pasturen.

Brit.

/ˈpɑːstʃə/,

/ˈpastʃə/, U.S.

/ˈpæstʃər/,

/ˈpæʃtʃər/

Forms: Middle English pasturre, Middle English–1500s pastor, Middle English–1500s pastour, Middle English–1500s pastoure, Middle English–1500s (1900s– English regional (Yorkshire)) paster, Middle English–1600s pastur, Middle English– pasture, 1500s pastorre; U.S. regional 1800s pastur, 1900s– pastuh (in African-American usage); also Scottish pre-1700 pastore, pre-1700 pastour, pre-1700 pastuir, pre-1700 pastuyr, 1800s pastur, 1900s– paster.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pastour; Latin pastura.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pastour, Anglo-Norman and Middle French pasture pastureland, animal feed (12th cent. in Old French, 13th cent. in sense ‘action of feeding’, 1245 with reference to human sustenance; French pâture ) and its etymon post-classical Latin pastura place suitable for grazing animals (4th or 5th cent.), action of feeding animals (5th cent.), food (5th cent.), right of pasturage (8th cent.) < classical Latin pāst- , past participial stem of pāscere to feed, graze (see pascent adj.) + -ūra -ure suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan, Occitan pastura (a1150), Catalan pastura (1150), Spanish pastura (1135), Italian pastura (a1292; a1321 in sense ‘spiritual nourishment’).

a. A piece of grassy land used for or suitable for the grazing of animals, esp. cattle or sheep; pastureland.Recorded earliest in ox pasture n. at ox n. Compounds 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture

leasowc950

leasea1000

pasturea1300

common pasturea1325

grassland1324

laund1340

lea1357

gang1413

feedingc1430

grassa1500

raika1500

beast-gate1507

pasturagec1515

grazing1517

average1537

pasture groundc1537

walk1549

grassing1557

pastural1575

browsing1577

feed1580

pastureland1591

meadow pasture1614

green side1616

range1626

pastorage1628

tore1707

graziery1731

pasturing1759

permanent pasture1771

sweet-veld1785

walk land1797

run1804

sweet-grass1812

potrero1822

pasturage land1855

turn-out1895

lawn1899

a1300 in A. H. Smith Place-names E. Riding Yorks. & York (1937) 327 (MED) Oxpasture.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 168 Synay is an hiȝe mount and noble and worthi to pasture and bereth beste herbes and gras.

1450 Rolls of Parl. V. 191/1 The arbages and pastures of Radam Park.

a1550 Vox Populi 718 in W. C. Hazlit Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. III. 293 Suche lyke comonwelthe wasters, That of erable groundes make pasters.

1595 E. Spenser Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. B3 And where may I the hills and pastures see, On which she vseth for to feed her sheepe?

1697 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 350 Carum grows plentifully in our Pastures; the seed they call Saxifrage.

1714 in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1883) XX. 179 A pasture for Milch Cows and Rideing Horses.

1787 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 2) I. §636. 475 Wild White Campion... Pastures, hedges, and fallow fields.

a1862 H. D. Thoreau Cape Cod (1865) v. 82 Many horses were still turned out to pasture all summer.

1925 Z. A. Tilghman Dugout 106 There white-faced Herefords graze in the fenced pastures.

2000 Guardian 2 Dec. (Travel section) 11/1 The people of Laxton were cultivating about 720 acres of arable land, with about 40 acres of pasture for mowing.

†b. A place of spiritual nourishment; heaven. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > heaven > [noun]

bliss971

heavenOE

paradiseOE

towera1240

seatc1275

heavenwarda1300

Abraham's bosomc1300

tabernaclea1340

wonea1350

sanctuary1382

pasturec1384

firmament1388

sky?1518

Canaan1548

welkin1559

happy land1562

sphere?1592

heavenwards1614

afterworld1615

patria1707

god-home1848

overworld1858

the invisible1868

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Ezek. xxxiv. 14 In pasturis most plenteuouse Y shal feede hem.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) 18449 (MED) Þat pastur es cald heuen blis.

a1456 (a1402) J. Trevisa tr. Gospel of Nicodemus (BL Add.) f. 113^v (MED) Oure Lord..hast egiven hem lyff þat is certain in þy goostely fat pastoure.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 441. ¶10 The Lord my Pasture shall prepare.

c. A field or area of thought or activity. Esp. in pastures new (in allusion to quot. 1638).

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > [noun] > newness, freshness, or originality > pastures new

pastures new1579

1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue f. 42 They will..driue vs to poysoned pastures.

1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 25 in Justa Edouardo King To morrow to fresh woods and pastures new.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 429 When homeward from their wat'ry Pastures born, They sing, and Asia's Lakes their Notes return.

1818 J. Keats Endymion iii. 105 There are..who unpen Their baaing vanities, to browse away The comfortable green and juicy hay From human pastures.

1887 S. Newland Far North Country 33 When horse-stealing, horse-swindling and horse-sweating are put down then the ‘spieler’ must reform or seek pastures new.

1901 Scotsman 5 Mar. 9/3 The pleasant literary pastures of Oxford's bookshops.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvi. [Eumaeus] 614 Wrapped in the arms of Murphy, as the adage has it, dreaming of fresh fields and pastures new.

1975 L. Gillen Return to Deepwater i. 6 He had always resolutely refused to leave his native heath..and..had never felt the need to seek pastures new.

2003 Sunday Tasmanian (Nexis) 9 Mar. Mr Crombie has already moved on to fresh pastures forming a ‘singles group’ at St Ninians.

†2.

a. Spiritual nourishment. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > [noun] > spiritual sustenance

soul foodc1175

mannaa1200

pasturec1350

red meat1933

c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) xx. 1 (MED) In þe stede of pasture [L. pascuæ] he sett me þer.

c1440 (?c1350) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 41 (MED) Euer-mare moghte man fynde pasture.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xxii. 1 In sted of pasture thar he me sett..in that sted he me set to be norist til perfeccioun.

b. Food, sustenance. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > [noun]

meateOE

eatOE

foodOE

fodderOE

dietc1230

gista1290

victual1303

victualsa1375

preya1382

feedinga1398

pasturea1398

viancea1400

viandsc1400

livingc1405

meatingc1425

vitalyc1440

vianda1450

cates1461

vivers1536

viandry1542

viander1543

gut-matter1549

peck1567

belly-cheer1579

appast1580

manchet1583

chat1584

belly-metal1590

repasture1598

cibaries1599

belly-timber1607

belly-cheat1608

peckage1610

victuallage1622

keeping1644

vivresa1650

crib1652

prog1655

grub1659

beef1661

fooding1663

teething1673

eatablea1687

sunket1686

yam1788

chow-chow1795

keep1801

feed1818

grubbing1819

patter1824

ninyam1826

nyam1828

grubbery1831

tack1834

kai1845

mungaree1846

scoff1846

foodstuff1847

chuck1850

muckamuck1852

tuck1857

tucker1858

hash1865

nosh1873

jock1879

cake flour1881

chow1886

nosebag1888

stodge1890

food aid1900

tackle1900

munga1907

scarf1932

grubber1959

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 140 Pestilencia..passiþ al þe kynde of a man and takeþ pasture of fedinge þerof [L. totam naturam hominis deambulat & depascit].

a1456 J. Lydgate Bycorne & Chychevache (Trin. Cambr. R.3.20) 83 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 436 (MED) On me no fattnesse wol beo seene By cause þat pasture I fynde noon.

?1521 A. Barclay Bk. Codrus & Mynalcas sig. A^v Suche fulsome pasture, made hym a double chynne.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. x. sig. Nn Todes and frogs, his pasture poysonous.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii Shoales of Fish..Graze the Sea weed thir pasture .

1786 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 60 What effect changes of pasture and temperature would have on the fisheries.

