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单词 pasture
释义

pasturen.

Brit. /ˈpɑːstʃə/, /ˈpastʃə/, U.S. /ˈpæstʃər/, /ˈpæʃtʃər/
Forms: Middle English pasturre, Middle English–1500s pastor, Middle English–1500s pastour, Middle English–1500s pastoure, Middle English–1500s (1900s– English regional (Yorkshire)) paster, Middle English–1600s pastur, Middle English– pasture, 1500s pastorre; U.S. regional 1800s pastur, 1900s– pastuh (in African-American usage); also Scottish pre-1700 pastore, pre-1700 pastour, pre-1700 pastuir, pre-1700 pastuyr, 1800s pastur, 1900s– paster.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pastour; Latin pastura.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pastour, Anglo-Norman and Middle French pasture pastureland, animal feed (12th cent. in Old French, 13th cent. in sense ‘action of feeding’, 1245 with reference to human sustenance; French pâture ) and its etymon post-classical Latin pastura place suitable for grazing animals (4th or 5th cent.), action of feeding animals (5th cent.), food (5th cent.), right of pasturage (8th cent.) < classical Latin pāst- , past participial stem of pāscere to feed, graze (see pascent adj.) + -ūra -ure suffix1. Compare Old Occitan, Occitan pastura (a1150), Catalan pastura (1150), Spanish pastura (1135), Italian pastura (a1292; a1321 in sense ‘spiritual nourishment’).
1.
a. A piece of grassy land used for or suitable for the grazing of animals, esp. cattle or sheep; pastureland.Recorded earliest in ox pasture n. at ox n. Compounds 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture
leasowc950
leasea1000
pasturea1300
common pasturea1325
grassland1324
laund1340
lea1357
gang1413
feedingc1430
grassa1500
raika1500
beast-gate1507
pasturagec1515
grazing1517
average1537
pasture groundc1537
walk1549
grassing1557
pastural1575
browsing1577
feed1580
pastureland1591
meadow pasture1614
green side1616
range1626
pastorage1628
tore1707
graziery1731
pasturing1759
permanent pasture1771
sweet-veld1785
walk land1797
run1804
sweet-grass1812
potrero1822
pasturage land1855
turn-out1895
lawn1899
a1300 in A. H. Smith Place-names E. Riding Yorks. & York (1937) 327 (MED) Oxpasture.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 168 Synay is an hiȝe mount and noble and worthi to pasture and bereth beste herbes and gras.
1450 Rolls of Parl. V. 191/1 The arbages and pastures of Radam Park.
a1550 Vox Populi 718 in W. C. Hazlit Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. III. 293 Suche lyke comonwelthe wasters, That of erable groundes make pasters.
1595 E. Spenser Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. B3 And where may I the hills and pastures see, On which she vseth for to feed her sheepe?
1697 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 350 Carum grows plentifully in our Pastures; the seed they call Saxifrage.
1714 in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1883) XX. 179 A pasture for Milch Cows and Rideing Horses.
1787 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 2) I. §636. 475 Wild White Campion... Pastures, hedges, and fallow fields.
a1862 H. D. Thoreau Cape Cod (1865) v. 82 Many horses were still turned out to pasture all summer.
1925 Z. A. Tilghman Dugout 106 There white-faced Herefords graze in the fenced pastures.
2000 Guardian 2 Dec. (Travel section) 11/1 The people of Laxton were cultivating about 720 acres of arable land, with about 40 acres of pasture for mowing.
b. A place of spiritual nourishment; heaven. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > heaven > [noun]
bliss971
heavenOE
paradiseOE
towera1240
seatc1275
heavenwarda1300
Abraham's bosomc1300
tabernaclea1340
wonea1350
sanctuary1382
pasturec1384
firmament1388
sky?1518
Canaan1548
welkin1559
happy land1562
sphere?1592
heavenwards1614
afterworld1615
patria1707
god-home1848
overworld1858
the invisible1868
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Ezek. xxxiv. 14 In pasturis most plenteuouse Y shal feede hem.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) 18449 (MED) Þat pastur es cald heuen blis.
a1456 (a1402) J. Trevisa tr. Gospel of Nicodemus (BL Add.) f. 113v (MED) Oure Lord..hast egiven hem lyff þat is certain in þy goostely fat pastoure.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 441. ¶10 The Lord my Pasture shall prepare.
c. A field or area of thought or activity. Esp. in pastures new (in allusion to quot. 1638).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > [noun] > newness, freshness, or originality > pastures new
pastures new1579
1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue f. 42 They will..driue vs to poysoned pastures.
