pedaln.¹

Brit.

/ˈpɛdl/, U.S.

/ˈpɛd(ə)l/

Forms: 1600s pedall, 1600s– pedal, 1900s– peddle (irregular).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pédale.

Etymology: < French pédale pedal of an organ or other musical instrument (1560 in Middle French), foot-operated lever to start or control machinery (1719), sustained and prolonged sound (1806) < Italian pedale pedal of an organ (1561; 1304 in sense ‘base of a tree’) < classical Latin pedālis , adjective (see pedal adj.). With sense 7 compare also Occitan pedala (a1829).

I. A lever operated by the foot.

1. Music.

a. A foot-operated lever on an organ; spec. (a) each of the set of keys played with the feet, resembling those played with the hands in arrangement, but much larger and generally playing lower notes, and together constituting the pedalboard (see Compounds 1); (b) a foot lever used for drawing a number of stops out or in at once (also called combination pedal, composition pedal, or piston); (c) the foot lever by which the swell box is opened and shut (cf. swell n. 6); (d) any of various foot levers used for coupling two keyboards, keys, etc. (also called coupler); (e) the pedalboard as a whole; (also) the ranks of bass pipes operated by this, which constitute the pedal organ.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > pedalboard > pedal

footstool1611

pedal1611

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Basses marches, pedalls; the low keyes of some Organs to be touched with the feet.

1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. xx. 90 The Pedals of Turbith; and the Clavier or Keys of Scammony.

1776 J. Hawkins Gen. Hist. Music IV. i. 150 The German organs have also Keys for the feet called Pedals.

1791 T. Martyn Tour through Italy vi. 169 The organ is the largest in the city, was built in 1549, and has thirty-six stops and pedals.

1829 Specif. Organ, St. James's, Bermondsey in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 599 Three Composition Pedals to Great,..Pedal to couple Swell to Great.

1863 J. R. Green Let. 25 Apr. (1901) 121 A. is learning the organ..and is already great in the pedals.

1880 E. J. Hopkins in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 606 The ‘Sforzando coupler’ is a movement worked by a pedal, by the aid of which the Great Organ is suddenly attached to the Swell.

a1902 F. Norris Pit (1903) vi A teacher was engaged to instruct her in the intricacies of stops and of pedals.

1988 Organbuilder May 3/2 It expanded the Wallsend conception, with..16ft and 8ft reeds added to the Echo and a complete principal chorus and 16ft reed on the pedal.

2003 Cincinnati Enquirer (Nexis) 10 Nov. 1 b The only visible part of the organ is a large console with three keyboards and numerous pedals.

b. Each of the set of (usually seven) foot-operated levers on a harp which stop the strings at different points, raising the pitch of the notes by one or two semitones and thus enabling the performer to play in any key.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > harp or lyre > [noun] > parts of > pedal

pedal1771

1771 C. Burney Present State Music France & Italy 59 (note) This method of producing the half-tones on the harp, by pedals, was invented at Brussels, about fifteen years ago, by M. Simon.

1789 E. Craven Journey through Crimea (ed. 2) xix. 93 I was pestered to death with questions about my harp at night. I find a harp with pedals is a very rare thing in Italy.

1800 W. Bingley Tour round N. Wales II. xiii. 280 One Simon, of Brussels, made a still greater improvement upon the harp, by the addition of pedals, for producing the half tones.

1880 A. J. Hipkins in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 683 In the Harp the pedals are not keys..but it is their province to alter the pitch in two gradations of a semitone each.

1919 Times 29 Mar. 15/6 The greater range of the modern harp, with its elaborate pedal mechanism and its capability of enharmonic changes, makes it far more sensitive to the requirements of modern music than even the harpsichord could be.

1992 Oxf. Compan. to Mus. Instruments 148/1 The seven pedals project from the wooden base to which the pillar and soundchest are attached by bolts.

c. A foot-operated lever on a piano or related instrument that modifies tone or effect; spec. (a) one for raising the dampers from the strings, thus sustaining the note and rendering it fuller; also called damper, loud, sustain (sustain pedal n. at sustain n. Compounds 2), or sustaining pedal (sustaining pedal n. at sustaining adj. Compounds); (b) one which softens the tone, either by shifting the hammers so as to strike only one or two strings instead of three for each note, or by diminishing their length of blow, or by interposing a strip of cloth between them and the strings (more usually called soft pedal; cf. also celeste n. 2b); (c) one which sustains a particular group of notes after they are struck; now called sostenuto pedal (sostenuto pedal n. at sostenuto adj. and n. Additions), also (informally) sustaining pedal (sustaining pedal n. (a) at sustaining adj. Compounds). Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > stringed keyboards > [noun] > pianoforte > pedal

pedal1816

1816 J. Austen Emma II. viii. 147 Having so much to ask and to say as to tone, touch, and pedal .

1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 141 In foreign piano-fortes we find many pedals, but in the English we have scarcely ever more than two—one for piano effects, and the other for forte.

1861 A. Wynter Our Social Bees 431 There was something..so innocent in her bearing, that you instinctively put down the soft pedal in your voice when addressing her.

1880 A. J. Hipkins in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 678 J. S. Bach had a harpsichord with two rows of keys and pedals.

1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage civ. 546 There were little trills to represent the lapping waves and thundering chords, with the loud pedal down, to suggest a storm.

1936 Y. Bowen Pedalling Mod. Pianoforte i. 5 If there is any sluggishness..our good intentions in the use of the pedal may be seriously discounted.

1991 Piano Q. Fall 54/1 The bass-sustain device is one of the most common functions of the middle pedal in most vertical pianos and some economy grands.

d. A treadle used to operate the bellows of a harmonium.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > types of organ > [noun] > reed-organ > parts of

vibrator1862

percussion stop1875

striking-reed1875

knee-stop1876

percussion1879

tube-board1880

pedal1882

1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) (at cited word) On the harmonium and parlour-organ, the pedal works the bellows.

1894 Catal. Story & Clark Organs, A New Organ ‘Creation’ The pedals are the pumpers and are used for supplying air to the reservoir above, through channels in upright legs or sides.

1998 Hull Daily Mail (Nexis) 3 June 12 Les bought a church harmonium (the one that you pumped air in with your feet on pedals).

e. A foot-operated lever used in playing any of various percussion instruments, esp. the bass drum.

ΚΠ

1934 E. Little Mod. Rhythmic Drumming i. xxii. 21 The ‘High-Hat’ pedal brings the cymbals within reach of the snare drum sticks.

1980 Washington Post 12 Oct. l1 When the timpanist uses the pedal on the drum, an arrow on the gauge moves to indicate the new pitch.

2003 Charlotte (N. Carolina) Observer (Nexis) 2 Nov. 3 h A pedal connected to a felt-covered mallet allows the drummer to play low, quick beats with one foot.

f. A foot-operated device for producing a sound effect on an electric guitar, etc. Also called effects pedal.

ΚΠ

1967 Billboard 25 Mar. 63/4 ‘Wah Wah's’ can now be produced on any amplified instrument with Vox's newly introduced Wah Wah pedal.

1969 It 13–28 June 13/2 Frank proved quite conclusively that he's a brilliant guitarist, especially with a ‘wah-wah’ pedal.

1984 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 17 Aug. c1/6 With a portable amplifier and several pedals, he gets an echoing, chiming sound from his guitar.

2003 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 3 Nov. c2 The guitarist looked at the floor and jabbed at an effects pedal with his foot.

2. A foot-operated lever used to operate, impart motion to, or control a machine or mechanical contrivance, such as a lathe, sewing machine, or rubbish bin; a treadle.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > lever > [noun] > operated by foot

treadle14..

treddle1671

footstep1678

footboard1721

treader1747

pedal1789

treadle mat1937

1789 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. II ii. 56 Inventress of the Woof, fair Lina flings The flying shuttle through the dancing strings:..Quick beat the reeds, the pedals fall and rise.