1887 R. L. Stevenson Let. 22 Aug. The berths are excellent, the pasture swallowable.

†a. The action of feeding (on the part of an animal); spec. the action of grazing. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by eating habits > eating habits > [noun] > feeding or grazing

pasturec1390

feed1575

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [noun] > fattened or bred for slaughter > at pasture > feeding

pasturec1390

pasturingc1390

c1390 G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale 4375 Leue I this Chauntecleer in his pasture.

c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 10 (MED) Houndes most nede..vndo al þat she [sc. a hare] haþ doo of alle þe nyght, of here walkyng and of here pasture, into the tyme þat þhei stert hure.

b. at pasture: grazing.

ΚΠ

1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. ev^v Iff ye se where the haare at pasture hath bene.

1865 E. C. Gaskell Cousin Phillis i. 36 She and I..coaxed the sick cow, Daisy; and admired the others out at pasture.

1907 R. Muther Hist. Mod. Painting xvii. 385 The little shepherdess sitting dreamily on a bundle of straw near her flock at pasture.

1999 V. C. Peloso Peasants on Plantations iii. 69 The field oxen were at pasture and could not be moved.

4. The feeding or tending of animals; spec. the practice of putting livestock out into the field. Also figurative.Now only in common n.¹ and with allusion to biblical use (see quot. 1611).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > action or occupation of pasturing

pasturea1398

grazingc1440

pasturagea1522

feed1575

running1577

graziery1762

pasturing1819

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 164 In hillis is plente of herbes, gras, and lese; þay ben acordynge to pasture of shepe and of oþer bestes.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 9 (MED) Tilynge is vs to write of euery londe..eek pasture and housynge.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xciv. 7 Folke of his pasture and shepe of his hend.

1611 Bible (King James) Psalms xcv. 7 For he is our God, and we are the people of his pasture, and the sheepe of his hand.

2001 Africa News (Nexis) 30 Nov. God..calls us His sheep and the people of His pasture.

5. Grass or other herbage for grazing livestock to feed on; = pasturage n. 3a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > pasture

pasturea1400

pasturagea1522

bite1768

long crop1787

nibble1875

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > herb or herbaceous plant > [noun] > herbage or grass > cultivated or for pasture

pasturea1400

fogc1400

vesture1455

vestiturec1460

pasturagea1522

feed1580

agistment1598

pasture grass1628

ear-grass1686

artificial grass1733

seeds1794

tath1807

green stuff1895

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) 2448 Bot fra þair stor bigan to spr[e]de, Þair pastur gan to wax al nede [a1400 Vesp. bigan to knede].

1480 W. Caxton Descr. Brit. 45 Her londe is fruytefull ynough in pasture.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) John x. f. cxxxvj He shalbe safe, and shall goo in and out, and fynde pasture.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 139^v The Lambes..must be well cherished in their weaning time with good pasture.

1607 G. Percy Observ. in S. Purchas Pilgrimes (1625) IV. ix. ii. 1689 Large Medowes hauing excellent good pasture for any Cattle.

1700 M. Prior Written in Robe's Geogr. 17 Twenty acres..For pasture ten, and ten for plough.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 188 The advantage of enclosure is greater for pasture than for corn.

1842 J. Bischoff Comprehensive Hist. Woollen Manuf. II. 283 Pasture has a great influence on the fineness of the fleece.

1911 J. Muir My First Summer in Sierra 47 There are no large meadows or grassy plains near camp to supply lasting pasture for our thousands of busy nibblers.

1988 Maclean's 6 June 50/1 That means less pasture for livestock so that ranchers have to rely more on stored feed.

6. to put (also drive, turn, etc.) out to pasture.

a. To put (an animal) out to graze on grassland; (hence) to relieve (a horse or other working animal) of its duties, esp. when it is old.

ΚΠ

1657 G. Thornley tr. Longus Daphnis & Chloe iii. 123 It was now the beginning of the Spring, the Snow was gone, the Earth uncovered, and all was green, when the other Shepards drove out their flocks to pasture.

1804 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry I. ix. 79 Meaning to remain some time in a certain town to which he came, the Captain had his horse put out to pasture.

1866 H. Bliss Thecla iii. i. 85 Some old courser, first in many a test, But now turned out to pasture and to rest.

1948 E. Forbes Running of Tide 441 The beasts had been put out to pasture.

2002 Innisfail (Austral.) Advocate (Nexis) 16 Nov. (Sport) 16 Innisfail Horse and Pony Club riders have hung up their riding boots and put their horses out to pasture for the 2002 season.

b. figurative. To retire (a person), to make (a person) redundant; to cease using (a thing). out to pasture: retired; redundant; superseded.

ΚΠ

1868 Harper's Mag. Dec. 68/2 These five infants, on whom I had expended so much surplus energy, were turned out to pasture without any compunctions of conscience.

1909 R. B. Perry Moral Econ. 210 It frees the mind from its harness and puts it out to pasture.

1991 Boston June 114/1 Vintage clothing long since put out to pasture is guided onto the comeback trail by the skilled hands of clothing restylers.

1992 L. Woidwode Indian Affairs i. 16 This crew-cut shyster built like a football player out to pasture.

1997 Internet Mag. Jan. 45 Have online services been reborn in the light of the Internet or is it time to put them out to pasture?

†7. U.S.

a. The part of a deep-water weir which fish first enter. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1890 Cent. Dict. Pasture... 4. In the fisheries, one of the compartments of a deep-water weir..; that part of a weir which the fish first enter.

b. An inshore rocky area used by cod for spawning. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Pasture... (2) (New Eng.) An inshore spawning-ground for codfish.

Phrases

common of pasture n. the right to use common land for the grazing of animals. [After post-classical Latin communa pasture (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) and Anglo-Norman comune de pasture (late 13th cent.).]

ΚΠ

1411 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1411 §13. m. 14 Touchyng the forsayd matere of commune of pasture and turf gravyng, [etc.].

1552 Anno quinto et sexto Eduardi Sexti: Actes c. 14 f. xxiij If any persone..shall buye any maner of Oxen,..& sel thesame againe aliue, onles he..do kepe, & fede thesame..in suche ground, or grouundes where he, or they haue the herbage, or common of pasture..: that then euerry persone..so buieng and sellyng againe shal lose the double value of the cattall.

1649 W. Blith Eng. Improver ii. 18 Whether it be Commons or Commune of Pastures upon those great and vast Commons.

1893 Western Gaz. 1 Dec. 2/2 Of these Forest rights that of common of pasture is by far the most valuable and esteemed.

2010 Guardian (Nexis) 17 Mar. (Home section) 8 The rights include common of pasture, which permits ponies, horned cattle and donkeys to graze the 45,000 acres of open forest.

Compounds

C1.

pasture field n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture > enclosed pasture

ham901

green yard1418

pasture field1464

ward1473

butt1542

paddock1547

septuma1552

staff1786

camp1877

night paddock1922

run-off1933

1464 Rolls of Parl. V. 541/1 A Tenemente in Ingowe called the Pasture feeld.

1567 G. Turberville tr. G. B. Spagnoli Eglogs 87 This makes the goodly flocks and Pasture fieldes so fatte.

1628 T. May tr. Virgil Georgicks iii. 89 When..dew refreshing on the Pasture fields The Moone bestowes, Kings-fishers play on shore.

a1799 in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) (1807) 97 135 The bare and brown, or highly cloathed and verdant circles in pasture fields called Fairy-rings.

1874 G. M. Hopkins Jrnls. & Papers (1959) 251 I sat down in the lap or fold of a steep slanting pasturefield.

1995 Guardian 18 Jan. i. 21/3 Scotch black-faced ewes gain access to cliff-grazing from the pasture fields behind.

pasture grass n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > herb or herbaceous plant > [noun] > herbage or grass > cultivated or for pasture

pasturea1400

fogc1400

vesture1455

vestiturec1460

pasturagea1522

feed1580

agistment1598

pasture grass1628

ear-grass1686

artificial grass1733

seeds1794

tath1807

green stuff1895

1628 T. May tr. Virgil Georgicks iii. 48 If they'le not fill the pit, the soile is thin, And best for Vineyards, and for pasture grasse.