1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 25 in Justa Edouardo King To morrow to fresh woods and pastures new.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 429 When homeward from their wat'ry Pastures born, They sing, and Asia's Lakes their Notes return.
1818 J. Keats Endymion iii. 105 There are..who unpen Their baaing vanities, to browse away The comfortable green and juicy hay From human pastures.
1887 S. Newland Far North Country 33 When horse-stealing, horse-swindling and horse-sweating are put down then the ‘spieler’ must reform or seek pastures new.
1901 Scotsman 5 Mar. 9/3 The pleasant literary pastures of Oxford's bookshops.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvi. [Eumaeus] 614 Wrapped in the arms of Murphy, as the adage has it, dreaming of fresh fields and pastures new.
1975 L. Gillen Return to Deepwater i. 6 He had always resolutely refused to leave his native heath..and..had never felt the need to seek pastures new.
2003 Sunday Tasmanian (Nexis) 9 Mar. Mr Crombie has already moved on to fresh pastures forming a ‘singles group’ at St Ninians.
2.
a. Spiritual nourishment. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > [noun] > spiritual sustenance
soul foodc1175
mannaa1200
pasturec1350
red meat1933
c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) xx. 1 (MED) In þe stede of pasture [L. pascuæ] he sett me þer.
c1440 (?c1350) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 41 (MED) Euer-mare moghte man fynde pasture.
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xxii. 1 In sted of pasture thar he me sett..in that sted he me set to be norist til perfeccioun.
b. Food, sustenance. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > [noun]
meateOE
eatOE
foodOE
fodderOE
dietc1230
gista1290
victual1303
victualsa1375
preya1382
feedinga1398
pasturea1398
viancea1400
viandsc1400
livingc1405
meatingc1425
vitalyc1440
vianda1450
cates1461
vivers1536
viandry1542
viander1543
gut-matter1549
peck1567
belly-cheer1579
appast1580
manchet1583
chat1584
belly-metal1590
repasture1598
cibaries1599
belly-timber1607
belly-cheat1608
peckage1610
victuallage1622
keeping1644
vivresa1650
crib1652
prog1655
grub1659
beef1661
fooding1663
teething1673
eatablea1687
sunket1686
yam1788
chow-chow1795
keep1801
feed1818
grubbing1819
patter1824
ninyam1826
nyam1828
grubbery1831
tack1834
kai1845
mungaree1846
scoff1846
foodstuff1847
chuck1850
muckamuck1852
tuck1857
tucker1858
hash1865
nosh1873
jock1879
cake flour1881
chow1886
nosebag1888
stodge1890
food aid1900
tackle1900
munga1907
scarf1932
grubber1959
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 140 Pestilencia..passiþ al þe kynde of a man and takeþ pasture of fedinge þerof [L. totam naturam hominis deambulat & depascit].
a1456 J. Lydgate Bycorne & Chychevache (Trin. Cambr. R.3.20) 83 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 436 (MED) On me no fattnesse wol beo seene By cause þat pasture I fynde noon.
?1521 A. Barclay Bk. Codrus & Mynalcas sig. Av Suche fulsome pasture, made hym a double chynne.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. x. sig. Nn Todes and frogs, his pasture poysonous.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii Shoales of Fish..Graze the Sea weed thir pasture . View more context for this quotation
1786 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 60 What effect changes of pasture and temperature would have on the fisheries.