1882 Cent. Mag. Dec. 316/1 The air needed to move the motor is admitted directly, and by means of a simple stop-cock, that, in the case of a sewing-machine or lathe, can be controlled by the foot-pedal.

1968 V. Nabokov King, Queen, Knave i. 15 That old sewing machine with its arthritic pedal wrapped up in brown paper is so clear right now, and yet in an hour or two I shall forget it forever.

1994 N. Baker Fermata iii. 39 The surprising thing really is how little luck I have had using the foot-pedal of my tape-transcription machine.

2000 M. Barrowcliffe Girlfriend 44 xv. 406 She had one of those chrome bullet bins that were fashionable a few years back. I pressed the pedal and looked inside.

3. Either of two foot-operated levers used for powering a bicycle or other vehicle propelled by the legs; spec. the part of the assembly on which the foot rests.The mechanism referred to in quot. 1845 is not fully described.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > parts and equipment of cycles > pedals and parts

pedal1845

grip treadle1881

toe-strap1884

grip-pedal1885

rat trap1887

treadle1887

toe-clip1895

bear trap1984

1845 Mechanics' Mag. 23 Aug. 144/2 The labour [of moving the Railway Velocipede] is now divided equally between the feet and hands—the motion being induced by handles and pedals.

1869 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. 477 The Pedals or stirrups [of a bicycle] are made of various shapes.

1888 J. Pennell & E. R. Pennell Sent. Journey 182 Every turn of the pedals I felt must be the last.

1897 Westm. Gaz. 20 Aug. 8/1 Von Baader first constructed a velocipede with pedals in 1820.

1931 H. W. Bartleet Bartleet's Bicycle Bk. 33 Every practical cyclist who saw my pedals praised the scheme of rattrap and rubber in combination.

1966 T. Simpson Cycling is my Life v. 38 My left leg was still fastened to the pedal by the toe-strap.

1993 N.Y. Times 24 Oct. v. 29/2 I had not changed the gears on my racing bike to touring gears, which would have made turning the pedals over much easier.

a. A foot-operated lever forming one of the controls in a motor vehicle, spec. that used for acceleration. Also figurative.accelerator-, brake-, gas pedal, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > pedals

accelerator pedal1902

pedal1902

brake-pedal1903

gas pedal1914

1902 W. W. Beaumont in A. C. Harmsworth et al. Motors & Motor-driving (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) x. 219 The friction of the band on the drum..pulls on the band in the same direction as the pedal.

1926 Scribner's Mag. Aug. 153/1 The girl was satiated with speed. She relaxed the pressure of her foot on the pedal, and leaned back in her seat. ‘Some car!’ she said.

1974 Country Life 21 Mar. 659/2 Pedals are nicely positioned for heel and toe driving.

1996 Observer 31 Mar. (Sports section) 12/1 They scored seven tries in a blistering first-half performance before taking their foot off the pedal after the break.

b. colloquial (originally U.S.).

(a) pedal-to-the-metal: (originally in the context of driving, later also in extended use) high-speed, fast-paced; reckless, unrestrained. Also as adv. and in with the pedal to the metal: at top speed; headlong, recklessly.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > [adjective] > driving in specific manner

overspeeding1906

speeding1957

pedal-to-the-metal1976

1976 Time 27 Sept. 82/2 Up to 3,500 fans will..watch these two ‘pedal-to-the-metal’ drivers bump fenders as they scream around the track.

1987 J. Franklin Molecules of Mind (1988) xix. 257 Our world was an eighteen-wheeler full of dynamite, careening down the highway with the pedal to the metal.

1989 Economist (Nexis) 1 July 12 The French, who have been setting a pedal-to-the-metal pace towards the Monnet, will have to go slower than they wanted.

1998 Chicago Tribune 11 Jan. xii. 1/2 [He] is heading pedal-to-the-metal into matrimony.

2001 Esquire Aug. 131/1 3,000 miles of pedal-to-the-metal, wind-in-the-face, action-packed driving.

(b) to put the pedal to the metal and variants: to accelerate, to drive at top speed; (in extended use) to proceed very rapidly or recklessly; to perform to one's full capacity.

ΚΠ

1976 National Lampoon July 60 Once again D.D. puts the pedal to the metal.

1984 Economist (Nexis) 9 June 65 (heading) The West Germans put the pedal to the metal.

1993 Hockey News (Toronto) 5 Feb. 12/5 If..Sutter continues to keep the pedal to the metal and alienate many of his best players, the Bruins' management will demonstrate once again what is the bottom line.

1997 G. Williams Diamond Geezers xxi. 141 Plenty of young geezers..desperate to get behind the wheel of a flash motor, put the pedal to the metal given half a chance.

1999 Spark (Reading Univ. Student Union) 1 Mar. 26/3 After an extremely tight first half.., Reading put the pedal to the metal and emerged jubilant.

II. Technical and other uses.

5. Botany. A stem, stalk, or stalklike structure; a pedicel, a peduncle. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > stem or stalk > [noun] > pedicel or footstalk

stalkc1325

starta1400

tinea1400

petifoot?1440

footling1562

footstalk1562

strig1565

stem1600

tail1613

pedicle1626

pedal1660

pedicel1682

peduncle1702

ray1729

stipes1760

stipe1785

flower-stalk1789

fruit-stalk1796

podium1866

1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 33 The best generall token of maturity is its loosness from the pedall by which it is joined to the stock.

1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 117 To serve as a foundation to the pedal of the blossom.

1727 S. Hales Veg. Staticks vii. 354 Nature has placed the pedals of the leaves-stalks where most nourishment is wanting, to produce leaves, shoots and fruit.

1838 C. S. Rafinesque New Flora & Bot. N. Amer. iv. 65 Nezera albiflora..—Hills of Georgia and Carolina, pedal slender, leaves smaller and not so crowded as in the last.

1926 Amer. Midland Naturalist 10 26 The largest leaf measured 6.25 inches across, the smallest 1.25. The largest pedal was .875 of an inch wide by 2 inches long, and the smallest .25 by .50.

†6. Chiefly humorous. A foot. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > extremities > foot > [noun]

footOE

heelOE

toec1290

pettitoes1590

goers1612

hoofa1616

fetlock1645

stamper1652

fetterlock1674

pedestal1695

trotter1755

footsie1762

dew-beaters1811

pedal1838

mud-hook1850

tootsy1854

tootsicum1860

gun-boat1870

mundowie1880

plate of meat1887

trilby1895

dog1913

puppies1922

1838 J. C. Neal Charcoal Sketches 212 They..could be heard approaching by the damp sucking sound which emanated from their boots... It was thus that our hero travelled, having no caoutchouc health-preservers to shield his pedals from unwholesome contact.

1849 H. Melville Mardi II. xliv. 204 To cool his heated pedals, he established..stopping-places.

1894 Outing 23 884/2 [At Shanghai] I did see the celebrated shrunk or dwarfed feet... The first two or three pairs of these stunted pedals that I noticed excited my pity.

a. Music. A low note (regularly the tonic or the dominant) sustained (or reiterated) in one part, usually the bass, below changing harmonies, and in organ music usually sustained by holding down a pedal. Also called organ-point. See also pedal point n. at Compounds 2. double pedal n. two notes (regularly tonic and dominant) sustained simultaneously in this way. inverted pedal n. a note sustained in this way in any part other than the bass, esp. in the highest part.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > [noun] > movement of parts > sustained note

holding-note1776

point d'orgue?1779

pedal note1786

pedal point1814

pedal1854

organ point1865

sustention1883

sustain1951

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > chord > [noun] > root of chord

radix1673

fundamental1721

generator?1775

root1806

pedal1854

ground-note1877

1854 C. Clarke tr. L. Cherubini Treat. on Counterpoint & Fugue 66 The pedal [Fr. pédale] is a note prolonged and sustained during several bars.