1765 Museum Rusticum 4 179 We have weighed it green, that is, just after mowing, against all the other pasture grasses, and it out-weighs them all.

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Miner's Right III. xxix. 10 The pasture grasses..burgeon with tropical rapidity of growth.

1988 Conservation Biol. 2 310 One agroindustry's pasture grass is another agroindustry's fire hazard.

pasture ground n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture

leasowc950

leasea1000

pasturea1300

common pasturea1325

grassland1324

laund1340

lea1357

gang1413

feedingc1430

grassa1500

raika1500

beast-gate1507

pasturagec1515

grazing1517

average1537

pasture groundc1537

walk1549

grassing1557

pastural1575

browsing1577

feed1580

pastureland1591

meadow pasture1614

green side1616

range1626

pastorage1628

tore1707

graziery1731

pasturing1759

permanent pasture1771

sweet-veld1785

walk land1797

run1804

sweet-grass1812

potrero1822

pasturage land1855

turn-out1895

lawn1899

c1537 J. Lamplugh in T. A. Beck Annales Furnesienses (1844) (note) Erleghecote haythe always beyn a hyrdewyke or pasture ground for the schepe of thabbottes of Furnes.

1668 in Connecticut Hist. Soc. Coll. (1912) XIV. 21 All that percell of pasture Ground lyeing on the east Side.

1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry x. 48 One Acre of Turneps will then Maintain more than Fifty of Meadow, or Pasture Ground.

1841 H. S. Foote Texas & Texans I. 14 The tide of indiscriminate havoc..[marked] its dreadful course with..the spoliation of her fair plantations and pasture-grounds.

1995 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 53 1117 Emperor Wu's policies of cessation of tribute payments, seizure of the pasture grounds of the nomadic elite [etc.]

pasture-man n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > herding > herdsman or woman

herdc725

herdmanc1000

lookera1225

tripherd1305

hogger1327

pastorc1400

pastorelc1440

leader1495

pasture-man1547

herd-maid1588

herdsman1603

pastoral1607

feeder1611

creaght1634

herder1635

keep1641

creaghter1653

town herd1760

herd-boy1799

stock-keeper1806

senn1826

herd-girla1856

herd-laddie1865

pastoralist1879

1547 6 Oct. in R. H. Tawney & E. Power Tudor Econ. Documents (1951) I. iv. 182 Pasture men, because ther cattell is bothe greater and carieth more wolle, to paie for every sheere sheepe thre half pens.

1991 R. A. Schrader Kallaloo 91 Two pasturemen who lived and worked on the estate drove the cattle out to pasture daily and returned them to pens in the afternoon.

pasture right n.

ΚΠ

1873 Scribner's Monthly Dec. 193/1 Most of the requisitions were thus conceded: the handmills especially, and the pasture rights.

2002 Human Ecol. (Nexis) 1 Mar. 49 Lineal inheritance is a longstanding basis for pasture rights in Mongolian society.

pasture sheep n.

ΚΠ

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxiiii^v Pasture shepe..syldome rote but with myldewes.

c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme xcv. 20 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 143 We by him ledd, And by him fedd, His people are, we are his pasture sheepe.

1989 S. G. Hall & J. Clutton-Brock 200 Years Brit. Farm Livestock x. 135 The sheep for this new husbandry were derived from the ‘marsh’ or ‘pasture’ sheep of Lincolnshire, Somerset, and Kent.

pasture sod n.

ΚΠ

1839 F. D. Hemans Wks. VI. 174 O'er his green pasture-sod,..The patriarch walk'd with God.

1998 Pioneer Press (St. Paul, Minnesota) (Nexis) 27 June 7 b Tim Meehan said his father and uncle used to cut ‘pasture sod’ by hand.

C2.

pasture master n. English regional (northern) a manager of common pastures.

ΚΠ

1833 MS Indenture (York city) Pasture-master of Walmgate Ward.

1888 All Year Round 21 July 61/2 As you wander through its streets, you come across old names—Goodramgate, Spurriergate; hear odd expressions—duties of the pasture-masters.

2002 Hull Daily Mail (Nexis) 1 Oct. 8 The present managers, the Pasture Masters, are elected from dwindling ranks of town freemen and could die out.

pasture plover n. North American the upland sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda, of northern North America.

ΚΠ

1907 N.E.D. at Plover Pasture p [lover] = field plover (b).

1917 T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. I. 247/2 Upland Plover... Other Names... Pasture Plover.

1956 Bull. Mass. Audubon Soc. 40 17 Pasture Plover.

pasture rose n. North American a wild rose, esp. Rosa carolina; (also) a bloom of this plant.

ΚΠ

1899 C. MacMillan Minnesota Plant Life xxx. 291 The swamp rose and the pasture rose may be known by the presence of a pair of extra large prickles just below the stipules at the base of each leaf.

1967 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 8 July 4/3 The wild pasture rose..opens its five-petal blossom in the morning and closes the petals at night.

pasture thistle n. U.S. a North American thistle, Cirsium pumilum.

ΚΠ

1824 J. Bigelow Florula Bostoniensis (ed. 2) 292 Cnicus pumilis... Pasture thistle... Very common in dry pastures and by road sides.

2000 National Wildlife (Electronic ed.) Aug.–Sept. The showiest native is pasture thistle with pale magenta flower heads that are two to three inches across.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pasturev.

Brit.

/ˈpɑːstʃə/,

/ˈpastʃə/, U.S.

/ˈpæstʃər/,

/ˈpæʃtʃər/

Forms: see pasture n.; also Middle English pastere; Scottish 1600s pastiur, 1700s paster.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pasturer.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French pasturer to feed flocks, to graze (12th cent. in Old French; French pâturer ) < pasture : see pasture n. Compare post-classical Latin pasturare (of animal) to graze (1230, 1400 in British sources), to put to graze, feed (frequently from 1275 in British sources), Old Occitan, Occitan pasturar (c1150), Catalan pasturar (c1200), Spanish pasturar (1377–96), Italian pasturare to graze (1280–97), to feed, nourish (a1321; a1294 used intransitively).

I. Senses relating to cattle, sheep, and other hoofed mammals.

1. intransitive. To feed by grazing on pasture; to graze.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by eating habits > [verb (intransitive)] > graze

pasturea1393

depasture1586

grass1596

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 2915 (MED) He lich an Oxe schal Pasture.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 201 (MED) Þei sende forth þo mares for to pasturen aboute þo hilles.

1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1650/1 Suche cattayle as were founde pasturing abroade neare to the walles.

1653 Gloria & Narcissus i. 248 A delightfull piesage, where many flockes of sheep seemingly, pastured by a goodly river side.

1712 J. Norris Profitable Advice for Rich & Poor 51 Keeping the Calves Inclos'd, within a good rail-fenc'd Field, of good Grass, for them to Pasture in.

1765 Answers for Proprietors of Shawhead to Petition Duke of Queensberry 12 The cattle of Blackfoord pasturing upon the Commonty.

1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. I. iii. 67 The springboks and wildebeests pastured before the door.

1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out x. 148 Between the thin stems of the plane trees the young men could see little knots of donkeys pasturing.

1954 W. G. Hoskins Devon v. 93 He had a flock of over 700 sheep pasturing on the downs.

2. transitive. To feed (livestock) by letting them graze on pasture; to put out or lead to pasture.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [verb (transitive)] > pasture

leasowc950

feed1382

pasturec1400

grassc1500

graze1564

to put out1600

summer1601

impasture1614

depasture1713

run1767

range1816

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] > pasture

leasowc950

feed1382

pasturec1400

to put to grass1471

grassc1500

to turn out?1523

graze1564

impasture1614

put1620

depasture1713

run1767

to run out1851

c1400 Life St. Anne (Minn.) (1928) 256 (MED) Iochachim, hamward þan gun he draw With hys bestes..& pastured þam all wele be þe way.

a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 87 (MED) When men..pastureþ here beestes and no perel supposith, þan enemyes falleþ on most sodaynlyche.

a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 199 (MED) The aungel come to Joachym there where he pastured his flokke.

