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单词 parley
释义

parleyn.1int.

Brit. /ˈpɑːli/, U.S. /ˈpɑrli/
Forms: Middle English parlay, 1500s parlei, 1500s parllye, 1500s parlue, 1500s–1600s parle, 1500s–1600s parlee, 1500s–1600s parlie, 1500s–1600s parlye, 1500s–1800s parly, 1500s– parley, 1600s parlé; Scottish pre-1700 pairlly, pre-1700 parle, pre-1700 parlee, pre-1700 1700s– parley, pre-1700 1700s– parlie.
Origin: Apparently a borrowing from French. Etymon: French parler.
Etymology: Apparently < Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French parler speech, words, conversation, discussion, faculty of speech, language, action of speaking, manner of speaking (12th cent. in Old French) < parler parle v. Compare Old French parlee discussion, talk (rare). Compare parle n., parley v.It is sometimes uncertain whether examples of the form parle in the early modern period should be assigned to the present word or to parle n.; there is metrical evidence that in the 16th and 17th centuries the form was current for both words. Examples from prose texts have all been placed under parle n. It is uncertain whether examples of the phrase to come to parley in sense 2 should be taken as showing the verb or the noun (compare parle n.).
1.
a. Speech; conversation; a debate or argument. (Now chiefly as a mass noun or passing into sense 2.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > [noun]
speechc725
spellc888
tonguec897
spellingc1000
wordOE
mathelingOE
redec1275
sermonc1275
leeda1300
gale13..
speakc1300
speaking1303
ledenc1320
talea1325
parliamentc1325
winda1330
sermoningc1330
saying1340
melinga1375
talkingc1386
wordc1390
prolationa1393
carpinga1400
eloquencec1400
utteringc1400
language?c1450
reporturec1475
parleyc1490
locutionc1500
talk1539
discourse1545
report1548
tonguec1550
deliverance1553
oration1555
delivery1577
parling1582
parle1584
conveying1586
passage1598
perlocution1599
wording1604
bursta1616
ventilation1615
loquency1623
voicinga1626
verbocination1653
loquence1677
pronunciation1686
loquel1694
jawinga1731
talkee-talkee?1740
vocification1743
talkation1781
voicing1822
utterancy1827
voicing1831
the spoken word1832
outness1851
verbalization1851
voice1855
outgiving1865
stringing1886
praxis1950
the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > conferring or consulting
aughteOE
redeOE
somrunec1275
speakingc1275
counselc1290
deliberationc1405
advisement1414
commoninga1425
communingc1425
imparlement1450
imparling1450
parleyc1490
parleying1508
counselment1523
parling1527
counsellinga1533
practice1540
interview1541
consultation1548
parliance1553
conference1555
enterparling1557
consult1560
imparlee1565
parlance1577
imparlance1579
parliamenting1582
deliberative1590
converse1614
parliamentation1622
powwowing1642
consulting1823
powwowism1873
c1490 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 15th Cent. (1939) 208 (MED) From Cristys passyon the thefe be parlay axid grace, Conveyid was his Raunsom made with bloode.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 67 Her bye tale owt hauking amyd oft her parlye she chocketh.
1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. E2v They did frolicke amongst themselues with manie pleasaunt parlies.
1650 J. Howell Addit. Lett. xiii. 25 in Epistolæ Ho-elianæ (ed. 2) Admiration..that..you should com to be so great a Master of those Languages both for the Pen and Parley.
1718 M. Prior Alma i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 331 They meet each Evening in the Grove; Their Parley but augments their Love.
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. xxii. 148 A nymph and swain soft parley mutual hold.
1860 J. G. Holland Miss Gilbert's Career vi. 105 Arthur..without further parley commanded him to be silent.
1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid iii, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 171 Why with longer parley the rising breezes delay?
1940 H. G. Wells Babes in Darkling Wood i. iv. 104 Whereupon the schoolmaster without further parley took down the lad's trousers and administered a sound thrashing.
1991 U.S. News & World Rep. 27 May 56 The $51 billion leap in excise taxes,..imposed as a result of the budget parley last fall.
2000 Times (Nexis) 28 Oct. (Sport section) What is happening this season should put an end to further parley on any other type of cross-border tournament.
†b. A public discussion or disputation in a university. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > academic or public disputation > [noun]
oppositionc1451
schoolsc1475
parvis1496
debatec1500
parley1577
probleming1657
tilt1709
responsion1841
