storage plastids in some kinds of parenchyma shows that these cells are specialized for photosynthesis or food storage.

2003 Ann. Bot. 92 635 The 950m O[riganum] vulgare population has larger and thicker leaves with highly developed palisade and spongy parenchymas.

Compounds

parenchyma cell n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > cell > types of cells > [noun] > other types of cells

reticular cell1832

torula1833

reserve cell1842

subcell1844

parenchyma cell1857

pedicel cell1858

nettle cell1870

heterocyst1872

prickle cell1872

angioblast1875

palisade cell1875

sextant1875

spindle cell1876

neuroblast1878

body cell1879

plasma cell1882

reticulum cell1882

stem cell1885

Langhans1886

basal cell1889

pole cell1890

myelocyte1891

statocyst1892

mast cell1893

thrombocyte1893

iridocyte1894

precursor1895

nurse cell1896

amacrine1900

statocyte1900

mononuclear1903

oat cell1903

myeloblast1904

trochoblast1904

adipocyte1906

polynuclear1906

fibrocyte1911

akaryote1920

Rouget cell1922

Sternberg–Reed1922

amphicyte1925

monoblast1925

pericyte1925

promyelocyte1925

pituicyte1930

agamete1932

sympathogonia1934

athrocyte1938

progenitor1938

Reed–Sternberg cell1939

submarginal1941

delta cell1942

mastocyte1947

squame1949

podocyte1954

transformed cell1956

transformant1957

spheroplast1958

pinealocyte1961

immunocyte1963

lactotroph1966

mammotroph1966

minicell1967

proheterocyst1970

myofibroblast1971

cybrid1974

1857 Littell's Living Age 11 Apr. 126/2 The sap in the wood cells moves upward through them, that in the parenchyma cells through them.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 249 Emboli of air, of fat and of parenchyma-cells.