1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre i. xi. 276 Here Uzziah pastured his cattel.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 276 The land is manured..by pasturing the cattle upon it.

1800 tr. L.-P. Anquetil Summary Universal Hist. III. 428 The pure and gentle happiness of a shepherd pasturing his flock on his own land.

1877 W. C. Bryant Sella 332 Whose flocks Were pastured on the borders of her stream.

1905 Daily Chron. 19 Sept. 3/1 This Argus, as he is called, pastures the heifer, and never goes to sleep.

2000 U.S. Catholic (Nexis) 65 16 Shepherds were often thought to be thieving and pasturing their flocks on other people's land.

a. transitive. To use (land) as grassland rather than arable; to graze livestock on (land).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > management of pasture > use as pasture [verb (transitive)]

pasture1434

agista1450

graze1603

impasture1649

feeda1652

summer eat1727

stock1794

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating by animals > feed on or forage for (of animals) [verb (transitive)] > graze on

pasture1434

graze1667

1434 in L. Morsbach Mittelengl. Originalurkunden (1923) 16 (MED) Duryngge the terme of iiii of þe laste yeris, the seyde landis to be pasturid and not ysowe.

?c1470 in E. Curtis Cal. Ormond Deeds (1932) II. 355 They shall pasture ye grond and pay ye costemys that ys assignyt to ye grond.

1533–4 Act 25 Hen. VIII c. 13 §10 They shall permitte..the..lessees..to manure and pasture the saide quillettes.

1604 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 435 No man shall pasture the stubbell while the corne is upon the ground.

1789 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 2 68 Do not mow it, but pasture it every summer.

1877 H. Stewart Irrigation for Farm, Garden, & Orchard 155 After a field is pastured, it should be rolled with a smooth, heavy roller.

1901 J. Muir Our National Parks 5 The great Central Valley of California..is ploughed and pastured out of existence, gone forever.

1990 D. Kline Great Possessions p. xvi The next spring and summer several cuttings of hay are made and then the hayfield is pastured in the fall.

b. transitive. Of livestock: to feed on or graze (grassland).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by eating habits > [verb (transitive)] > graze or crop

crop1362

pasture?c1470

shear1610

graze1667

shack1904

?c1470 in E. Curtis Cal. Ormond Deeds (1932) II. 355 For every beste yt pasturit ye grond, iiii d.

1550 R. Bowes in J. C. Hodgson Hist. Northumberland: Pt. III (1828) II. 211 Theire Cattell doe pasture & eate the said ground.

1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 116 The steeds, that pastured his uncle's domains.

?a1828 D. Wordsworth Jrnl. Tour Continent in Jrnls. (1941) II. 121 These heights were pastured by cattle.

1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. I. ix. 178 The plains..were pastured short and bare by the endless herds of game.

1975 C. Taylor Fields in Eng. Landscape iv. 71 Both arable and meadowland were pastured by the stock of the same farmers after the harvest.

†4.

a. transitive. Of land: to provide sustenance for (grazing livestock), to support. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > provide pasture [verb (transitive)] > provide pasture for

pasture1520

depasture1805

1520 in W. C. Dickinson Sheriff Court Bk. Fife (1928) 178 Of scheip the said lordschip will pastore in gyrsing xviii score wytht the maire.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. xii. 14 [The country] pastoureth in the valley a great number of oxen.

1826 G. Simson Let. 5 Jan. in Part of Dispatch (1947) 168 The Point on which the Companys Establishment of Fort Vancouver is situated is..capable of..pasturing numerous herds of cattle.

b. intransitive. Of land: to provide pasture. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > produce grass [verb (intransitive)] > serve as pasture

graze1625

pasture1655

to lie shack1787

1655 R. Child in S. Hartlib Legacy (ed. 3) 156 That the place might pasture the better for their young Cattle.

II. Senses relating to humans, and animals other than hoofed mammals.

a. intransitive. To feed, to eat.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by eating habits > [verb (intransitive)]

pasturec1425

victual1577

c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 13 (MED) Whan þei [sc. hares] pasturen of too herbes, þat oon is clepyd Soepol and þat oþer Pulegiun, þei be stronge and fast rennyng.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. vi. 137 The cok..began to crowe and to pasture.

c1500 (a1449) J. Lydgate Isopes Fabules (Trin. Cambr.) 195 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 573 (MED) Precious stonys noþyng apperteyne To gese nor fovlys þat pasture on þe grene.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Rembuschement, a reimbushment; the place whereat wild beasts enter into a thicket after that they haue preyed, or pastured.

1793 J. Leslie tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Birds IX. 48 Several of these small bodies [of geese]..form larger squadrons..; which we sometimes see alight in our fields, where they are very destructive, pasturing on the green corn.

1855 P. J. Bailey Mystic & Other Poems 98 Flutter-flies..On violets pasturing, their congenerate food.

1861 G. Meredith Evan Harrington I. xi. 206 The sight of a gentleman..pasturing on plain cheese.

1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out iv The mammoths who pastured in the fields of Richmond High Street.

1992 Great Lakes Fisherman Jan. 11/1 In the river depths..is where biologists had hoped the 7-inch fish would ‘pasture’, grow fat and mature.

b. intransitive. figurative (poetic).

ΚΠ

1590 E. Spenser Muiopotmos 176 He..pastures on the pleasures of each place.

a1849 T. L. Beddoes Poems (1851) I. 161 Is there not gone My life into her, which I pasture on?

1861 J. C. H. Fane & Ld. Lytton Tannhäuser 56 Who hath embraced thee..And pastured on thy royal kiss.

a1916 J. Todhunter Poison Flower (1927) iii. 127 See with what a craving appetite I pasture on thy poisons.

1942 J. M. Brinnin Sel. Poems (1963) 20 To measure space I pastured on surprise.

†6.

a. transitive. To nourish spiritually; to foster (a quality). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > further [verb (transitive)]

furtherc888

to bring onc1230

advancea1250

speeda1300

nourishc1300

avaunt1393

promotec1433

pasture?a1439

advantage?1459

promove1475

preferc1503

conduce1518

to set forth1528

to set forward(s)1530

to take forth1530

fillip1551

help1559

farther1570

foster1571

shoulder1577

to put forward1579

seconda1586

foment1596

hearten1598

to put on1604

fomentate1613

succeed1613

expeditea1618

producea1618

maturate1623

cultivate1641

encourage1677

push1693

forward1780

progress1780

admove1839

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iv. 55 (MED) The foode of our inward reffut..Han our corages fostred & pasturid Be writyng onli.

1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Silas Marner x A very mild, patient woman, whose nature it was to seek out all the..more serious elements of life, and pasture her mind upon them.

1891 W. D. Howells Crit. & Fiction 12 Some sweet elderly lady or excellent gentleman whose youth was pastured on the literature of thirty or forty years ago.

b. transitive. literal. To feed (a person or animal), supply with food. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)]

afeedeOE

foddereOE

feedc950

fosterc1175

fooda1225

nourishc1300

nurshc1325

nourishc1384

abechea1393

relievec1425

norrya1450

nurturea1450

pasturec1450

foisonc1485

bield1488

aliment1490

repast1494

nutrifya1500

repatera1522

battle1548

forage1552

nurse1591

substantiate1592

refeed1615

alumnate1656

focillate1656

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 5425 Ȝit ware þai [sc. adders] pasturde of pepir..Of gyloffre & of gingere.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 98 (MED) He ordeynid for fostering..of this childe..iij norisis, scil. on to wasshe his clothis, anoþere to fede or to pasture him with pappe, [etc.].

1572 W. Forrest Theophilus 242 A bushoppe haveinge greate numbers to pasture and fede.

1847 T. T. Stoddart Angler's Compan. 32 In Leet or Eden, a trout of the second year's growth is as heavy as a three or even four years old fish pastured among the channels of Tweed or Ettrick.