1887 R. L. Stevenson Let. 22 Aug. The berths are excellent, the pasture swallowable.
3.
a. The action of feeding (on the part of an animal); spec. the action of grazing. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by eating habits > eating habits > [noun] > feeding or grazing
pasturec1390
feed1575
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [noun] > fattened or bred for slaughter > at pasture > feeding
pasturec1390
pasturingc1390
c1390 G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale 4375 Leue I this Chauntecleer in his pasture.
c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 10 (MED) Houndes most nede..vndo al þat she [sc. a hare] haþ doo of alle þe nyght, of here walkyng and of here pasture, into the tyme þat þhei stert hure.
b. at pasture: grazing.
ΚΠ
1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. evv Iff ye se where the haare at pasture hath bene.
1865 E. C. Gaskell Cousin Phillis i. 36 She and I..coaxed the sick cow, Daisy; and admired the others out at pasture.
1907 R. Muther Hist. Mod. Painting xvii. 385 The little shepherdess sitting dreamily on a bundle of straw near her flock at pasture.
1999 V. C. Peloso Peasants on Plantations iii. 69 The field oxen were at pasture and could not be moved.
4. The feeding or tending of animals; spec. the practice of putting livestock out into the field. Also figurative.Now only in common n.1 and with allusion to biblical use (see quot. 1611).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > action or occupation of pasturing
pasturea1398
grazingc1440
pasturagea1522
feed1575
running1577
graziery1762
pasturing1819
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 164 In hillis is plente of herbes, gras, and lese; þay ben acordynge to pasture of shepe and of oþer bestes.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 9 (MED) Tilynge is vs to write of euery londe..eek pasture and housynge.
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xciv. 7 Folke of his pasture and shepe of his hend.
1611 Bible (King James) Psalms xcv. 7 For he is our God, and we are the people of his pasture, and the sheepe of his hand. View more context for this quotation
2001 Africa News (Nexis) 30 Nov. God..calls us His sheep and the people of His pasture.
5. Grass or other herbage for grazing livestock to feed on; = pasturage n. 3a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > pasture
pasturea1400
pasturagea1522
bite1768
long crop1787
nibble1875
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > herb or herbaceous plant > [noun] > herbage or grass > cultivated or for pasture
pasturea1400
fogc1400
vesture1455
vestiturec1460
pasturagea1522
feed1580
agistment1598
pasture grass1628
ear-grass1686
artificial grass1733
seeds1794
tath1807
green stuff1895
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) 2448 Bot fra þair stor bigan to spr[e]de, Þair pastur gan to wax al nede [a1400 Vesp. bigan to knede].
1480 W. Caxton Descr. Brit. 45 Her londe is fruytefull ynough in pasture.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) John x. f. cxxxvj He shalbe safe, and shall goo in and out, and fynde pasture.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 139v The Lambes..must be well cherished in their weaning time with good pasture.
1607 G. Percy Observ. in S. Purchas Pilgrimes (1625) IV. ix. ii. 1689 Large Medowes hauing excellent good pasture for any Cattle.
1700 M. Prior Written in Robe's Geogr. 17 Twenty acres..For pasture ten, and ten for plough.
1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 188 The advantage of enclosure is greater for pasture than for corn. View more context for this quotation
1842 J. Bischoff Comprehensive Hist. Woollen Manuf. II. 283 Pasture has a great influence on the fineness of the fleece.
1911 J. Muir My First Summer in Sierra 47 There are no large meadows or grassy plains near camp to supply lasting pasture for our thousands of busy nibblers.
1988 Maclean's 6 June 50/1 That means less pasture for livestock so that ranchers have to rely more on stored feed.
6. to put (also drive, turn, etc.) out to pasture.
a. To put (an animal) out to graze on grassland; (hence) to relieve (a horse or other working animal) of its duties, esp. when it is old.
ΚΠ
1657 G. Thornley tr. Longus Daphnis & Chloe iii. 123 It was now the beginning of the Spring, the Snow was gone, the Earth uncovered, and all was green, when the other Shepards drove out their flocks to pasture.
1804 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry I. ix. 79 Meaning to remain some time in a certain town to which he came, the Captain had his horse put out to pasture.