1856 M. C. Clarke tr. H. Berlioz Treat. Mod. Instrumentation 5 The bass string can cross an upper open string..while the open string remains as a pedal.

1869 F. A. G. Ouseley Treat. Counterpoint xxii. 177 Towards the end of a fugue it is usual to place a dominant pedal.

1924 C. H. Kitson Evol. Harmony 280 When the ninth is sounded against its root in an upper part the latter is generally used as an inverted pedal.

1991 Musical Q. Fall 244 Over this pedal, the contour and harmony of the theme are suggested through at least its nineteenth measure.

b. The lowest or fundamental note of a harmonic series in some brass and wind instruments. Frequently attributive.See also pedal note n. 2.

ΚΠ

1856 M. C. Clarke tr. H. Berlioz Treat. Mod. Instrumentation 153/2 All trombones..possess..three notes; which are..called pedals... Supposing that the bass trombone possesses the first only of these pedal notes..it would still be of great value for certain effects.

1944 W. Apel Harvard Dict. Music 340/1 Owing to the narrow bore..the lowest tone of this series (pedal tone) is practically unobtainable.

1959 Collins Mus. Encycl. 491/2 Pedal,..the fundamental (or first note of the harmonic series) on a brass instrument. A few of these notes can be produced with a slack lip on the trombone, the tuba and the B♭ section of the double horn.

2003 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch (Nexis) 27 Apr. 5 g Tricks such as triple tonguing, stuffing his mute into the microphone and blowing pedal tones.

8. Geometry. A curve or surface which is the locus of all the points where lines drawn from a fixed point perpendicularly intersect the tangents to a given curve or surface; a geometrical figure whose vertices are the feet of perpendiculars drawn from a fixed point to the sides of a given figure. Also: a triangle whose vertices are the feet of perpendiculars drawn from the vertices of a given triangle to the opposite sides.negative, oblique pedal: see the first element. first pedal n. the pedal of a curve or surface in relation to the second, third, etc., pedals. second pedal n. the pedal of the pedal (of a curve or surface).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > curve > [noun] > locus

locus1675

evolute1704

place1704

trajectory1795

syntractory1820

focal surface1828

synharmonic1850

syntractrix1852

pedal1862

umbilical focal conic1862

stigmatic1863

synchronism1867

synchronous curve1867

Steinerian1873

tac-locus1873

strophoid1880

orthoptic locus1882

strophoidal1908

hypercycle1909

1862 G. Salmon Treat. Analytic Geom. Three Dimensions xiii. 370 The locus of the feet of perpendiculars let fall, from any fixed point, on the tangent planes of a surface is a derived surface to which French mathematicians have of late thought it worth while to give a distinctive name, ‘podaire’, which we shall translate as the pedal of the given surface.

1862 G. Salmon Treat. Analytic Geom. Three Dimensions xiii. 370 From the pedal may, in like manner, be derived a new surface, and from this another, &c. forming a series of second, third, &c. pedals.

1885 A. G. Greenhill Differential & Integral Calculus (1886) 24 The locus..is called the pedal of the curve with respect to O, and O is called the pole of the pedal.

1898 Proc. Royal Soc. 63 90 (note) The first pedal of the wave-surface is sometimes erroneously called the surface of wave-slowness.

1939 National Math. Mag. 13 338 The projections of M upon the sides of the square are the vertices of a quadrangle P₁, called the first pedal of M.

1988 Amer. Math. Monthly 95 610 The pedal of T′ is the second pedal of T, and so on. The sequence stops if we encounter a right-angled triangle; its pedal is a straight line segment.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive.

pedal action n.

ΚΠ

1851 Sci. Amer. 27 Dec. 118/1 Second, coupling either or both the organ and piano with a pedal action.

2003 Managem. Today (Nexis) 12 May 39 The gearbox provides realistic, variable pedal action.

pedal bass n.

ΚΠ

1834 New Eng. Mag. Jan. 34 They have..a trumpet or cremona, a bass to the swell, and a double-diapason pedal bass of moderate power.

1988 Organbuilder May 16/1 We..found sufficient space amongst the Pedal basses to add a new Trombone 16ft of full-length.

pedal bike n.

ΚΠ

1954 O. H. K. Spate India & Pakistan iii. xi. 290 Bicycle demand is about 500,000 a year, including an unusually high proportion of tricycles, mainly for the ‘trishaw’ or pedalbike-cum-sidecar which is replacing the man-pulled rickshaw in some towns.

2003 Yorks. Post (Nexis) 11 Nov. The first motorised Honda was a pedal bike fitted with an ex-military radio generator.

pedal clavichord n.

ΚΠ

1899 E. E. Kellett & E. W. Naylor tr. O. Bie Hist. Pianoforte iv. 120 Pedal-clavichord. Consisting of two manual clavichords, with two strings to each note, of (8 ft. and) 4 ft. tone, and a pedal-clavichord with four strings to each note, two 16 ft. and two 8 ft.

1989 E. M. Ripin et al. Early Keyboard Instruments iii. 155 Although Douwes described a pedal clavichord..and Blankenberg mentioned a two-manual instrument, neither devoted as much space to clavichords as to quilled instruments.

pedal clavier n.

ΚΠ

1859 Times 30 Apr. 3/5 The CO scale being now universally recognized as the only true and legitimate compass for the manuals and pedal-clavier of an organ.

1995 Virginian-Pilot (Nexis) 8 Jan. e1 Josef Ksica..mastered Monreale's organ that had six keyboards, 46 pedal claviers and about 10,000 wood and metal pipes.

pedal cycle n.

ΚΠ

1905 Times 18 Nov. 13/2 The ground-floor is taken up with numerous stands of pedal cycles, motor cycles, and a number of motorcars.

2000 P. Vincent Mountain Bike Maintenance 6 In less than 25 years, the mountain bike has gone from an obscure oddity to the most popular form of pedal cycle in the world.

pedal cyclist n.

ΚΠ

1920 Times 25 May 14/1 Manifestly he can go in for a tandem motor-cycle, just as the sociably-inclined pedal cyclist has done in his own sphere.

1996 Cycle Touring & Campaigning Apr. 27/1 The North York Moors National Park has continued to pursue the use of these tracks by pedal cyclists on a permissive-use agreement basis.

pedal harp n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > harp or lyre > [noun] > other harps

double harp1552

Welsh harp?1589

shepherd's harp1688

French harp1785

pedal harp1786

koto1795

kora1799

langspiel1821

1786 H. L. Piozzi Jrnl. 30 Sept. in French Jrnls. Mrs. Thrale & Dr. Johnson (1932) 212 The ladies played upon the pedal harp, the gentlemen sung gaily.

1842 E. Sargent What's to be Done? vii. 93 It would, according to Monsieur Mallet, be necessary to have an orchestra of two hundred violins, sixty trombones, ten pedal harps [etc.].

2003 Dayton (Ohio) Daily News (Nexis) 12 Jan. b1 Twenty-four harpists played pedal harps, a full-sized concert instrument weighing up to 90 pounds.

pedal harpsichord n.

ΚΠ

1959 Collins Mus. Encycl. 491/2 Pedal harpsichord, Bach owned a Pedal-klavizimbel which was a harpsichord with pedal board for practising organ music.

1989 E. M. Ripin et al. Early Keyboard Instruments i. 106 Two pedal harpsichords built for organist clients represent the summit of his achievement.

† pedal harpsicon n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1690 T. Mace Advt. (Harl. 5936) in C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music III. 482 There is a Pedal Harpsicon, (the absolute best sort of Consort Harpsicons that has been invented).

pedal key n.

ΚΠ

1834 New Eng. Mag. Jan. 34 He repaired and tuned various organs in Boston, Salem, Cambridge, &c. to some of which he added pedal keys.