1577 W. Fulke Confut. Doctr. Purgatory 441 This were a pretty question for a Sophister in Oxford to demand in their parleis.
2.
a. A meeting between opposing sides in a dispute; esp. (Military) a conference with an enemy, under truce, for discussing the mutual arrangement of matters such as terms for an armistice, the exchange of prisoners, etc.; a discussion of terms. †to beat (also sound) a parley: to summon a parley by beating a drum or sounding a trumpet.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military organization > signals > make signals [verb (intransitive)] > signal on trumpet
to beat (also sound) a parley?a1580
the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > conferring or consulting > a conference
councilc1275
parliamentc1325
consultationc1425
interview1514
view1520
talk1551
parle1552
colloquy1570
parley?a1580
enterparle1584
interparley1590
conference1592
enterparley1594
enterparlance1595
consult1600
antiparle1602
deliberation1632
consulto1659
conversation1703
palaver1735
consulta1768
korero1807
powwow1812
council-general1817
concilium1834
talk-in1966
think-in1966
society > armed hostility > peace > pacification > peace treaty > [noun] > peace talks or conference
parliament?a1400
parle1552
parley?a1580
peace talk1789
peace conference1852
Locarno1925
society > armed hostility > peace > pacification > peace treaty > conclude peace treaty [verb (intransitive)] > discuss terms > sound request for
to beat (also sound) a parley?a1580
?a1580 J. Lyly Wks. (1902) 462 If women were not frendly foes beinge hable for to ouercome They would not softly strike wth noes nor yet vnto a parley come.
1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster Famous Hist. Thomas Wyat sig. B4v, (stage direct.) The Herald soundes a parlee, and none answers.
1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 298 When this Drummer had beaten for a Parley, he made this speech to Mansoul.
1737 W. Pardon Dyche's New Gen. Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) at Parley When any Thing is desired by the Beseigers or the Beseiged they beat a Drum, which they call beating a Parley.
1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella II. i. xiv. 67 We find them proposing a parley for arranging terms of capitulation.
1891 A. Hayes March of Man i. 58 Foreboding the long fight of rich and poor, Would sound a parley, learning wisdom late.
1961 G. F. Kennan Russia & West xii. 169 Parleys began in September, which soon led to a cessation of hostilities.
1994 W. Maples & M. Browning Dead Men do tell Tales xiii. 210 Invited to a parley, the Inca chief entered the citadel with only a few hundred followers.
b. Chiefly Scottish and Irish English. A truce in certain (esp. children's) games; the place of truce. Also as int. Cf. barley int.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > [noun] > truce
parley1723
truce1870
1723 W. Meston Knight 10 On it [sc. his skull] you might thrash Wheat or Barly, Or tread the Grape e're he cried Parly.
1821 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 35/2 If the reader be tired..I can..give him a barley, (parley).
1872 M. MacLennan Peasant Life 29 Crying ‘Parley, lad!’ as he came to her side, and would have returned the ‘skip-stroke’.
1894 A. B. Gomme Trad. Games I. 198 When the robbers sing the last verse they should have attained the end of the lines, as during the parley they were safe.
1894 A. B. Gomme Trad. Games I. 211 A spot, called Parley, is fixed upon at which the Spy stands till all the other players are hid, to which he can run when pursued.
1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 207/2 Parley,..‘home’ in children's games... In order to escape being caught they cry ‘parley’.
1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren viii. 152 Parley or Parleys. Reported as an alternative term in Kirkcaldy, Findhorn in Morayshire, and from the Windermere district. Apparently always chiefly a Scottish term.
1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 247/1 Parley, in children's games a call for a truce. In certain games ‘home’, the base.
†c. The sound of a drum, trumpet, etc., that signals the desire for a parley. Cf. to beat (also sound) a parley at sense 2a. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military organization > signals > [noun] > signal on instrument > signal on drums
tattoo1644
trevally1645
troop1688
générale1698
general1706
retreat1706
long roll1756
rappel1796
parley1867
assemble1883
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Parley, that beat of drum by which a conference with an enemy is desired. Synonymous with chamade.