1866 H. Bliss Thecla iii. i. 85 Some old courser, first in many a test, But now turned out to pasture and to rest.
1948 E. Forbes Running of Tide 441 The beasts had been put out to pasture.
2002 Innisfail (Austral.) Advocate (Nexis) 16 Nov. (Sport) 16 Innisfail Horse and Pony Club riders have hung up their riding boots and put their horses out to pasture for the 2002 season.
b. figurative. To retire (a person), to make (a person) redundant; to cease using (a thing). out to pasture: retired; redundant; superseded.
ΚΠ
1868 Harper's Mag. Dec. 68/2 These five infants, on whom I had expended so much surplus energy, were turned out to pasture without any compunctions of conscience.
1909 R. B. Perry Moral Econ. 210 It frees the mind from its harness and puts it out to pasture.
1991 Boston June 114/1 Vintage clothing long since put out to pasture is guided onto the comeback trail by the skilled hands of clothing restylers.
1992 L. Woidwode Indian Affairs i. 16 This crew-cut shyster built like a football player out to pasture.
1997 Internet Mag. Jan. 45 Have online services been reborn in the light of the Internet or is it time to put them out to pasture?
7. U.S.
a. The part of a deep-water weir which fish first enter. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. Pasture... 4. In the fisheries, one of the compartments of a deep-water weir..; that part of a weir which the fish first enter.
b. An inshore rocky area used by cod for spawning. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΚΠ
1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Pasture... (2) (New Eng.) An inshore spawning-ground for codfish.

Phrases

common of pasture n. the right to use common land for the grazing of animals. [After post-classical Latin communa pasture (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) and Anglo-Norman comune de pasture (late 13th cent.).]
ΚΠ
1411 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1411 §13. m. 14 Touchyng the forsayd matere of commune of pasture and turf gravyng, [etc.].
1552 Anno quinto et sexto Eduardi Sexti: Actes c. 14 f. xxiij If any persone..shall buye any maner of Oxen,..& sel thesame againe aliue, onles he..do kepe, & fede thesame..in suche ground, or grouundes where he, or they haue the herbage, or common of pasture..: that then euerry persone..so buieng and sellyng againe shal lose the double value of the cattall.
1649 W. Blith Eng. Improver ii. 18 Whether it be Commons or Commune of Pastures upon those great and vast Commons.
1893 Western Gaz. 1 Dec. 2/2 Of these Forest rights that of common of pasture is by far the most valuable and esteemed.
2010 Guardian (Nexis) 17 Mar. (Home section) 8 The rights include common of pasture, which permits ponies, horned cattle and donkeys to graze the 45,000 acres of open forest.

Compounds

C1.
pasture field n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture > enclosed pasture
ham901
green yard1418
pasture field1464
ward1473
butt1542
paddock1547
septuma1552
staff1786
camp1877
night paddock1922
run-off1933
1464 Rolls of Parl. V. 541/1 A Tenemente in Ingowe called the Pasture feeld.
1567 G. Turberville tr. G. B. Spagnoli Eglogs 87 This makes the goodly flocks and Pasture fieldes so fatte.
1628 T. May tr. Virgil Georgicks iii. 89 When..dew refreshing on the Pasture fields The Moone bestowes, Kings-fishers play on shore.
a1799 in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) (1807) 97 135 The bare and brown, or highly cloathed and verdant circles in pasture fields called Fairy-rings.
1874 G. M. Hopkins Jrnls. & Papers (1959) 251 I sat down in the lap or fold of a steep slanting pasturefield.
1995 Guardian 18 Jan. i. 21/3 Scotch black-faced ewes gain access to cliff-grazing from the pasture fields behind.
pasture grass n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > herb or herbaceous plant > [noun] > herbage or grass > cultivated or for pasture
pasturea1400
fogc1400
vesture1455
vestiturec1460
pasturagea1522
feed1580
agistment1598
pasture grass1628
ear-grass1686
artificial grass1733
seeds1794
tath1807
green stuff1895
1628 T. May tr. Virgil Georgicks iii. 48 If they'le not fill the pit, the soile is thin, And best for Vineyards, and for pasture grasse.