1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 103 The coach leaves W. at five..and one must breakfast..at..four,..the passengers being pastured gregariously.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	pasture
释义	pasturen. Brit. /ˈpɑːstʃə/, /ˈpastʃə/, U.S. /ˈpæstʃər/, /ˈpæʃtʃər/ Forms: Middle English pasturre, Middle English–1500s pastor, Middle English–1500s pastour, Middle English–1500s pastoure, Middle English–1500s (1900s– English regional (Yorkshire)) paster, Middle English–1600s pastur, Middle English– pasture, 1500s pastorre; U.S. regional 1800s pastur, 1900s– pastuh (in African-American usage); also Scottish pre-1700 pastore, pre-1700 pastour, pre-1700 pastuir, pre-1700 pastuyr, 1800s pastur, 1900s– paster. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pastour; Latin pastura. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pastour, Anglo-Norman and Middle French pasture pastureland, animal feed (12th cent. in Old French, 13th cent. in sense ‘action of feeding’, 1245 with reference to human sustenance; French pâture ) and its etymon post-classical Latin pastura place suitable for grazing animals (4th or 5th cent.), action of feeding animals (5th cent.), food (5th cent.), right of pasturage (8th cent.) < classical Latin pāst- , past participial stem of pāscere to feed, graze (see pascent adj.) + -ūra -ure suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan, Occitan pastura (a1150), Catalan pastura (1150), Spanish pastura (1135), Italian pastura (a1292; a1321 in sense ‘spiritual nourishment’). 1. a. A piece of grassy land used for or suitable for the grazing of animals, esp. cattle or sheep; pastureland.Recorded earliest in ox pasture n. at ox n. Compounds 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture leasowc950 leasea1000 pasturea1300 common pasturea1325 grassland1324 laund1340 lea1357 gang1413 feedingc1430 grassa1500 raika1500 beast-gate1507 pasturagec1515 grazing1517 average1537 pasture groundc1537 walk1549 grassing1557 pastural1575 browsing1577 feed1580 pastureland1591 meadow pasture1614 green side1616 range1626 pastorage1628 tore1707 graziery1731 pasturing1759 permanent pasture1771 sweet-veld1785 walk land1797 run1804 sweet-grass1812 potrero1822 pasturage land1855 turn-out1895 lawn1899 a1300 in A. H. Smith Place-names E. Riding Yorks. & York (1937) 327 (MED) Oxpasture. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 168 Synay is an hiȝe mount and noble and worthi to pasture and bereth beste herbes and gras. 1450 Rolls of Parl. V. 191/1 The arbages and pastures of Radam Park. a1550 Vox Populi 718 in W. C. Hazlit Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. III. 293 Suche lyke comonwelthe wasters, That of erable groundes make pasters. 1595 E. Spenser Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. B3 And where may I the hills and pastures see, On which she vseth for to feed her sheepe? 1697 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 350 Carum grows plentifully in our Pastures; the seed they call Saxifrage. 1714 in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1883) XX. 179 A pasture for Milch Cows and Rideing Horses. 1787 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 2) I. §636. 475 Wild White Campion... Pastures, hedges, and fallow fields. a1862 H. D. Thoreau Cape Cod (1865) v. 82 Many horses were still turned out to pasture all summer. 1925 Z. A. Tilghman Dugout 106 There white-faced Herefords graze in the fenced pastures. 2000 Guardian 2 Dec. (Travel section) 11/1 The people of Laxton were cultivating about 720 acres of arable land, with about 40 acres of pasture for mowing. †b. A place of spiritual nourishment; heaven. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > heaven > [noun] bliss971 heavenOE paradiseOE towera1240 seatc1275 heavenwarda1300 Abraham's bosomc1300 tabernaclea1340 wonea1350 sanctuary1382 pasturec1384 firmament1388 sky?1518 Canaan1548 welkin1559 happy land1562 sphere?1592 heavenwards1614 afterworld1615 patria1707 god-home1848 overworld1858 the invisible1868 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Ezek. xxxiv. 14 In pasturis most plenteuouse Y shal feede hem. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) 18449 (MED) Þat pastur es cald heuen blis. a1456 (a1402) J. Trevisa tr. Gospel of Nicodemus (BL Add.) f. 113^v (MED) Oure Lord..hast egiven hem lyff þat is certain in þy goostely fat pastoure. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 441. ¶10 The Lord my Pasture shall prepare. c. A field or area of thought or activity. Esp. in pastures new (in allusion to quot. 1638). ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > [noun] > newness, freshness, or originality > pastures new pastures new1579 1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue f. 42 They will..driue vs to poysoned pastures. 1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 25 in Justa Edouardo King To morrow to fresh woods and pastures new. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 429 When homeward from their wat'ry Pastures born, They sing, and Asia's Lakes their Notes return. 1818 J. Keats Endymion iii. 105 There are..who unpen Their baaing vanities, to browse away The comfortable green and juicy hay From human pastures. 1887 S. Newland Far North Country 33 When horse-stealing, horse-swindling and horse-sweating are put down then the ‘spieler’ must reform or seek pastures new. 1901 Scotsman 5 Mar. 9/3 The pleasant literary pastures of Oxford's bookshops. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvi. [Eumaeus] 614 Wrapped in the arms of Murphy, as the adage has it, dreaming of fresh fields and pastures new. 1975 L. Gillen Return to Deepwater i. 6 He had always resolutely refused to leave his native heath..and..had never felt the need to seek pastures new. 2003 Sunday Tasmanian (Nexis) 9 Mar. Mr Crombie has already moved on to fresh pastures forming a ‘singles group’ at St Ninians. †2. a. Spiritual nourishment. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > [noun] > spiritual sustenance soul foodc1175 mannaa1200 pasturec1350 red meat1933 c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) xx. 1 (MED) In þe stede of pasture [L. pascuæ] he sett me þer. c1440 (?c1350) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 41 (MED) Euer-mare moghte man fynde pasture. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xxii. 1 In sted of pasture thar he me sett..in that sted he me set to be norist til perfeccioun. b. Food, sustenance. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > [noun] meateOE eatOE foodOE fodderOE dietc1230 gista1290 victual1303 victualsa1375 preya1382 feedinga1398 pasturea1398 viancea1400 viandsc1400 livingc1405 meatingc1425 vitalyc1440 vianda1450 cates1461 vivers1536 viandry1542 viander1543 gut-matter1549 peck1567 belly-cheer1579 appast1580 manchet1583 chat1584 belly-metal1590 repasture1598 cibaries1599 belly-timber1607 belly-cheat1608 peckage1610 victuallage1622 keeping1644 vivresa1650 crib1652 prog1655 grub1659 beef1661 fooding1663 teething1673 eatablea1687 sunket1686 yam1788 chow-chow1795 keep1801 feed1818 grubbing1819 patter1824 ninyam1826 nyam1828 grubbery1831 tack1834 kai1845 mungaree1846 scoff1846 foodstuff1847 chuck1850 muckamuck1852 tuck1857 tucker1858 hash1865 nosh1873 jock1879 cake flour1881 chow1886 nosebag1888 stodge1890 food aid1900 tackle1900 munga1907 scarf1932 grubber1959 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 140 Pestilencia..passiþ al þe kynde of a man and takeþ pasture of fedinge þerof [L. totam naturam hominis deambulat & depascit]. a1456 J. Lydgate Bycorne & Chychevache (Trin. Cambr. R.3.20) 83 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 436 (MED) On me no fattnesse wol beo seene By cause þat pasture I fynde noon. ?1521 A. Barclay Bk. Codrus & Mynalcas sig. A^v Suche fulsome pasture, made hym a double chynne. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. x. sig. Nn Todes and frogs, his pasture poysonous. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii Shoales of Fish..Graze the Sea weed thir pasture . View more context for this quotation 1786 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 60 What effect changes of pasture and temperature would have on the fisheries. 1887 R. L. Stevenson Let. 22 Aug. The berths are excellent, the pasture swallowable. 3. †a. The action of feeding (on the part of an animal); spec. the action of grazing. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by eating habits > eating habits > [noun] > feeding or grazing pasturec1390 feed1575 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [noun] > fattened or bred for slaughter > at pasture > feeding pasturec1390 pasturingc1390 c1390 G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale 4375 Leue I this Chauntecleer in his pasture. c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 10 (MED) Houndes most nede..vndo al þat she [sc. a hare] haþ doo of alle þe nyght, of here walkyng and of here pasture, into the tyme þat þhei stert hure. b. at pasture: grazing. ΚΠ 1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. ev^v Iff ye se where the haare at pasture hath bene. 1865 E. C. Gaskell Cousin Phillis i. 36 She and I..coaxed the sick cow, Daisy; and admired the others out at pasture. 1907 R. Muther Hist. Mod. Painting xvii. 385 The little shepherdess sitting dreamily on a bundle of straw near her flock at pasture. 1999 V. C. Peloso Peasants on Plantations iii. 69 The field oxen were at pasture and could not be moved. 4. The feeding or tending of animals; spec. the practice of putting livestock out into the field. Also figurative.Now only in common n.¹ and with allusion to biblical use (see quot. 1611). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > action or occupation of pasturing pasturea1398 grazingc1440 pasturagea1522 feed1575 running1577 graziery1762 pasturing1819 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 164 In hillis is plente of herbes, gras, and lese; þay ben acordynge to pasture of shepe and of oþer bestes. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 9 (MED) Tilynge is vs to write of euery londe..eek pasture and housynge. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xciv. 7 Folke of his pasture and shepe of his hend. 1611 Bible (King James) Psalms xcv. 7 For he is our God, and we are the people of his pasture, and the sheepe of his hand. View more context for this quotation 2001 Africa News (Nexis) 30 Nov. God..calls us His sheep and the people of His pasture. 5. Grass or other herbage for grazing livestock to feed on; = pasturage n. 3a. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > pasture pasturea1400 pasturagea1522 bite1768 long crop1787 nibble1875 the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > herb or herbaceous plant > [noun] > herbage or grass > cultivated or for pasture pasturea1400 fogc1400 vesture1455 vestiturec1460 pasturagea1522 feed1580 agistment1598 pasture grass1628 ear-grass1686 artificial grass1733 seeds1794 tath1807 green stuff1895 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) 2448 Bot fra þair stor bigan to spr[e]de, Þair pastur gan to wax al nede [a1400 Vesp. bigan to knede]. 1480 W. Caxton Descr. Brit. 45 Her londe is fruytefull ynough in pasture. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) John x. f. cxxxvj He shalbe safe, and shall goo in and out, and fynde pasture. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 139^v The Lambes..must be well cherished in their weaning time with good pasture. 1607 G. Percy Observ. in S. Purchas Pilgrimes (1625) IV. ix. ii. 1689 Large Medowes hauing excellent good pasture for any Cattle. 1700 M. Prior Written in Robe's Geogr. 17 Twenty acres..For pasture ten, and ten for plough. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 188 The advantage of enclosure is greater for pasture than for corn. View more context for this quotation 1842 J. Bischoff Comprehensive Hist. Woollen Manuf. II. 283 Pasture has a great influence on the fineness of the fleece. 1911 J. Muir My First Summer in Sierra 47 There are no large meadows or grassy plains near camp to supply lasting pasture for our thousands of busy nibblers. 1988 Maclean's 6 June 50/1 That means less pasture for livestock so that ranchers have to rely more on stored feed. 6. to put (also drive, turn, etc.) out to pasture. a. To put (an animal) out to graze on grassland; (hence) to relieve (a horse or other working animal) of its duties, esp. when it is old. ΚΠ 1657 G. Thornley tr. Longus Daphnis & Chloe iii. 123 It was now the beginning of the Spring, the Snow was gone, the Earth uncovered, and all was green, when the other Shepards drove out their flocks to pasture. 1804 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry I. ix. 79 Meaning to remain some time in a certain town to which he came, the Captain had his horse put out to pasture. 1866 H. Bliss Thecla iii. i. 85 Some old courser, first in many a test, But now turned out to pasture and to rest. 1948 E. Forbes Running of Tide 441 The beasts had been put out to pasture. 2002 Innisfail (Austral.) Advocate (Nexis) 16 Nov. (Sport) 16 Innisfail Horse and Pony Club riders have hung up their riding boots and put their horses out to pasture for the 2002 season. b. figurative. To retire (a person), to make (a person) redundant; to cease using (a thing). out to pasture: retired; redundant; superseded. ΚΠ 1868 Harper's Mag. Dec. 68/2 These five infants, on whom I had expended so much surplus energy, were turned out to pasture without any compunctions of conscience. 1909 R. B. Perry Moral Econ. 210 It frees the mind from its harness and puts it out to pasture. 1991 Boston June 114/1 Vintage clothing long since put out to pasture is guided onto the comeback trail by the skilled hands of clothing restylers. 1992 L. Woidwode Indian Affairs i. 16 This crew-cut shyster built like a football player out to pasture. 1997 Internet Mag. Jan. 45 Have online services been reborn in the light of the Internet or is it time to put them out to pasture? †7. U.S. a. The part of a deep-water weir which fish first enter. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1890 Cent. Dict. Pasture... 4. In the fisheries, one of the compartments of a deep-water weir..; that part of a weir which the fish first enter. b. An inshore rocky area used by cod for spawning. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Pasture... (2) (New Eng.) An inshore spawning-ground for codfish. Phrases common of pasture n. the right to use common land for the grazing of animals. [After post-classical Latin communa pasture (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) and Anglo-Norman comune de pasture (late 13th cent.).] ΚΠ 1411 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1411 §13. m. 14 Touchyng the forsayd matere of commune of pasture and turf gravyng, [etc.]. 1552 Anno quinto et sexto Eduardi Sexti: Actes c. 14 f. xxiij If any persone..shall buye any maner of Oxen,..& sel thesame againe aliue, onles he..do kepe, & fede thesame..in suche ground, or grouundes where he, or they haue the herbage, or common of pasture..: that then euerry persone..so buieng and sellyng againe shal lose the double value of the cattall. 1649 W. Blith Eng. Improver ii. 18 Whether it be Commons or Commune of Pastures upon those great and vast Commons. 1893 Western Gaz. 1 Dec. 2/2 Of these Forest rights that of common of pasture is by far the most valuable and esteemed. 2010 Guardian (Nexis) 17 Mar. (Home section) 8 The rights include common of pasture, which permits ponies, horned cattle and donkeys to graze the 45,000 acres of open forest. Compounds C1. pasture field n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture > enclosed pasture ham901 green yard1418 pasture field1464 ward1473 butt1542 paddock1547 septuma1552 staff1786 camp1877 night paddock1922 run-off1933 1464 Rolls of Parl. V. 541/1 A Tenemente in Ingowe called the Pasture feeld. 1567 G. Turberville tr. G. B. Spagnoli Eglogs 87 This makes the goodly flocks and Pasture fieldes so fatte. 1628 T. May tr. Virgil Georgicks iii. 89 When..dew refreshing on the Pasture fields The Moone bestowes, Kings-fishers play on shore. a1799 in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) (1807) 97 135 The bare and brown, or highly cloathed and verdant circles in pasture fields called Fairy-rings. 1874 G. M. Hopkins Jrnls. & Papers (1959) 251 I sat down in the lap or fold of a steep slanting pasturefield. 1995 Guardian 18 Jan. i. 21/3 Scotch black-faced ewes gain access to cliff-grazing from the pasture fields behind. pasture grass n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > herb or herbaceous plant > [noun] > herbage or grass > cultivated or for pasture pasturea1400 fogc1400 vesture1455 vestiturec1460 pasturagea1522 feed1580 agistment1598 pasture grass1628 ear-grass1686 artificial grass1733 seeds1794 tath1807 green stuff1895 1628 T. May tr. Virgil Georgicks iii. 48 If they'le not fill the pit, the soile is thin, And best for Vineyards, and for pasture grasse. 