2002 Jrnl. News (Westchester County, N.Y.) (Nexis) 13 Dec. 1 e Fertitta likes the Rye instrument for its great versatility, four tiers of keyboards, 2 yards' worth of pedal keys, 80 draw-pull stops and toe-switches everywhere.

pedal mechanism n.

ΚΠ

1896 Godey's Mag. Apr. 369/2 A bicycle of peculiar pedal-mechanism.

1990 Classical Music 20 Jan. 4/3 The problem was quickly sorted out by simply polishing the brass nut at the top of the lifting rod in the pedal mechanism.

pedal passage n.

ΚΠ

1867 Times 1 May 1/3 Not the least noticeable part of their performances is the consummate skill with which they execute the pedal passages.

1999 S. Wales Evening Post (Nexis) 8 Sept. 12 Mendelssohn's third Dryan Sonata was brilliant and fast moving, with well expressed pedal passages.

pedal soundboard n.

ΚΠ

1890 Cent. Dict. 4351/3 Pedal soundboard, in organ-building, the soundboard of the pedal organ.

2004 www.musiclink.co.uk 1 Apr. (O.E.D. Archive) The packing newspaper on the bearers of the pedal soundboard backs up the date of 1868, as does a scrawl of this date on the spring rail.

† pedal-stay n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1869 Young Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 475 Ornamental caps to keep the pedal-stays [of a bicycle] firmly in their places.

pedal stop n.

ΚΠ

1787 F. Hopkinson Let. 14 Apr. in T. Jefferson Papers (1955) XI. 289 The Idea is taken from the Pedal Stop of a Church Organ.

1855 E. J. Hopkins Organ xxii. 118 As a Pedal stop, the Flute has not yet been much used in this country.

1988 Organbuilder May 27/2 The approach to the Chair organ has been well aired. Valuable as a source of Pedal stops, it contains the four ‘Bombarde’ registers, albeit on the same 3¾ pressure.

pedal tracker n.

ΚΠ

1852 tr. J. J. Seidel Organ & its Constr. 71 When the pedal-copula is not used, the pedal-trackers can easily go through them.

1896 Cent. Mag. July 335/1 The bellows leak, the stops stick, some notes have a chronic tendency to ‘cypher,’ and the pedal ‘trackers’ unhook themselves unexpectedly.

2001 Lancaster (Pa.) New Era (Nexis) 21 Sept. b8 The worship space features a $119,200 two manual, pedal tracker organ custom built by R. J. Brunner & Co., Silver Spring.

pedal work n.

ΚΠ

1923 Times 15 Oct. 17/4 Her tone is..admirably suited to Mozart and early Beethoven, and is got by clever pedal work as much as sympathetic fingers.

1944 R. Lehmann Ballad & Source 96 I was already practising my technique for Bicyclists' Dashing Hill—a piece of frantic momentum-gathering pedal work.

2003 Post & Courier (Charleston, S. Carolina) (Nexis) 5 Nov. 2 a The..Andante benefited from effectively subtle pedal work, and the final Presto..proved brisk yet astonishingly uncluttered.

pedal-driven adj.

ΚΠ

1920 Times 24 Nov. 10/1 One little ‘shop’ I visited had..a pedal-driven lathe.

2003 Malay Mail (Nexis) 18 Oct. At the age of 22, the guy constructed a pedal-driven wooden loom (a machine for weaving cloth), and started to sell his product.

pedal-operated adj.

ΚΠ

1908 Westm. Gaz. 20 Oct. 4/3 A similar powered car..with patent pedal-operated plate clutch.

1982 Geogr. Rev. 72 347 Urban customers in particular wanted a standard three-speed, selective transmission rather than Ford's two-speed, pedal-operated device.

pedal-powered adj.

ΚΠ

1962 Times 7 Nov. 10/5 All of the models produced by this company are pedal-powered, which means that the player has to pump his feet up and down to work it.

1992 National Trust Mag. Autumn 12/3 The cyclists..took on the circular 21- or 42-mile routes on a wide variety of pedal-powered machines, from tandems and penny farthings to the latest in recumbents and high-tech mountain bikes.

C2.

pedal bin n. a rubbish bin with a hinged lid opened by means of a pedal.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > clearing of refuse matter > refuse disposal > [noun] > receptacle for refuse

vat1534

voider1613

waste-paper box1836

dustbin1847

kid1847

waste-basket1850

scrap-box1858

waste-paper basket1859

garbage can1869

can1872

hell1872

scrap basket1872

sink tidy1881

tidy-betty1884

kitchen tidy1885

midden1890

wagger1903

W.P.B.1903

waste-bin1915

Sanibin1921

binette1922

G.I. can1929

trash can1929

trashbag1934

litter-bin1947

shitcan1948

pedal bin1951

trash-bin1955

litter-basket1958

midgie1965

bin1972

swing bin1972

tidy bin1972

dump bin1978

wheelie bin1984

binbag1986

1951 Festival of Brit.: Catal. Exhibits: South Bank Exhib. (H.M.S.O.) 52/1 ‘Binette’ pedal bin.

1991 Independent 16 Dec. 11/3 Tests have shown that cloths can contain more germs than your pedal bin.

pedalboard n. Music (in an organ) a set of wooden keys played with the feet, which operate the pedal pipes; (also) a similar set of keys attached to other (early) keyboard instruments.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > pedalboard

pedalboard1834

pedal keyboard1897

1834 in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 600 Manual and Pedal couplers. Radiating Pedal~board.

1954 Grove's Dict. Music (ed. 5) VI. 345/2 We must now consider the subject of pedalling... To look at the pedal-board is often impossible and rarely helpful.

1992 Independent 3 Aug. 13/5 I played a few hymns; I didn't know what to do with my feet, they couldn't reach the pedalboard.

pedal boat n. a boat, usually a pleasure craft, propelled by means of pedals.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > mechanically propelled vessels > [noun] > propelled by treadles

podoscaph1858

pedal boat1910

pedalo1941

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > pleasure vessel > [noun] > pedal boat

pedal boat1910

pedalo1941

1910 Washington Post 19 June (Miscellany Fiction section) 1/4 (caption) This man power pedal boat is speedy and easy to operate.

2000 Independent 20 June i. 10/2 Mr Lewis has already crossed the Atlantic in a pedal boat and roller-bladed across America.

pedal car n. a car, usually a child's toy, propelled by means of pedals.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > toy car propelled by pedalling

pedal car1943

1943 Times 5 May 1/2 (advt.) Please grant two little boys' dearest wishes and a good condition pedal car and motor-boat—good price paid.

1973 Guardian 11 June 6 The event for Formula One pedal cars was part of the RAC L-Driver of the Year finals.

1994 Today's Parent Oct. (insert) p. x (advt.) There are miles of free wheeling fun in store for your child with this pedal car that's modeled after a real Indy 500 racer.

pedal check n. a device for preventing the pedals of an organ from being pressed down.

ΚΠ

1890 Cent. Dict. 4351/2 Pedal check, in organ-building, a device for preventing damage to a pedal keyboard when not in use.

1990 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) (Nexis) 4 Nov. i1 Many other details are included in the project, including restoration of the..pedal check, pedal keys, the cleaning and retuning of pipes [etc.].

pedal clarinet n. a clarinet sounding an octave below the bass clarinet.

ΚΠ

1911 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 36/2 Pedal clarinet, a contrabass instrument invented in 1891 by M. F. Besson to complete the quartet of clarinets..; it is constructed on practically the same principles as the clarinet, and consists of a tube 10 ft. long..doubled up twice upon itself.