1765 Museum Rusticum 4 179 We have weighed it green, that is, just after mowing, against all the other pasture grasses, and it out-weighs them all.
1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Miner's Right III. xxix. 10 The pasture grasses..burgeon with tropical rapidity of growth.
1988 Conservation Biol. 2 310 One agroindustry's pasture grass is another agroindustry's fire hazard.
pasture ground n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture
leasowc950
leasea1000
pasturea1300
common pasturea1325
grassland1324
laund1340
lea1357
gang1413
feedingc1430
grassa1500
raika1500
beast-gate1507
pasturagec1515
grazing1517
average1537
pasture groundc1537
walk1549
grassing1557
pastural1575
browsing1577
feed1580
pastureland1591
meadow pasture1614
green side1616
range1626
pastorage1628
tore1707
graziery1731
pasturing1759
permanent pasture1771
sweet-veld1785
walk land1797
run1804
sweet-grass1812
potrero1822
pasturage land1855
turn-out1895
lawn1899
c1537 J. Lamplugh in T. A. Beck Annales Furnesienses (1844) (note) Erleghecote haythe always beyn a hyrdewyke or pasture ground for the schepe of thabbottes of Furnes.
1668 in Connecticut Hist. Soc. Coll. (1912) XIV. 21 All that percell of pasture Ground lyeing on the east Side.
1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry x. 48 One Acre of Turneps will then Maintain more than Fifty of Meadow, or Pasture Ground.
1841 H. S. Foote Texas & Texans I. 14 The tide of indiscriminate havoc..[marked] its dreadful course with..the spoliation of her fair plantations and pasture-grounds.
1995 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 53 1117 Emperor Wu's policies of cessation of tribute payments, seizure of the pasture grounds of the nomadic elite [etc.]
pasture-man n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > herding > herdsman or woman
herdc725
herdmanc1000
lookera1225
tripherd1305
hogger1327
pastorc1400
pastorelc1440
leader1495
pasture-man1547
herd-maid1588
herdsman1603
pastoral1607
feeder1611
creaght1634
herder1635
keep1641
creaghter1653
town herd1760
herd-boy1799
stock-keeper1806
senn1826
herd-girla1856
herd-laddie1865
pastoralist1879
1547 6 Oct. in R. H. Tawney & E. Power Tudor Econ. Documents (1951) I. iv. 182 Pasture men, because ther cattell is bothe greater and carieth more wolle, to paie for every sheere sheepe thre half pens.
1991 R. A. Schrader Kallaloo 91 Two pasturemen who lived and worked on the estate drove the cattle out to pasture daily and returned them to pens in the afternoon.
pasture right n.
ΚΠ
1873 Scribner's Monthly Dec. 193/1 Most of the requisitions were thus conceded: the handmills especially, and the pasture rights.
2002 Human Ecol. (Nexis) 1 Mar. 49 Lineal inheritance is a longstanding basis for pasture rights in Mongolian society.
pasture sheep n.
ΚΠ
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxiiiiv Pasture shepe..syldome rote but with myldewes.
c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme xcv. 20 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 143 We by him ledd, And by him fedd, His people are, we are his pasture sheepe.
1989 S. G. Hall & J. Clutton-Brock 200 Years Brit. Farm Livestock x. 135 The sheep for this new husbandry were derived from the ‘marsh’ or ‘pasture’ sheep of Lincolnshire, Somerset, and Kent.
pasture sod n.
ΚΠ
1839 F. D. Hemans Wks. VI. 174 O'er his green pasture-sod,..The patriarch walk'd with God.
1998 Pioneer Press (St. Paul, Minnesota) (Nexis) 27 June 7 b Tim Meehan said his father and uncle used to cut ‘pasture sod’ by hand.
C2.
pasture master n. English regional (northern) a manager of common pastures.
ΚΠ
1833 MS Indenture (York city) Pasture-master of Walmgate Ward.
1888 All Year Round 21 July 61/2 As you wander through its streets, you come across old names—Goodramgate, Spurriergate; hear odd expressions—duties of the pasture-masters.