1765 Museum Rusticum 4 179 We have weighed it green, that is, just after mowing, against all the other pasture grasses, and it out-weighs them all. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Miner's Right III. xxix. 10 The pasture grasses..burgeon with tropical rapidity of growth. 1988 Conservation Biol. 2 310 One agroindustry's pasture grass is another agroindustry's fire hazard. pasture ground n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture leasowc950 leasea1000 pasturea1300 common pasturea1325 grassland1324 laund1340 lea1357 gang1413 feedingc1430 grassa1500 raika1500 beast-gate1507 pasturagec1515 grazing1517 average1537 pasture groundc1537 walk1549 grassing1557 pastural1575 browsing1577 feed1580 pastureland1591 meadow pasture1614 green side1616 range1626 pastorage1628 tore1707 graziery1731 pasturing1759 permanent pasture1771 sweet-veld1785 walk land1797 run1804 sweet-grass1812 potrero1822 pasturage land1855 turn-out1895 lawn1899 c1537 J. Lamplugh in T. A. Beck Annales Furnesienses (1844) (note) Erleghecote haythe always beyn a hyrdewyke or pasture ground for the schepe of thabbottes of Furnes. 1668 in Connecticut Hist. Soc. Coll. (1912) XIV. 21 All that percell of pasture Ground lyeing on the east Side. 1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry x. 48 One Acre of Turneps will then Maintain more than Fifty of Meadow, or Pasture Ground. 1841 H. S. Foote Texas & Texans I. 14 The tide of indiscriminate havoc..[marked] its dreadful course with..the spoliation of her fair plantations and pasture-grounds. 1995 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 53 1117 Emperor Wu's policies of cessation of tribute payments, seizure of the pasture grounds of the nomadic elite [etc.] pasture-man n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > herding > herdsman or woman herdc725 herdmanc1000 lookera1225 tripherd1305 hogger1327 pastorc1400 pastorelc1440 leader1495 pasture-man1547 herd-maid1588 herdsman1603 pastoral1607 feeder1611 creaght1634 herder1635 keep1641 creaghter1653 town herd1760 herd-boy1799 stock-keeper1806 senn1826 herd-girla1856 herd-laddie1865 pastoralist1879 1547 6 Oct. in R. H. Tawney & E. Power Tudor Econ. Documents (1951) I. iv. 182 Pasture men, because ther cattell is bothe greater and carieth more wolle, to paie for every sheere sheepe thre half pens. 1991 R. A. Schrader Kallaloo 91 Two pasturemen who lived and worked on the estate drove the cattle out to pasture daily and returned them to pens in the afternoon. pasture right n. ΚΠ 1873 Scribner's Monthly Dec. 193/1 Most of the requisitions were thus conceded: the handmills especially, and the pasture rights. 2002 Human Ecol. (Nexis) 1 Mar. 49 Lineal inheritance is a longstanding basis for pasture rights in Mongolian society. pasture sheep n. ΚΠ ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxiiii^v Pasture shepe..syldome rote but with myldewes. c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme xcv. 20 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 143 We by him ledd, And by him fedd, His people are, we are his pasture sheepe. 1989 S. G. Hall & J. Clutton-Brock 200 Years Brit. Farm Livestock x. 135 The sheep for this new husbandry were derived from the ‘marsh’ or ‘pasture’ sheep of Lincolnshire, Somerset, and Kent. pasture sod n. ΚΠ 1839 F. D. Hemans Wks. VI. 174 O'er his green pasture-sod,..The patriarch walk'd with God. 1998 Pioneer Press (St. Paul, Minnesota) (Nexis) 27 June 7 b Tim Meehan said his father and uncle used to cut ‘pasture sod’ by hand. C2. pasture master n. English regional (northern) a manager of common pastures. ΚΠ 1833 MS Indenture (York city) Pasture-master of Walmgate Ward. 1888 All Year Round 21 July 61/2 As you wander through its streets, you come across old names—Goodramgate, Spurriergate; hear odd expressions—duties of the pasture-masters. 2002 Hull Daily Mail (Nexis) 1 Oct. 8 The present managers, the Pasture Masters, are elected from dwindling ranks of town freemen and could die out. pasture plover n. North American the upland sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda, of northern North America. ΚΠ 1907 N.E.D. at Plover Pasture p [lover] = field plover (b). 1917 T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. I. 247/2 Upland Plover... Other Names... Pasture Plover. 1956 Bull. Mass. Audubon Soc. 40 17 Pasture Plover. pasture rose n. North American a wild rose, esp. Rosa carolina; (also) a bloom of this plant. ΚΠ 1899 C. MacMillan Minnesota Plant Life xxx. 291 The swamp rose and the pasture rose may be known by the presence of a pair of extra large prickles just below the stipules at the base of each leaf. 1967 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 8 July 4/3 The wild pasture rose..opens its five-petal blossom in the morning and closes the petals at night. pasture thistle n. U.S. a North American thistle, Cirsium pumilum. ΚΠ 1824 J. Bigelow Florula Bostoniensis (ed. 2) 292 Cnicus pumilis... Pasture thistle... Very common in dry pastures and by road sides. 2000 National Wildlife (Electronic ed.) Aug.–Sept. The showiest native is pasture thistle with pale magenta flower heads that are two to three inches across. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pasturev. Brit. /ˈpɑːstʃə/, /ˈpastʃə/, U.S. /ˈpæstʃər/, /ˈpæʃtʃər/ Forms: see pasture n.; also Middle English pastere; Scottish 1600s pastiur, 1700s paster. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pasturer. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French pasturer to feed flocks, to graze (12th cent. in Old French; French pâturer ) < pasture : see pasture n. Compare post-classical Latin pasturare (of animal) to graze (1230, 1400 in British sources), to put to graze, feed (frequently from 1275 in British sources), Old Occitan, Occitan pasturar (c1150), Catalan pasturar (c1200), Spanish pasturar (1377–96), Italian pasturare to graze (1280–97), to feed, nourish (a1321; a1294 used intransitively). I. Senses relating to cattle, sheep, and other hoofed mammals. 1. intransitive. To feed by grazing on pasture; to graze. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by eating habits > [verb (intransitive)] > graze pasturea1393 depasture1586 grass1596 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 2915 (MED) He lich an Oxe schal Pasture. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 201 (MED) Þei sende forth þo mares for to pasturen aboute þo hilles. 1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1650/1 Suche cattayle as were founde pasturing abroade neare to the walles. 1653 Gloria & Narcissus i. 248 A delightfull piesage, where many flockes of sheep seemingly, pastured by a goodly river side. 1712 J. Norris Profitable Advice for Rich & Poor 51 Keeping the Calves Inclos'd, within a good rail-fenc'd Field, of good Grass, for them to Pasture in. 1765 Answers for Proprietors of Shawhead to Petition Duke of Queensberry 12 The cattle of Blackfoord pasturing upon the Commonty. 1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. I. iii. 67 The springboks and wildebeests pastured before the door. 1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out x. 148 Between the thin stems of the plane trees the young men could see little knots of donkeys pasturing. 1954 W. G. Hoskins Devon v. 93 He had a flock of over 700 sheep pasturing on the downs. 2. transitive. To feed (livestock) by letting them graze on pasture; to put out or lead to pasture. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [verb (transitive)] > pasture leasowc950 feed1382 pasturec1400 grassc1500 graze1564 to put out1600 summer1601 impasture1614 depasture1713 run1767 range1816 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] > pasture leasowc950 feed1382 pasturec1400 to put to grass1471 grassc1500 to turn out?1523 graze1564 impasture1614 put1620 depasture1713 run1767 to run out1851 c1400 Life St. Anne (Minn.) (1928) 256 (MED) Iochachim, hamward þan gun he draw With hys bestes..& pastured þam all wele be þe way. a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 87 (MED) When men..pastureþ here beestes and no perel supposith, þan enemyes falleþ on most sodaynlyche. a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 199 (MED) The aungel come to Joachym there where he pastured his flokke. 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre i. xi. 276 Here Uzziah pastured his cattel. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 276 The land is manured..by pasturing the cattle upon it. View more context for this quotation 1800 tr. L.