1966 Listener 27 Oct. 632/2 He includes such rare instruments as..pedal-clarinet.

pedal clarionet n. = pedal clarinet n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > wind instrument > woodwind instruments > [noun] > reed instrument > clarinet > types of

alto clarinet1831

basset-horn1835

tenor clarinet1879

chalumeau1880

pedal clarionet1891

1891 Times 7 Dec. 9/6 Besson's Pedal Clarionet (reed contrabass) and Cornophone Recital, 3.30 to 6 p.m.

1892 Orchestral Times Jan. 7/2 The ‘Pedal’ Clarionet is the deepest-voiced instrument ever constructed for orchestral use... The fingering of the pedal clarionet is similar to the ordinary clarionet.

† pedal-copula n. [after German Pedalcoppel (1844 in the passage translated in quot. 1852; now Pedalkoppel)] Music Obsolete = pedal-coupler n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > coupler

pedal-coupler1834

coupler1840

copula1852

pedal-copula1852

polychord1858

octave coupler1868

sforzando coupler1876

tumbler-coupler1876

ram-coupler1881

coupling-

1852 tr. J. J. Seidel Organ & its Constr. 70 The pedal-copula is a contrivance by which..the manual may be joined or coupled to the pedale.

pedal-coupler n. Music = sense 1a(d).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > coupler

pedal-coupler1834

coupler1840

copula1852

pedal-copula1852

polychord1858

octave coupler1868

sforzando coupler1876

tumbler-coupler1876

ram-coupler1881

coupling-

1834 in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 600 Manual and Pedal couplers. Radiating Pedal~board.

1954 Times 13 Apr. 9/5 Where..the pedal organ has a firm independent structure of its own, not only is the pedal coupler redundant; its use, besides being historically unsound, can be aesthetically downright bad.

1985 Music 2 Feb. 36/1 (advt.) 1880's Practice Organ, recently renovated..; pedal-couplers.

pedal craft n. a pedal boat; (also) pedal boats collectively.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > mechanically propelled vessels > [noun] > propelled by treadles > collectively

pedal craft1946

1946 Times 15 May 1/7 (advt.) Cycling on Water. Twin-float pedal craft, patent rights for sale.

1957 G. Bellairs Death in High Provence ix. 105 Families..sporting on the beaches, little pedal-craft skimming across the water.

1999 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 11 Apr. 38 Having sampled the pedal craft and kayaks on the boating lake, they soon moved on to the World of Water swimming pool.

† pedal dismount n. Obsolete a dismount from a bicycle executed by swinging one leg around the back of the bicycle, while the other remains on one of the pedals.

ΚΠ

1898 H. Graves et al. Cycling 6 The pedal dismount..is effected by waiting till the left pedal is at its lowest and throwing the right leg over the saddle and back wheel.

pedal entry n. Music (in organ music) a point where a theme or figure is introduced on the pedal stops; also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > music on specific instrument > [noun] > keyboard music > on organ

voluntary1712

organ music1834

organry1850

pedal entry1914

1914 Times 25 June 10/5 The first tenors cut like a knife: the second basses march like one of Bach's pedal entries.

1932 W. H. Auden Orators i. 30 The bowel tremors at the pedal-entry.

2001 Amer. Rec. Guide (Nexis) 1 July 236 The 32' stops are on too much; the most unfortunate instance is the pedal entry in the exposition of the little G-minor Fugue of Bach.

pedal guitar n. Music = pedal steel guitar n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > guitar or lute type > [noun] > guitar > pedal steel guitar

pedal guitar1861

pedal steel1965

pedal steel guitar1965

1861 Times 8 Apr. 12/3 Herr Decker-Schenk is a guitarist as well as a director, and his fantasia on the so-called pedal-guitar is a favourable example of his proficiency.

1970 A. Bellow Illustr. Hist. Guitar vii. 154 An even more unusual guitar, known as a ‘pedal guitar’, was constructed by Eduard Bayer.

2002 Denver Westword (Nexis) 14 Nov. Hall envisioned the Hangovers as a five-piece, Bakersfield-style hard-country band, complete with pedal guitar.

pedal keyboard n. Music = pedalboard n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > pedalboard

pedalboard1834

pedal keyboard1897

1897 New Eng. Mag. Dec. 494/1 The pedal keyboard was only an octave and a half in compass.

1989 E. M. Ripin et al. Early Keyboard Instruments App. 239 Pedal keyboards were sometimes provided for the harpsichord and clavichord and operated an independent instrument underneath the main one.

pedal organ n. Music that part of an organ which is played from the pedalboard.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > partial organ > specific

choir organ1606

chair-organ1636

swelling organ1712

swell1822

pedal organ1829

great1833

solo organ1843

récit1851

1829 in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 599 Pedal Organ... Double Pedal Pipes.

1898 J. Stainer Stainer & Barrett's Dict. Musical Terms (rev. ed.) 337/2 A complete organ may be said to consist of five parts: choir organ, great organ, swell organ, solo organ, and pedal organ.

1988 Organbuilder May 3/2 The Pedal organ..was reduced to two stops, a subbass and a half-length Posaune.

pedal piano n. Music a piano fitted with a pedalboard like that of an organ.

ΚΠ

1819 Times 16 Sept. 4/4 A fine toned pedal piano.

2003 Washington Post (Nexis) 24 Feb. c5 The program included masterpieces languishing in the relatively obscure two-piano repertoire, most particularly Robert Schumann's Six Pieces in canon for pedal piano, Op. 56.

pedal pipe n. Music each of a (usually separate) set of bass pipes in an organ, played with the pedals; usually in plural.

ΚΠ

1817 Times 14 Jan. 1/3 A very superior organ..with pedal pipes and double diapason, altra.

1875 Johnson's New Univ. Cycl. 1134/1 Hence the terms pedal-pipes, pedal-keys, pedal-stops, and the pedal-part in music for the organ.

2000 Birmingham (Alabama) News (Nexis) 25 Feb. The entire case is flanked by two towers of tall pedal pipes.

pedal point n. Music a long, sustained note held while movement continues in other parts of a piece; also figurative; cf. sense 7a. [With quot. 1814 compare German Orgelpunkt (see organ point n. at organ n.¹ Compounds 2).]

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > [noun] > movement of parts > sustained note

holding-note1776

point d'orgue?1779

pedal note1786

pedal point1814

pedal1854

organ point1865

sustention1883

sustain1951

1814 European Mag. & London Rev. Mar. 232/1 The 9 bars of base on a pedal point (to use a term of German science) towards the conclusion of page 7 [of the score].

1852 J. Hullah Gram. Mus. Harmony xxvii. 71 From a very obvious and effective mode of using these (foot) keys has arisen the term pedal point, by which is understood a note maintained during several successive changes of chords, or passages of melody.

1945 ‘S. Marchbanks’ in Peterborough (Ont.) Examiner 18 July 4/3 Both books are of enduring worth, and both have a constant, unifying note—a pedal-point, so to speak—of aristocracy which gives them curious distinction in our age.

1977 New Yorker 16 May 139/1 Hindemith's Requiem opens with a slow instrumental prelude, a four-note tolling ostinato over a pedal point.

2002 Time Out N.Y. 9 May 147/1 Short musical ideas are repeated over harmonic pedal-points, changing and evolving frequently enough to avoid a feeling of stasis.

pedal power n. (a) the power generated by pedalling; (b) (the use or advocacy of) bicycling as a means of transport.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > cycling > [noun] > practice or advocacy of

bicyclism1870

wheel1880

pedal power1944

1944 Times 15 June 7/6 ‘Ankling’ is the experts' way of pedalling that gives you more ‘pedal power’ for the same amount of energy.

1974 Times 5 Mar. (Europa Suppl.) p. vi/1 In the United States the bicycle is in full boom to such an extent that humorists talk of pedal power.