2002 Hull Daily Mail (Nexis) 1 Oct. 8 The present managers, the Pasture Masters, are elected from dwindling ranks of town freemen and could die out.
pasture plover n. North American the upland sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda, of northern North America.
ΚΠ
1907 N.E.D. at Plover Pasture p [lover] = field plover (b).
1917 T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. I. 247/2 Upland Plover... Other Names... Pasture Plover.
1956 Bull. Mass. Audubon Soc. 40 17 Pasture Plover.
pasture rose n. North American a wild rose, esp. Rosa carolina; (also) a bloom of this plant.
ΚΠ
1899 C. MacMillan Minnesota Plant Life xxx. 291 The swamp rose and the pasture rose may be known by the presence of a pair of extra large prickles just below the stipules at the base of each leaf.
1967 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 8 July 4/3 The wild pasture rose..opens its five-petal blossom in the morning and closes the petals at night.
pasture thistle n. U.S. a North American thistle, Cirsium pumilum.
ΚΠ
1824 J. Bigelow Florula Bostoniensis (ed. 2) 292 Cnicus pumilis... Pasture thistle... Very common in dry pastures and by road sides.
2000 National Wildlife (Electronic ed.) Aug.–Sept. The showiest native is pasture thistle with pale magenta flower heads that are two to three inches across.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pasturev.

Brit. /ˈpɑːstʃə/, /ˈpastʃə/, U.S. /ˈpæstʃər/, /ˈpæʃtʃər/
Forms: see pasture n.; also Middle English pastere; Scottish 1600s pastiur, 1700s paster.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pasturer.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French pasturer to feed flocks, to graze (12th cent. in Old French; French pâturer ) < pasture : see pasture n. Compare post-classical Latin pasturare (of animal) to graze (1230, 1400 in British sources), to put to graze, feed (frequently from 1275 in British sources), Old Occitan, Occitan pasturar (c1150), Catalan pasturar (c1200), Spanish pasturar (1377–96), Italian pasturare to graze (1280–97), to feed, nourish (a1321; a1294 used intransitively).
I. Senses relating to cattle, sheep, and other hoofed mammals.
1. intransitive. To feed by grazing on pasture; to graze.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by eating habits > [verb (intransitive)] > graze
pasturea1393
depasture1586
grass1596
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 2915 (MED) He lich an Oxe schal Pasture.
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 201 (MED) Þei sende forth þo mares for to pasturen aboute þo hilles.
1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1650/1 Suche cattayle as were founde pasturing abroade neare to the walles.
1653 Gloria & Narcissus i. 248 A delightfull piesage, where many flockes of sheep seemingly, pastured by a goodly river side.
1712 J. Norris Profitable Advice for Rich & Poor 51 Keeping the Calves Inclos'd, within a good rail-fenc'd Field, of good Grass, for them to Pasture in.
1765 Answers for Proprietors of Shawhead to Petition Duke of Queensberry 12 The cattle of Blackfoord pasturing upon the Commonty.
1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. I. iii. 67 The springboks and wildebeests pastured before the door.
1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out x. 148 Between the thin stems of the plane trees the young men could see little knots of donkeys pasturing.
1954 W. G. Hoskins Devon v. 93 He had a flock of over 700 sheep pasturing on the downs.
2. transitive. To feed (livestock) by letting them graze on pasture; to put out or lead to pasture.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [verb (transitive)] > pasture
leasowc950
feed1382
pasturec1400
grassc1500
graze1564
to put out1600
summer1601
impasture1614
depasture1713
run1767
range1816
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] > pasture
leasowc950
feed1382
pasturec1400
to put to grass1471
grassc1500
to turn out?1523
graze1564
impasture1614
put1620
depasture1713
run1767
to run out1851
c1400 Life St. Anne (Minn.) (1928) 256 (MED) Iochachim, hamward þan gun he draw With hys bestes..& pastured þam all wele be þe way.
a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 87 (MED) When men..pastureþ here beestes and no perel supposith, þan enemyes falleþ on most sodaynlyche.
a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 199 (MED) The aungel come to Joachym there where he pastured his flokke.