Compounds

† parley hill n. Obsolete rare (in Scotland and Ireland) an often fortified mound where disputes between neighbouring districts were debated and settled.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > hillock > type of
sheeling-hill1597
parley hill1641
parle hill1664
risbank1665
cradle-heap1830
cradle-hill1855
reef knoll1890
cradle-knoll1897
sheeling-mound1911
1641 in D. Beveridge Culross & Tulliallan (1885) I. vi. 196 Those who stand in the kirkyard or parlyhill discoursing.
1664 Spelman's Gloss. at Mallobergium Quæ in Hibernia parly hills, i. placitandi vel interloquendi montes appellantur.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

parleyn.2

Brit. /ˈpɑːli/, U.S. /ˈpɑrli/, Scottish English /ˈparlɪ/
Forms: 1800s– parley, 1800s– parlie, 1800s– parly, 1800s– pawrlie, 1900s– parli, 1900s– paurley, 1900s– pawrley.
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: parliament cake n. at parliament n.1 Compounds 3.
Etymology: Shortened < parliament cake n. at parliament n.1 Compounds 3 (compare -y suffix6). In spelling apparently assimilated to parley n.1
Originally and chiefly Scottish.
A thin flat type of gingerbread; = parliament cake n. at parliament n.1 Compounds 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > gingerbread
gingerbreada1450
dry leach1570
pepper-gingerbread1598
pepper bread1611
gingerbread nut1734
ginger cake1758
ginger nut1786
parkin1800
parliament gingerbread1809
parliament1812
parliament cake1818
parley1825
spice-nut1829
Pfefferkuchen1856
Hoosier cake1859
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Parliament-cake Here's a bawbee taw ye: awa' an' buy parleys wi't.
1862 A. McGilvray Poems (ed. 2) 108 (E.D.D.) Pies, parlies, tarts, and butter bakes.
1891 J. M. Barrie Little Minister I. i. 4 A little boy..pressed forward and offered him a sticky parly.
1910 J. White Eppie Gray 5 He kept his parlies up the lum, Crumpie an' short an' sweet tae taste.
1932 K. E. Trail Reminisc. Old Aberdeen xiii. 124 Flat ginger biscuits called ‘parlies’.
1957 People's Friend 19 Jan. A good supply of parleys, oblong biscuits about six inches by four, gingery and with scalloped edges.
2000 Scotsman (Nexis) 28 Sept. 10 Scottish traditional recipes such as parlies—gingerbread eaten in the old parliament.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† parleyn.3

Forms: also with capital initial.
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: parleyvoo n.
Etymology: Short for parleyvoo n.
humorous. Obsolete. rare.
A French person (in quot. 18311: a Frenchman).
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > French nation > [noun] > native or inhabitant of France
FrenchmanOE
monsieur?a1513
Gaul1630
frog1657
Gallic1755
mounseer1755
parleyvoo1755
frog-eater1766
Galloman1787
mossoo1809
Frencher1826
Frenchy1829
parley1831
crapaud?c1834
wi-wi1841
froggy1853
1831 Countess Granville Lett. (1894) II. 78 The girls are led out by unknown parleys, who caper by their sides and then give them back to my care.
1831 J. Banim Smuggler I. xii. 276 What is he to do without a sharp 'un to chaffer with the Parleys across the briney?
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2018).

parleyv.