-P. Anquetil Summary Universal Hist. III. 428 The pure and gentle happiness of a shepherd pasturing his flock on his own land. 1877 W. C. Bryant Sella 332 Whose flocks Were pastured on the borders of her stream. 1905 Daily Chron. 19 Sept. 3/1 This Argus, as he is called, pastures the heifer, and never goes to sleep. 2000 U.S. Catholic (Nexis) 65 16 Shepherds were often thought to be thieving and pasturing their flocks on other people's land. 3. a. transitive. To use (land) as grassland rather than arable; to graze livestock on (land). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > management of pasture > use as pasture [verb (transitive)] pasture1434 agista1450 graze1603 impasture1649 feeda1652 summer eat1727 stock1794 the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating by animals > feed on or forage for (of animals) [verb (transitive)] > graze on pasture1434 graze1667 1434 in L. Morsbach Mittelengl. Originalurkunden (1923) 16 (MED) Duryngge the terme of iiii of þe laste yeris, the seyde landis to be pasturid and not ysowe. ?c1470 in E. Curtis Cal. Ormond Deeds (1932) II. 355 They shall pasture ye grond and pay ye costemys that ys assignyt to ye grond. 1533–4 Act 25 Hen. VIII c. 13 §10 They shall permitte..the..lessees..to manure and pasture the saide quillettes. 1604 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 435 No man shall pasture the stubbell while the corne is upon the ground. 1789 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 2 68 Do not mow it, but pasture it every summer. 1877 H. Stewart Irrigation for Farm, Garden, & Orchard 155 After a field is pastured, it should be rolled with a smooth, heavy roller. 1901 J. Muir Our National Parks 5 The great Central Valley of California..is ploughed and pastured out of existence, gone forever. 1990 D. Kline Great Possessions p. xvi The next spring and summer several cuttings of hay are made and then the hayfield is pastured in the fall. b. transitive. Of livestock: to feed on or graze (grassland). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by eating habits > [verb (transitive)] > graze or crop crop1362 pasture?c1470 shear1610 graze1667 shack1904 ?c1470 in E. Curtis Cal. Ormond Deeds (1932) II. 355 For every beste yt pasturit ye grond, iiii d. 1550 R. Bowes in J. C. Hodgson Hist. Northumberland: Pt. III (1828) II. 211 Theire Cattell doe pasture & eate the said ground. 1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 116 The steeds, that pastured his uncle's domains. ?a1828 D. Wordsworth Jrnl. Tour Continent in Jrnls. (1941) II. 121 These heights were pastured by cattle. 1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. I. ix. 178 The plains..were pastured short and bare by the endless herds of game. 1975 C. Taylor Fields in Eng. Landscape iv. 71 Both arable and meadowland were pastured by the stock of the same farmers after the harvest. †4. a. transitive. Of land: to provide sustenance for (grazing livestock), to support. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > provide pasture [verb (transitive)] > provide pasture for pasture1520 depasture1805 1520 in W. C. Dickinson Sheriff Court Bk. Fife (1928) 178 Of scheip the said lordschip will pastore in gyrsing xviii score wytht the maire. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. xii. 14 [The country] pastoureth in the valley a great number of oxen. 1826 G. Simson Let. 5 Jan. in Part of Dispatch (1947) 168 The Point on which the Companys Establishment of Fort Vancouver is situated is..capable of..pasturing numerous herds of cattle. b. intransitive. Of land: to provide pasture. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > produce grass [verb (intransitive)] > serve as pasture graze1625 pasture1655 to lie shack1787 1655 R. Child in S. Hartlib Legacy (ed. 3) 156 That the place might pasture the better for their young Cattle. II. Senses relating to humans, and animals other than hoofed mammals. 5. a. intransitive. To feed, to eat. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by eating habits > [verb (intransitive)] pasturec1425 victual1577 c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 13 (MED) Whan þei [sc. hares] pasturen of too herbes, þat oon is clepyd Soepol and þat oþer Pulegiun, þei be stronge and fast rennyng. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. vi. 137 The cok..began to crowe and to pasture. c1500 (a1449) J. Lydgate Isopes Fabules (Trin. Cambr.) 195 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 573 (MED) Precious stonys noþyng apperteyne To gese nor fovlys þat pasture on þe grene. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Rembuschement, a reimbushment; the place whereat wild beasts enter into a thicket after that they haue preyed, or pastured. 1793 J. Leslie tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Birds IX. 48 Several of these small bodies [of geese]..form larger squadrons..; which we sometimes see alight in our fields, where they are very destructive, pasturing on the green corn. 1855 P. J. Bailey Mystic & Other Poems 98 Flutter-flies..On violets pasturing, their congenerate food. 1861 G. Meredith Evan Harrington I. xi. 206 The sight of a gentleman..pasturing on plain cheese. 1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out iv The mammoths who pastured in the fields of Richmond High Street. 1992 Great Lakes Fisherman Jan. 11/1 In the river depths..is where biologists had hoped the 7-inch fish would ‘pasture’, grow fat and mature. b. intransitive. figurative (poetic). ΚΠ 1590 E. Spenser Muiopotmos 176 He..pastures on the pleasures of each place. a1849 T. L. Beddoes Poems (1851) I. 161 Is there not gone My life into her, which I pasture on? 1861 J. C. H. Fane & Ld. Lytton Tannhäuser 56 Who hath embraced thee..And pastured on thy royal kiss. a1916 J. Todhunter Poison Flower (1927) iii. 127 See with what a craving appetite I pasture on thy poisons. 1942 J. M. Brinnin Sel. Poems (1963) 20 To measure space I pastured on surprise. †6. a. transitive. To nourish spiritually; to foster (a quality). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > further [verb (transitive)] furtherc888 to bring onc1230 advancea1250 speeda1300 nourishc1300 avaunt1393 promotec1433 pasture?a1439 advantage?1459 promove1475 preferc1503 conduce1518 to set forth1528 to set forward(s)1530 to take forth1530 fillip1551 help1559 farther1570 foster1571 shoulder1577 to put forward1579 seconda1586 foment1596 hearten1598 to put on1604 fomentate1613 succeed1613 expeditea1618 producea1618 maturate1623 cultivate1641 encourage1677 push1693 forward1780 progress1780 admove1839 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iv. 55 (MED) The foode of our inward reffut..Han our corages fostred & pasturid Be writyng onli. 1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Silas Marner x A very mild, patient woman, whose nature it was to seek out all the..more serious elements of life, and pasture her mind upon them. 1891 W. D. Howells Crit. & Fiction 12 Some sweet elderly lady or excellent gentleman whose youth was pastured on the literature of thirty or forty years ago. b. transitive. literal. To feed (a person or animal), supply with food. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)] afeedeOE foddereOE feedc950 fosterc1175 fooda1225 nourishc1300 nurshc1325 nourishc1384 abechea1393 relievec1425 norrya1450 nurturea1450 pasturec1450 foisonc1485 bield1488 aliment1490 repast1494 nutrifya1500 repatera1522 battle1548 forage1552 nurse1591 substantiate1592 refeed1615 alumnate1656 focillate1656 c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 5425 Ȝit ware þai [sc. adders] pasturde of pepir..Of gyloffre & of gingere. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 98 (MED) He ordeynid for fostering..of this childe..iij norisis, scil. on to wasshe his clothis, anoþere to fede or to pasture him with pappe, [etc.]. 1572 W. Forrest Theophilus 242 A bushoppe haveinge greate numbers to pasture and fede. 1847 T. T. Stoddart Angler's Compan. 32 In Leet or Eden, a trout of the second year's growth is as heavy as a three or even four years old fish pastured among the channels of Tweed or Ettrick. 1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 103 The coach leaves W. at five..and one must breakfast..at..four,..the passengers being pastured gregariously. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1300v.a1393
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