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre i. xi. 276 Here Uzziah pastured his cattel.
1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 276 The land is manured..by pasturing the cattle upon it. View more context for this quotation
1800 tr. L.-P. Anquetil Summary Universal Hist. III. 428 The pure and gentle happiness of a shepherd pasturing his flock on his own land.
1877 W. C. Bryant Sella 332 Whose flocks Were pastured on the borders of her stream.
1905 Daily Chron. 19 Sept. 3/1 This Argus, as he is called, pastures the heifer, and never goes to sleep.
2000 U.S. Catholic (Nexis) 65 16 Shepherds were often thought to be thieving and pasturing their flocks on other people's land.
3.
a. transitive. To use (land) as grassland rather than arable; to graze livestock on (land).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > management of pasture > use as pasture [verb (transitive)]
pasture1434
agista1450
graze1603
impasture1649
feeda1652
summer eat1727
stock1794
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating by animals > feed on or forage for (of animals) [verb (transitive)] > graze on
pasture1434
graze1667
1434 in L. Morsbach Mittelengl. Originalurkunden (1923) 16 (MED) Duryngge the terme of iiii of þe laste yeris, the seyde landis to be pasturid and not ysowe.
?c1470 in E. Curtis Cal. Ormond Deeds (1932) II. 355 They shall pasture ye grond and pay ye costemys that ys assignyt to ye grond.
1533–4 Act 25 Hen. VIII c. 13 §10 They shall permitte..the..lessees..to manure and pasture the saide quillettes.
1604 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 435 No man shall pasture the stubbell while the corne is upon the ground.
1789 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 2 68 Do not mow it, but pasture it every summer.
1877 H. Stewart Irrigation for Farm, Garden, & Orchard 155 After a field is pastured, it should be rolled with a smooth, heavy roller.
1901 J. Muir Our National Parks 5 The great Central Valley of California..is ploughed and pastured out of existence, gone forever.
1990 D. Kline Great Possessions p. xvi The next spring and summer several cuttings of hay are made and then the hayfield is pastured in the fall.
b. transitive. Of livestock: to feed on or graze (grassland).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by eating habits > [verb (transitive)] > graze or crop
crop1362
pasture?c1470
shear1610
graze1667
shack1904
?c1470 in E. Curtis Cal. Ormond Deeds (1932) II. 355 For every beste yt pasturit ye grond, iiii d.
1550 R. Bowes in J. C. Hodgson Hist. Northumberland: Pt. III (1828) II. 211 Theire Cattell doe pasture & eate the said ground.
1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 116 The steeds, that pastured his uncle's domains.
?a1828 D. Wordsworth Jrnl. Tour Continent in Jrnls. (1941) II. 121 These heights were pastured by cattle.
1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. I. ix. 178 The plains..were pastured short and bare by the endless herds of game.
1975 C. Taylor Fields in Eng. Landscape iv. 71 Both arable and meadowland were pastured by the stock of the same farmers after the harvest.
4.
a. transitive. Of land: to provide sustenance for (grazing livestock), to support. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > provide pasture [verb (transitive)] > provide pasture for
pasture1520
depasture1805
1520 in W. C. Dickinson Sheriff Court Bk. Fife (1928) 178 Of scheip the said lordschip will pastore in gyrsing xviii score wytht the maire.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. xii. 14 [The country] pastoureth in the valley a great number of oxen.
1826 G. Simson Let. 5 Jan. in Part of Dispatch (1947) 168 The Point on which the Companys Establishment of Fort Vancouver is situated is..capable of..pasturing numerous herds of cattle.
b. intransitive. Of land: to provide pasture. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > produce grass [verb (intransitive)] > serve as pasture
graze1625
pasture1655
to lie shack1787
1655 R. Child in S. Hartlib Legacy (ed. 3) 156 That the place might pasture the better for their young Cattle.
II. Senses relating to humans, and animals other than hoofed mammals.
5.
a. intransitive. To feed, to eat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by eating habits > [verb (intransitive)]
pasturec1425
victual1577
c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 13 (MED) Whan þei [sc. hares] pasturen of too herbes, þat oon is clepyd Soepol and þat oþer Pulegiun, þei be stronge and fast rennyng.