Brit. /ˈpɑːli/, U.S. /ˈpɑrli/
Forms: 1500s–1600s parlee, 1500s–1600s parlie, 1500s–1700s parly, 1500s– parley, 1600s perley.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: parley n.1
Etymology: < parley n.1 Compare French parler parle v.; later examples in sense 2a are intended to represent a (frequently humorous) English pronunciation of the French verb (compare parleyvoo n., parleyvoo v.). Compare parle v.
1.
a. intransitive. To treat, discuss terms; esp. to hold a parley (with an enemy or opponent), to come to parley. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > peace > pacification > peace treaty > conclude peace treaty [verb (intransitive)] > discuss terms
capitulate1537
parle1558
parley1570
1570 J. Phillips Frendly Larum l. 98 They that do consult, and parley with the Deuyll, As many shamelesse Papists now.
a1593 C. Marlowe Edward II (1594) sig. F4v Madam in this matter We will employ you and your little sonne, You shall go parley with the king of Fraunce.
1599 George a Greene sig. C.3v Stay, my Lords, let vs parlie on these broiles: Not Hercules against two, the prouerbe is, Nor I against so great a multitude.
c1600 J. Dymmok Treat. Ireland (1842) 34 The Lord Lieutenant sent the Lord of Cayre to parly with him.
1613 T. Heywood Siluer Age iii. sig. H3v Vpon them, when we parlee with our foes.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 261 We..offer'd a Truce to parley.
1770 T. Percy tr. P. H. Mallet Northern Antiq. II. 255 ‘I will neither’, said Grymer, ‘accept of thy sister, nor parly any longer.’
1823 W. Scott Peveril I. vi. 166 Major Bridgenorth advanced, as if to parley.
1866 Duke of Argyll Reign of Law ii. 53 And so we see the men of Theology coming out to parley with the men of Science.
1978 V. Cronin Catherine xvi. 183 It required considerable diplomatic skill by Catherine to persuade proud Maria Theresa to parley with the king who had twice made aggressive war on her.
2003 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 19 Jan. 12 While the politicians and the diplomats parleyed, the troops prepared for the grim business of combat.
b. transitive. To grant a parley or an interview to (a person); to hold a discussion with; to speak to or address. rare in later use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > conversation > addressing or speaking to > speak to or address [verb (transitive)]
speakc950
beclepec1220
enreason1297
saluec1300
calla1325
clepe1362
to speak on ——?1370
salutec1380
to call upon ——c1405
escry1483
assaya1522
treatc1540
accost1567
encounter1578
bespeaka1593
affront1598
parley1611
address1683
chin-chin1817
chat1898
the mind > language > speech > conversation > converse with [verb (transitive)] > discuss or confer about > terms
treat1357
pourparle1534
parley1611
the mind > language > speech > conversation > converse with [verb (transitive)] > discuss or confer about > hold discussion with
entreat1523
interview1548
parley1611
parle1635
view1676
1611 T. Heywood Golden Age iii. sig. G Beare Saturne first to prison, Wee'l after parly them.
1631 T. Heywood Fair Maid of West: 1st Pt. v. 54 Conduct him safe where we will parly him.
a1698 W. Row Suppl. in R. Blair Life (1848) (modernized text) xi. 347 They parlied Lambert.
1852 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 5) 79 Would'st parley Luniel on her silver seat.
1984 Summary of World Broadcasts (B.B.C.) (Nexis) 22 Aug. FE/7728/A3/1 As John Lehman was parleying Peking, Chinese Foreign Minister Wu Xueqian stopped over in Tokyo to talk with Japanese officials.
2.
a. transitive. To talk, speak, utter. Now chiefly humorous, usually with foreign language as object.In later use frequently representing a popular pronunciation of French parler (see etymological note above).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > a language > using or speaking languages > speak a language [verb (transitive)]
parley1570
spit1701
patter1811
1570 J. Phillip in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign Elizabeth (1845) II. 526 Not basshing suche pernitious talke To parley and reporte.
1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 257 That Beauty in Court which could not parly Euphuism, was as little regarded as those now there that cannot speak French.
1873 W. H. Dixon Hist. Two Queens II. ix. ix. 147 An Italian, who could parley French and Spanish.
1941 E. Ferber Saratoga Trunk vi. 108 I don't parley Frongsay myself.
2000 Daily Town Talk (Alexandria, Los Angeles) (Nexis) 28 May (Marketplace section) i. c A bouille au lait (that's vanilla custard for those of vous who don't parley francais).
b. intransitive. To speak or talk; to converse, discourse, confer (with). In later use archaic (and often coloured by or passing into sense 1a).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > conversation > converse [verb (intransitive)]
yedc888
speak971
rounda1200
talka1225
tevela1225
intercommunec1374
fable1382
parlec1400
reason?c1425
communique?1473
devise1477
cutc1525
wade1527
enterparle1536
discourse1550
to hold one chat, with chat, in chat1573
parley1576
purpose1590
dialogue1595
commerce1596
dialoguize1596
communicate1598
propose1600
dialogize1601
converse1615
tella1616
interlocute1621
interparle1791
conversate1811
colloquize1823
conversationize1826
colloque1850
visit1862
colloquy1868
to make conversation1921
1576 G. Pettie Petite Pallace 175 Hauing attempted her chastitie by..beestowinge on her great giftes,..and many other meanes, and neuerthelesse fayling of his purpose, in pensiue perplexitie fell to parley with himselfe, to this purpose.
?1592 Fair Em sig. C2v Sweete Em, hether I came to parley of loue.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. iii. 106 As bash-full Louers, seeing Strangers by, Parley in silence with their hand or eye.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. ii. 116 Vlisses, when hee went downe to parlee with those in hell.
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. xxii. 147 It is no time..With him to parley, as a nymph and swain.
1847 B. Disraeli Tancred II. iii. i. 7 Is it not the land upon whose mountains the Creator of the Universe parleyed with man?
1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Manley & Corringham, Lincs. 188/1 It's to no use parleying no longer, we shall nivver agree.
1916 J. Joyce Portrait of Artist v They parleyed in shouts across the still air about a game of billiards to be played in the Adelphi hotel.
1968 E. Bowen Eva Trout i. ix. 103 If you don't mind, I should like to parley indoors.
1997 ‘Q’ Sparrow in S. Champion Disco Biscuits 259 He parleys like an undercover lover.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1int.c1490n.21825n.31831v.1570
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