1994 CompuServe Mag. Mar. 49/1 Since..there are more than 55 million adults who ride a bike at least once a week, ‘pedal power’ has the potential to become a viable means of alternative transportation for a lot more people.

pedal pusher n. (a) a cyclist; (b) originally U.S. (in plural) short trousers worn by girls or women, reaching just below the knee and suitable for wearing when cycling.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > cycling > [noun] > cyclist

bicycler1869

bicyclist1869

cycler1876

cyclist1877

pedaller1881

wheelman1881

biker1883

wheeler1886

pedal pusher1912

push-cyclist1912

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for legs > clothing for legs and lower body > [adjective] > trousers > types of

un-codpieced1580

canioned1607

braceless1859

bell-bottom1882

broad-beamed1883

kneed1887

bell-bottomed1891

fall-front1899

stagged1902

pegged1905

pedal pusher1912

pipestem1915

drainpipe1930

chino1943

anti-g1945

low-rise1948

cuffless1957

low-riding1958

hip-hugging1968

plus twos1977

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for legs > clothing for legs and lower body > [noun] > trousers > types of > (suitable) for specific purpose > for cycling

pedal pusher1912

pedaller1945

1912 Bulletin (Sydney) 15 Aug. 16/4 He bases his arguments for its [sc. the war-bike's] abounding uselessness on his experience..with a pedal-pusher corps.

1944 Life 28 Aug. 65/2 When college girls took to riding bicycles in slacks, they first rolled up one trouser leg, then rolled up both. This..has now produced a trim variety of long shorts, called ‘pedal pushers’.

1953 Power & Pedal 21 (caption) Why be a pedal pusher?

1998 N.Y. Times 3 Mar. a19/2 Cropped pants–whether capris, pedal pushers or toreadors–are back in force for spring.

pedal radio n. = pedal wireless n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radio set > two-way > types of

pedal set1926

pedal radio1930

pedal wireless1932

walkie-talkie1939

handy-talkie1942

TBS1944

1930 A.I.M. Frontier News (Sydney) Aug. 3 (caption) A ‘Woman of the West’, busy at her work of shattering isolation with the aid of an A.I.M. ‘Pedal’ Radio Transmitter.

1959 Manch. Guardian 5 Aug. 5/4 All the aeroplane, the pedal-radio..and, latterly, the road-train have done to break down the isolation of life in inland central Australia.

2001 J. Robinson Voices of Queensland iii. 88 Pedal radio, also called pedal wireless and pedal transceiver. A small radio transmitter with a generator powered by a foot pedal [etc.].

pedal set n. (a) the set of foot-operated control pedals in a motor vehicle; (b) = pedal wireless n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radio set > two-way > types of

pedal set1926

pedal radio1930

pedal wireless1932

walkie-talkie1939

handy-talkie1942

TBS1944

1926 Times 19 May 22/1 The clutch and gears behaved well, and so did the brakes, although the near-side rear one of the pedal set did more than its share.

1939 J. W. Collings 8000 Miles by Air 3 That evening, Dr Vickers had arranged for me to address the pedal set outposts.

1949 H. M. Madeley Austral. xxxiv. 138 These pedal sets are in mining camps, in lonely houses, in police stations, in nursing homes.

2003 Autoweek (Nexis) 10 Nov. 23 Inside is an aluminum pedal set, footrest, gear lever and set of sill plates for $2,246.

pedal steel n. Music = pedal steel guitar n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > guitar or lute type > [noun] > guitar > pedal steel guitar

pedal guitar1861

pedal steel1965

pedal steel guitar1965

1965 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 78 252 The instrument [sc. dobro guitar] had been common in the hillbilly music of the 1930's and, in its electrified (pedal steel) form, in the later country-western music.

1977 Zigzag Mar. 30/1 This coupled with Mike Utley's delicate piano and Al Perkins' unobtrusive pedal steel makes the track one of the standout cuts on the first side.

1994 New Yorker 10 Oct. 18/1 He was worshipped for performing feats of derring-do and for incorporating electric sitar, pedal steel and other erotica in Yes's phantasmagorical palette.

pedal steel guitar n. Music an electric guitar fixed on a stand and connected to pedals by which the tension of the strings can be altered to produce glissando effects.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > guitar or lute type > [noun] > guitar > pedal steel guitar

pedal guitar1861

pedal steel1965

pedal steel guitar1965

1965 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 78 253 No account of influential bluegrass musicians can fail to mention..Sonny Osborne, whose banjo playing has increasingly used elements of pedal-steel guitar from country-western music.

1992 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. 25 July g1/3 On Sundays, Columbia University's cloistered campus is so quiet that visitors swear they can sometimes hear..the plaintive whine of a pedal steel guitar.

pedal wireless n. a small radio transceiver, with a generator powered by a foot-pedal, providing a means of communication in the Australian outback.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radio set > two-way > types of