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. vi. 137 The cok..began to crowe and to pasture.
c1500 (a1449) J. Lydgate Isopes Fabules (Trin. Cambr.) 195 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 573 (MED) Precious stonys noþyng apperteyne To gese nor fovlys þat pasture on þe grene.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Rembuschement, a reimbushment; the place whereat wild beasts enter into a thicket after that they haue preyed, or pastured.
1793 J. Leslie tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Birds IX. 48 Several of these small bodies [of geese]..form larger squadrons..; which we sometimes see alight in our fields, where they are very destructive, pasturing on the green corn.
1855 P. J. Bailey Mystic & Other Poems 98 Flutter-flies..On violets pasturing, their congenerate food.
1861 G. Meredith Evan Harrington I. xi. 206 The sight of a gentleman..pasturing on plain cheese.
1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out iv The mammoths who pastured in the fields of Richmond High Street.
1992 Great Lakes Fisherman Jan. 11/1 In the river depths..is where biologists had hoped the 7-inch fish would ‘pasture’, grow fat and mature.
b. intransitive. figurative (poetic).
ΚΠ
1590 E. Spenser Muiopotmos 176 He..pastures on the pleasures of each place.
a1849 T. L. Beddoes Poems (1851) I. 161 Is there not gone My life into her, which I pasture on?
1861 J. C. H. Fane & Ld. Lytton Tannhäuser 56 Who hath embraced thee..And pastured on thy royal kiss.
a1916 J. Todhunter Poison Flower (1927) iii. 127 See with what a craving appetite I pasture on thy poisons.
1942 J. M. Brinnin Sel. Poems (1963) 20 To measure space I pastured on surprise.
6.
a. transitive. To nourish spiritually; to foster (a quality). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > further [verb (transitive)]
furtherc888
to bring onc1230
advancea1250
speeda1300
nourishc1300
avaunt1393
promotec1433
pasture?a1439
advantage?1459
promove1475
preferc1503
conduce1518
to set forth1528
to set forward(s)1530
to take forth1530
fillip1551
help1559
farther1570
foster1571
shoulder1577
to put forward1579
seconda1586
foment1596
hearten1598
to put on1604
fomentate1613
succeed1613
expeditea1618
producea1618
maturate1623
cultivate1641
encourage1677
push1693
forward1780
progress1780
admove1839
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iv. 55 (MED) The foode of our inward reffut..Han our corages fostred & pasturid Be writyng onli.
1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Silas Marner x A very mild, patient woman, whose nature it was to seek out all the..more serious elements of life, and pasture her mind upon them.
1891 W. D. Howells Crit. & Fiction 12 Some sweet elderly lady or excellent gentleman whose youth was pastured on the literature of thirty or forty years ago.
b. transitive. literal. To feed (a person or animal), supply with food. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)]
afeedeOE
foddereOE
feedc950
fosterc1175
fooda1225
nourishc1300
nurshc1325
nourishc1384
abechea1393
relievec1425
norrya1450
nurturea1450
pasturec1450
foisonc1485
bield1488
aliment1490
repast1494
nutrifya1500
repatera1522
battle1548
forage1552
nurse1591
substantiate1592
refeed1615
alumnate1656
focillate1656
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 5425 Ȝit ware þai [sc. adders] pasturde of pepir..Of gyloffre & of gingere.
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 98 (MED) He ordeynid for fostering..of this childe..iij norisis, scil. on to wasshe his clothis, anoþere to fede or to pasture him with pappe, [etc.].
1572 W. Forrest Theophilus 242 A bushoppe haveinge greate numbers to pasture and fede.
1847 T. T. Stoddart Angler's Compan. 32 In Leet or Eden, a trout of the second year's growth is as heavy as a three or even four years old fish pastured among the channels of Tweed or Ettrick.
1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 103 The coach leaves W. at five..and one must breakfast..at..four,..the passengers being pastured gregariously.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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