1927 Bot. Gaz. 84 355 The lacunae..continue to stain for some time after their occlusion by parenchyma cells has begun.

1982 K. Arms & P. S. Camp Biol. (ed. 2) iv. 62 Parenchyma cells from various tissues that make up most of the inside of leaves and of non-woody stems and roots.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	parenchyma
释义	parenchyman. Brit. /pəˈrɛŋkᵻmə/, U.S. /pəˈrɛŋkəmə/ Inflections: Plural parenchymas, parenchymata. Forms: 1600s– parenchyma, 1700s paronchyma (irregular). Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin parenchyma. Etymology: < post-classical Latin parenchyma (1501 or earlier) < Hellenistic Greek παρεγχυματ- , παρέγχυμα , literally ‘something poured in beside’ ( < ancient Greek παρα- para- prefix¹ + ἔγχυμα infusion: see -enchyma comb. form), used by Erasistratus in sense 1a, the substance of the liver, lungs, etc. being anciently supposed to be formed of blood strained through the blood vessels and coagulated. 1. Anatomy and Zoology. a. The specialized tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its connective tissue or stroma; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily substance > [noun] > proper parenchyma1578 parenchyme1662 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man vii. f. 90^v The substaunce of the lunges is rare, light, and porie, as a sponge, in colour somewhat red, which kynde of substaunce the elders have named Parenchyma. 1648 H. Power Let. 15 Sept. in Sir T. Browne Lett. (1931) 283 The urine is chanelld all along with the blood, through almost all the Parenchymata of the Body. 1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 115 Physitians..determine the Parenchyma of the Liver to bee a certain flowing of blood, as if nothing else were there but coagulated blood. 1682 T. Gibson Anat. Humane Bodies i. iii. 10 The true skin..is made up of nervous fibres very closely interwoven one with another and of a parenchyma that fills up the interstices. 1724 Philos. Trans. 1722–3 (Royal Soc.) 32 428 A soft and moist Pulp, like what they antiently call'd the Parenchyma, that composes the Liver and Spleen. 1784 W. Cullen First Lines Pract. Physic (ed. 4) I. ii. iv. §293 An inflammation of the paronchyma or substance of viscera. 1832 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 122 523 I..after a few unsuccessful efforts at length perceived the mercury gradually diffusing itself in minute globules through the parenchyma of the lobule. 1860–2 Proc. Royal Soc. 11 94 Should the circumstances be favourable to the saturation of the parenchyma of the liver with the carbonated alkali. 1901 M. Foster Lect. Hist. Physiol. 69 The flesh..otherwise was comparable with the flesh, ‘caro’, or parenchyma of other organs, such for instance as the liver. 1995 McGill Jrnl. Med. Spring 11/1 Renal function is normalized by the remaining kidney, possibly as a result of..recovery of normal renal parenchyma following the nephrotoxicity of chemotherapy. b. Cellular tissue composing the main bulk of the body in various acoelomate invertebrates, esp. flatworms. Also: †the cytoplasm of a single-celled organism (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > bodies or parts > [noun] > substance of body parenchyma1665 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia xxii. 138 In a Sponge, the Parenchyma, it seems, is but a kind of mucous gelly. 1707 Philos. Trans. 1706–7 (Royal Soc.) 25 2316 This did resemble the Parenchyma of a Buccinum, but was much firmer, and when it was pressed it yielded a fat Juice. 1759 Philos. Trans. 1758 (Royal Soc.) 50 587 Then this belly turns into a long tube, which surrounds this parenchyma. 1834 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 124 370 I have observed the water taken in at the mouth descend, for the space of several seconds, through the gelatinous parenchyma of the body and footstalk. 1878 F. J. Bell & E. R. Lankester tr. C. Gegenbaur Elements Compar. Anat. 131 The body-parenchyma of this sporocyst becomes differentiated. 1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 9 Histology enables us to understand the structure and nature of the ultimate substance or parenchyma of the body. 1902 Amer. Naturalist 36 452 The inner mass becomes histologically differentiated into the several kinds of cells forming the parenchyma of the larva. 1994 E. E. Ruppert & R. D. Barnes Invertebr. Zool. (ed. 6) vi. 217/2 In acoels an extracellular matrix is absent and the parenchyma is entirely cellular. 2. Botany. The fundamental or ground tissue of plants, typically consisting of living, thin-walled, often polyhedral cells, as in the pulp of fruits, the softer parts of leaves, the pith of stems, etc.; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > tissue > specific types of tissue parenchyma1651 parenchyme1811 suberin1815 mesophyllum1832 prosenchyma1832 cinenchyma1835 bothrenchyma1838 merenchyma1839 pleurenchyma1839 mesophyll1848 trachenchyma1848 inenchyma1851 sterenchyma1856 collenchyma1857 rhytidome1861 procambium1872 palisade tissue1875 trace1875 taphrenchyma1876 phellem1877 ground-tissue1882 palisade parenchyma1882 stone-sclerenchyma1884 stereome1885 aerenchyma1889 chlorenchyma1894 1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs ⁋79 Beginners must learn to distinguish the bloud of plants, from their gore and Parenchyma or garbage. 1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. i. 11 Next to the Cuticle [in a bean], we come to the Parenchyma... I call it the Parenchyma. If you view it in a Microscope, it hath some similitude to the Pith. 1734 Philos. Trans. 1733–4 (Royal Soc.) 38 242 A Grain or Seed separated from the Segment, the Coat whereof is covered with Filaments, which formed the Parenchyma of the Segment. 1786 Gentleman's Mag. 56 i. 456 They make corks of the parenchyma, the second bark of the black poplar. 1832 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. 9 Cellular tissue is frequently called Parenchyma. Professor Link distinguishes Parenchyma and Prosenchyma; referring to the former all tissue in which the cellules are applied by their plane faces. 1870 H. Macmillan Bible Teachings vii. 144 The green cellular substance, called parenchyma, which fills up all the interspaces in..leaves. 1928 R. M. Holman & W. W. Robbins Elem. Bot. iii. 54 The pith is made up of large-celled parenchyma. 1946 A. Nelson Princ. Agric. Bot. iii. 45 The medullary rays pass outwards till they meet a ring or belt of parenchyma called the cortex. 1982 K. Arms & P. S. Camp Biology (ed. 2) iv. 62 The presence of many chloroplasts or storage plastids in some kinds of parenchyma shows that these cells are specialized for photosynthesis or food storage. 2003 Ann. Bot. 92 635 The 950m O[riganum] vulgare population has larger and thicker leaves with highly developed palisade and spongy parenchymas. Compounds parenchyma cell n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > cell > types of cells > [noun] > other types of cells reticular cell1832 torula1833 reserve cell1842 subcell1844 parenchyma cell1857 pedicel cell1858 nettle cell1870 heterocyst1872 prickle cell1872 angioblast1875 palisade cell1875 sextant1875 spindle cell1876 neuroblast1878 body cell1879 plasma cell1882 reticulum cell1882 stem cell1885 Langhans1886 basal cell1889 pole cell1890 myelocyte1891 statocyst1892 mast cell1893 thrombocyte1893 iridocyte1894 precursor1895 nurse cell1896 amacrine1900 statocyte1900 mononuclear1903 oat cell1903 myeloblast1904 trochoblast1904 adipocyte1906 polynuclear1906 fibrocyte1911 akaryote1920 Rouget cell1922 Sternberg–Reed1922 amphicyte1925 monoblast1925 pericyte1925 promyelocyte1925 pituicyte1930 agamete1932 sympathogonia1934 athrocyte1938 progenitor1938 Reed–Sternberg cell1939 submarginal1941 delta cell1942 mastocyte1947 squame1949 podocyte1954 transformed cell1956 transformant1957 spheroplast1958 pinealocyte1961 immunocyte1963 lactotroph1966 mammotroph1966 minicell1967 proheterocyst1970 myofibroblast1971 cybrid1974 1857 Littell's Living Age 11 Apr. 126/2 The sap in the wood cells moves upward through them, that in the parenchyma cells through them. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 249 Emboli of air, of fat and of parenchyma-cells. 1927 Bot. Gaz. 84 355 The lacunae..continue to stain for some time after their occlusion by parenchyma cells has begun. 1982 K. Arms & P. S. Camp Biol. (ed. 2) iv. 62 Parenchyma cells from various tissues that make up most of the inside of leaves and of non-woody stems and roots. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1578
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