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pearmainn.  Brit.  /ˈpəːmeɪn/, /ˈpɛːmeɪn/, /pəˈmeɪn/, U.S. /ˈpɛrˌmeɪn/, /pərˈmeɪn/Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French parmain. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman parmain, peremain, permain, permein variety of pear or apple, and Middle French parmain, permain (French parmain , permein , permaine , now historical and regional) variety of apple (12th cent in Old French), variety of pear (1570 or earlier), of uncertain origin; perhaps < permaindre (see permane v.; with the sense development compare warden n.2). Compare post-classical Latin parmenus (c1109, 1275 in British sources), permannus (1166 in a British source), pirum parmennorum (1285, 1430 in British sources), pirum de permenis (1315 in a British source), all apparently in sense ‘variety of pear’; compare also post-classical Latin parmangnus variety of pear or apple (1211 in a Norman source). In many of the Anglo-Norman and Old and Middle French examples it is unclear whether the fruit is a variety of apple or pear (in the earliest attestation the sense is certainly ‘variety of apple’, but all the evidence suggests that the sense ‘variety of pear’ is much earlier than the earliest unambiguous example of 1570). Compare German Parmäne variety of apple (19th cent.; < English).An alternative etymology, proposed by W. Foerster in Zeitschr. f. Rom. Phil. (1899) 23 423–9, derives the Old French word from an unattested post-classical Latin adjective *parmanus of or relating to Parma ( < classical Latin Parma (see Parma n.1) + -ānus -an suffix); however, there is nothing to suggest that the origin of the particular variety of fruit is Italian. The β forms show excrescent -t after a final nasal (see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §436). Forms in pear- , peare- are apparently influenced by pear n. It is uncertain whether early examples such as the following are to be interpreted as showing the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word:1273 in M. T. Löfvenberg Contrib. Middle Eng. Lexicogr. & Etymol. (1946) 68 [200 pears called] permeins.1299 in M. T. Löfvenberg Contrib. Middle Eng. Lexicogr. & Etymol. (1946) 68 Permeyns.1316 Close Roll, 10 Edward II 5 Aug. (P.R.O.: C 54/134) m. 4 Per servicium tercie partis duorum modiorum vini & ducentorum pirorum de Permeyns. Earlier currency of the word is implied by place names, as Parmontle (1135; now Parmentley, Northumberland). N.E.D. (1904) gives only the pronunciation (pēə·ɹmēin) /ˈpɛəmeɪn/. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > pear > [noun] > warden the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > warden a1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 647 Hoc uolemum, permayne. 1483 (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 270 A Parmayn, volemum; Anglice, a warden. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault iii. xl. 507 It is grafted..vpon the thorne or quince tree, & vpon the peare maine tree. 1611 R. Cotgrave Poire de parmain, the Permaine Peare. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > apple tree > varieties of the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > apple > [noun] > eating-apple > types of the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > eating-apple > types of 1597 J. Gerard iii. 1274 Of the Apple tree... The sommer Pearemaine... The winter Pearemaine. 1612 M. Drayton xviii. 298 The Peare-maine, which to France long ere to vs was knowne. 1664 A. Wood (1892) II. 1 For a peck of peermanes, 6d; given to Mary to fetch them, 1d. 1707 J. Mortimer (1721) II. 287 The Russet Pearmain..partakes both of the Russeting and Pearmain in colour and taste, the one side being generally Russet, and the other streak'd like a Pearmain. 1724 (Royal Soc.) 33 195 I have seen a fine Pearmain, at a Foot from the Ground, measure ten Feet, and four Inches round. This tree, one year, has bore thirty eight Bushels, (by Measure) of as fine Pearmains, as ever I saw in England. 1766 at Apple-Tree The summer pearmain is an oblong fruit, striped with red next to the sun; the flesh is soft, and in a short time mealy; so that is not greatly esteemed. 1824 J. C. Loudon (ed. 2) iii. i. 690 (table) Dessert Apples.—Pearmains.—Common character; full at the footstalk, in general larger than Pippins. 1875 R. D. Blackmore III. vi. 81 A tempting and beautiful apple, a scarlet permain. 1931 23 Sept. 10/6 There still remains..a few of the ancient Greenings,..Pearmains, Long Stems. 1992 12 Sept. (Weekend Suppl.) 6/1 Tydeman Early and Worcester Pearmain are good in September. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.a1425 |