pedal set1926

pedal radio1930

pedal wireless1932

walkie-talkie1939

handy-talkie1942

TBS1944

1932 A.I.M. Frontier News Mar. 35 The installation of a pedal wireless set at the Wimmera Home.

1976 J. H. Travers Bull Dust on Brigalow 34 By the use of the pedal wireless..everybody knew of our whereabouts.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pedal
释义	pedaln.¹ Brit. /ˈpɛdl/, U.S. /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ Forms: 1600s pedall, 1600s– pedal, 1900s– peddle (irregular). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pédale. Etymology: < French pédale pedal of an organ or other musical instrument (1560 in Middle French), foot-operated lever to start or control machinery (1719), sustained and prolonged sound (1806) < Italian pedale pedal of an organ (1561; 1304 in sense ‘base of a tree’) < classical Latin pedālis , adjective (see pedal adj.). With sense 7 compare also Occitan pedala (a1829). I. A lever operated by the foot. 1. Music. a. A foot-operated lever on an organ; spec. (a) each of the set of keys played with the feet, resembling those played with the hands in arrangement, but much larger and generally playing lower notes, and together constituting the pedalboard (see Compounds 1); (b) a foot lever used for drawing a number of stops out or in at once (also called combination pedal, composition pedal, or piston); (c) the foot lever by which the swell box is opened and shut (cf. swell n. 6); (d) any of various foot levers used for coupling two keyboards, keys, etc. (also called coupler); (e) the pedalboard as a whole; (also) the ranks of bass pipes operated by this, which constitute the pedal organ. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > pedalboard > pedal footstool1611 pedal1611 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Basses marches, pedalls; the low keyes of some Organs to be touched with the feet. 1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. xx. 90 The Pedals of Turbith; and the Clavier or Keys of Scammony. 1776 J. Hawkins Gen. Hist. Music IV. i. 150 The German organs have also Keys for the feet called Pedals. 1791 T. Martyn Tour through Italy vi. 169 The organ is the largest in the city, was built in 1549, and has thirty-six stops and pedals. 1829 Specif. Organ, St. James's, Bermondsey in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 599 Three Composition Pedals to Great,..Pedal to couple Swell to Great. 1863 J. R. Green Let. 25 Apr. (1901) 121 A. is learning the organ..and is already great in the pedals. 1880 E. J. Hopkins in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 606 The ‘Sforzando coupler’ is a movement worked by a pedal, by the aid of which the Great Organ is suddenly attached to the Swell. a1902 F. Norris Pit (1903) vi A teacher was engaged to instruct her in the intricacies of stops and of pedals. 1988 Organbuilder May 3/2 It expanded the Wallsend conception, with..16ft and 8ft reeds added to the Echo and a complete principal chorus and 16ft reed on the pedal. 2003 Cincinnati Enquirer (Nexis) 10 Nov. 1 b The only visible part of the organ is a large console with three keyboards and numerous pedals. b. Each of the set of (usually seven) foot-operated levers on a harp which stop the strings at different points, raising the pitch of the notes by one or two semitones and thus enabling the performer to play in any key. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > harp or lyre > [noun] > parts of > pedal pedal1771 1771 C. Burney Present State Music France & Italy 59 (note) This method of producing the half-tones on the harp, by pedals, was invented at Brussels, about fifteen years ago, by M. Simon. 1789 E. Craven Journey through Crimea (ed. 2) xix. 93 I was pestered to death with questions about my harp at night. I find a harp with pedals is a very rare thing in Italy. 1800 W. Bingley Tour round N. Wales II. xiii. 280 One Simon, of Brussels, made a still greater improvement upon the harp, by the addition of pedals, for producing the half tones. 1880 A. J. Hipkins in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 683 In the Harp the pedals are not keys..but it is their province to alter the pitch in two gradations of a semitone each. 1919 Times 29 Mar. 15/6 The greater range of the modern harp, with its elaborate pedal mechanism and its capability of enharmonic changes, makes it far more sensitive to the requirements of modern music than even the harpsichord could be. 1992 Oxf. Compan. to Mus. Instruments 148/1 The seven pedals project from the wooden base to which the pillar and soundchest are attached by bolts. c. A foot-operated lever on a piano or related instrument that modifies tone or effect; spec. (a) one for raising the dampers from the strings, thus sustaining the note and rendering it fuller; also called damper, loud, sustain (sustain pedal n. at sustain n. Compounds 2), or sustaining pedal (sustaining pedal n. at sustaining adj. Compounds); (b) one which softens the tone, either by shifting the hammers so as to strike only one or two strings instead of three for each note, or by diminishing their length of blow, or by interposing a strip of cloth between them and the strings (more usually called soft pedal; cf. also celeste n. 2b); (c) one which sustains a particular group of notes after they are struck; now called sostenuto pedal (sostenuto pedal n. at sostenuto adj. and n. Additions), also (informally) sustaining pedal (sustaining pedal n. (a) at sustaining adj. Compounds). Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > stringed keyboards > [noun] > pianoforte > pedal pedal1816 1816 J. Austen Emma II. viii. 147 Having so much to ask and to say as to tone, touch, and pedal . View more context for this quotation 1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 141 In foreign piano-fortes we find many pedals, but in the English we have scarcely ever more than two—one for piano effects, and the other for forte. 1861 A. Wynter Our Social Bees 431 There was something..so innocent in her bearing, that you instinctively put down the soft pedal in your voice when addressing her. 1880 A. J. Hipkins in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 678 J. S. Bach had a harpsichord with two rows of keys and pedals. 1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage civ. 546 There were little trills to represent the lapping waves and thundering chords, with the loud pedal down, to suggest a storm. 1936 Y. Bowen Pedalling Mod. Pianoforte i. 5 If there is any sluggishness..our good intentions in the use of the pedal may be seriously discounted. 1991 Piano Q. Fall 54/1 The bass-sustain device is one of the most common functions of the middle pedal in most vertical pianos and some economy grands. d. A treadle used to operate the bellows of a harmonium. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > types of organ > [noun] > reed-organ > parts of vibrator1862 percussion stop1875 striking-reed1875 knee-stop1876 percussion1879 tube-board1880 pedal1882 1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) (at cited word) On the harmonium and parlour-organ, the pedal works the bellows. 1894 Catal. Story & Clark Organs, A New Organ ‘Creation’ The pedals are the pumpers and are used for supplying air to the reservoir above, through channels in upright legs or sides. 1998 Hull Daily Mail (Nexis) 3 June 12 Les bought a church harmonium (the one that you pumped air in with your feet on pedals). e. A foot-operated lever used in playing any of various percussion instruments, esp. the bass drum. ΚΠ 1934 E. Little Mod. Rhythmic Drumming i. xxii. 21 The ‘High-Hat’ pedal brings the cymbals within reach of the snare drum sticks. 1980 Washington Post 12 Oct. l1 When the timpanist uses the pedal on the drum, an arrow on the gauge moves to indicate the new pitch. 2003 Charlotte (N. Carolina) Observer (Nexis) 2 Nov. 3 h A pedal connected to a felt-covered mallet allows the drummer to play low, quick beats with one foot. f. A foot-operated device for producing a sound effect on an electric guitar, etc. Also called effects pedal. ΚΠ 1967 Billboard 25 Mar. 63/4 ‘Wah Wah's’ can now be produced on any amplified instrument with Vox's newly introduced Wah Wah pedal. 1969 It 13–28 June 13/2 Frank proved quite conclusively that he's a brilliant guitarist, especially with a ‘wah-wah’ pedal. 1984 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 17 Aug. c1/6 With a portable amplifier and several pedals, he gets an echoing, chiming sound from his guitar. 2003 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 3 Nov. c2 The guitarist looked at the floor and jabbed at an effects pedal with his foot. 2. A foot-operated lever used to operate, impart motion to, or control a machine or mechanical contrivance, such as a lathe, sewing machine, or rubbish bin; a treadle. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > lever > [noun] > operated by foot treadle14.. treddle1671 footstep1678 footboard1721 treader1747 pedal1789 treadle mat1937 1789 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. II ii. 56 Inventress of the Woof, fair Lina flings The flying shuttle through the dancing strings:..Quick beat the reeds, the pedals fall and rise. 1882 Cent. Mag. Dec. 316/1 The air needed to move the motor is admitted directly, and by means of a simple stop-cock, that, in the case of a sewing-machine or lathe, can be controlled by the foot-pedal. 1968 V. Nabokov King, Queen, Knave i. 15 That old sewing machine with its arthritic pedal wrapped up in brown paper is so clear right now, and yet in an hour or two I shall forget it forever. 1994 N. Baker Fermata iii. 39 The surprising thing really is how little luck I have had using the foot-pedal of my tape-transcription machine. 2000 M. Barrowcliffe Girlfriend 44 xv. 406 She had one of those chrome bullet bins that were fashionable a few years back. I pressed the pedal and looked inside. 3. Either of two foot-operated levers used for powering a bicycle or other vehicle propelled by the legs; spec. the part of the assembly on which the foot rests.The mechanism referred to in quot. 1845 is not fully described. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > parts and equipment of cycles > pedals and parts pedal1845 grip treadle1881 toe-strap1884 grip-pedal1885 rat trap1887 treadle1887 toe-clip1895 bear trap1984 1845 Mechanics' Mag. 23 Aug. 144/2 The labour [of moving the Railway Velocipede] is now divided equally between the feet and hands—the motion being induced by handles and pedals. 1869 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. 477 The Pedals or stirrups [of a bicycle] are made of various shapes. 1888 J. Pennell & E. R. Pennell Sent. Journey 182 Every turn of the pedals I felt must be the last. 1897 Westm. Gaz. 20 Aug. 8/1 Von Baader first constructed a velocipede with pedals in 1820. 1931 H. W. Bartleet Bartleet's Bicycle Bk. 33 Every practical cyclist who saw my pedals praised the scheme of rattrap and rubber in combination. 1966 T. Simpson Cycling is my Life v. 38 My left leg was still fastened to the pedal by the toe-strap. 1993 N.Y. Times 24 Oct. v. 29/2 I had not changed the gears on my racing bike to touring gears, which would have made turning the pedals over much easier. 4. a. A foot-operated lever forming one of the controls in a motor vehicle, spec. that used for acceleration. Also figurative.accelerator-, brake-, gas pedal, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > pedals accelerator pedal1902 pedal1902 brake-pedal1903 gas pedal1914 1902 W. W. Beaumont in A. C. Harmsworth et al. Motors & Motor-driving (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) x. 219 The friction of the band on the drum..pulls on the band in the same direction as the pedal. 1926 Scribner's Mag. Aug. 153/1 The girl was satiated with speed. She relaxed the pressure of her foot on the pedal, and leaned back in her seat. ‘Some car!’ she said. 1974 Country Life 21 Mar. 659/2 Pedals are nicely positioned for heel and toe driving. 1996 Observer 31 Mar. (Sports section) 12/1 They scored seven tries in a blistering first-half performance before taking their foot off the pedal after the break. b. colloquial (originally U.S.). (a) pedal-to-the-metal: (originally in the context of driving, later also in extended use) high-speed, fast-paced; reckless, unrestrained. Also as adv. and in with the pedal to the metal: at top speed; headlong, recklessly. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > [adjective] > driving in specific manner overspeeding1906 speeding1957 pedal-to-the-metal1976 1976 Time 27 Sept. 82/2 Up to 3,500 fans will..watch these two ‘pedal-to-the-metal’ drivers bump fenders as they scream around the track. 1987 J. Franklin Molecules of Mind (1988) xix. 257 Our world was an eighteen-wheeler full of dynamite, careening down the highway with the pedal to the metal. 1989 Economist (Nexis) 1 July 12 The French, who have been setting a pedal-to-the-metal pace towards the Monnet, will have to go slower than they wanted. 1998 Chicago Tribune 11 Jan. xii. 1/2 [He] is heading pedal-to-the-metal into matrimony. 2001 Esquire Aug. 131/1 3,000 miles of pedal-to-the-metal, wind-in-the-face, action-packed driving. (b) to put the pedal to the metal and variants: to accelerate, to drive at top speed; (in extended use) to proceed very rapidly or recklessly; to perform to one's full capacity. ΚΠ 1976 National Lampoon July 60 Once again D.D. puts the pedal to the metal. 1984 Economist (Nexis) 9 June 65 (heading) The West Germans put the pedal to the metal. 1993 Hockey News (Toronto) 5 Feb. 12/5 If..Sutter continues to keep the pedal to the metal and alienate many of his best players, the Bruins' management will demonstrate once again what is the bottom line. 1997 G. Williams Diamond Geezers xxi. 141 Plenty of young geezers..desperate to get behind the wheel of a flash motor, put the pedal to the metal given half a chance. 1999 Spark (Reading Univ. Student Union) 1 Mar. 26/3 After an extremely tight first half.., Reading put the pedal to the metal and emerged jubilant. II. Technical and other uses. 5. Botany. A stem, stalk, or stalklike structure; a pedicel, a peduncle. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > stem or stalk > [noun] > pedicel or footstalk stalkc1325 starta1400 tinea1400 petifoot?1440 footling1562 footstalk1562 strig1565 stem1600 tail1613 pedicle1626 pedal1660 pedicel1682 peduncle1702 ray1729 stipes1760 stipe1785 flower-stalk1789 fruit-stalk1796 podium1866 1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 33 The best generall token of maturity is its loosness from the pedall by which it is joined to the stock. 1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 117 To serve as a foundation to the pedal of the blossom. 1727 S. Hales Veg. Staticks vii. 354 Nature has placed the pedals of the leaves-stalks where most nourishment is wanting, to produce leaves, shoots and fruit. 1838 C. S. Rafinesque New Flora & Bot. N. Amer. iv. 65 Nezera albiflora..—Hills of Georgia and Carolina, pedal slender, leaves smaller and not so crowded as in the last. 1926 Amer. Midland Naturalist 10 26 The largest leaf measured 6.25 inches across, the smallest 1.25. The largest pedal was .875 of an inch wide by 2 inches long, and the smallest .25 by .50. †6. Chiefly humorous. A foot. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > extremities > foot > [noun] footOE heelOE toec1290 pettitoes1590 goers1612 hoofa1616 fetlock1645 stamper1652 fetterlock1674 pedestal1695 trotter1755 footsie1762 dew-beaters1811 pedal1838 mud-hook1850 tootsy1854 tootsicum1860 gun-boat1870 mundowie1880 plate of meat1887 trilby1895 dog1913 puppies1922 1838 J. C. Neal Charcoal Sketches 212 They..could be heard approaching by the damp sucking sound which emanated from their boots... It was thus that our hero travelled, having no caoutchouc health-preservers to shield his pedals from unwholesome contact. 1849 H. Melville Mardi II. xliv. 204 To cool his heated pedals, he established..stopping-places. 1894 Outing 23 884/2 [At Shanghai] I did see the celebrated shrunk or dwarfed feet... The first two or three pairs of these stunted pedals that I noticed excited my pity. 7. a. Music. A low note (regularly the tonic or the dominant) sustained (or reiterated) in one part, usually the bass, below changing harmonies, and in organ music usually sustained by holding down a pedal. Also called organ-point. See also pedal point n. at Compounds 2. double pedal n. two notes (regularly tonic and dominant) sustained simultaneously in this way. inverted pedal n. a note sustained in this way in any part other than the bass, esp. in the highest part. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > [noun] > movement of parts > sustained note holding-note1776 point d'orgue?1779 pedal note1786 pedal point1814 pedal1854 organ point1865 sustention1883 sustain1951 society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > chord > [noun] > root of chord radix1673 fundamental1721 generator?1775 root1806 pedal1854 ground-note1877 1854 C. Clarke tr. L. Cherubini Treat. on Counterpoint & Fugue 66 The pedal [Fr. pédale] is a note prolonged and sustained during several bars. 1856 M. C. Clarke tr. H. Berlioz Treat. Mod. Instrumentation 5 The bass string can cross an upper open string..while the open string remains as a pedal. 1869 F. A. G. Ouseley Treat. Counterpoint xxii. 177 Towards the end of a fugue it is usual to place a dominant pedal. 1924 C. H. Kitson Evol. Harmony 280 When the ninth is sounded against its root in an upper part the latter is generally used as an inverted pedal. 1991 Musical Q. Fall 244 Over this pedal, the contour and harmony of the theme are suggested through at least its nineteenth measure. b. The lowest or fundamental note of a harmonic series in some brass and wind instruments. Frequently attributive.See also pedal note n. 2. ΚΠ 1856 M. C. Clarke tr. H. Berlioz Treat. Mod. Instrumentation 153/2 All trombones..possess..three notes; which are..called pedals... Supposing that the bass trombone possesses the first only of these pedal notes..it would still be of great value for certain effects. 1944 W. Apel Harvard Dict. Music 340/1 Owing to the narrow bore..the lowest tone of this series (pedal tone) is practically unobtainable. 1959 Collins Mus. Encycl. 491/2 Pedal,..the fundamental (or first note of the harmonic series) on a brass instrument. A few of these notes can be produced with a slack lip on the trombone, the tuba and the B♭ section of the double horn. 2003 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch (Nexis) 27 Apr. 5 g Tricks such as triple tonguing, stuffing his mute into the microphone and blowing pedal tones. 8. Geometry. A curve or surface which is the locus of all the points where lines drawn from a fixed point perpendicularly intersect the tangents to a given curve or surface; a geometrical figure whose vertices are the feet of perpendiculars drawn from a fixed point to the sides of a given figure. Also: a triangle whose vertices are the feet of perpendiculars drawn from the vertices of a given triangle to the opposite sides.negative, oblique pedal: see the first element. first pedal n. the pedal of a curve or surface in relation to the second, third, etc., pedals. second pedal n. the pedal of the pedal (of a curve or surface). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > curve > [noun] > locus locus1675 evolute1704 place1704 trajectory1795 syntractory1820 focal surface1828 synharmonic1850 syntractrix1852 pedal1862 umbilical focal conic1862 umbilical focal conic1862 stigmatic1863 synchronism1867 synchronous curve1867 Steinerian1873 tac-locus1873 strophoid1880 orthoptic locus1882 strophoidal1908 hypercycle1909 1862 G. Salmon Treat. Analytic Geom. Three Dimensions xiii. 370 The locus of the feet of perpendiculars let fall, from any fixed point, on the tangent planes of a surface is a derived surface to which French mathematicians have of late thought it worth while to give a distinctive name, ‘podaire’, which we shall translate as the pedal of the given surface. 1862 G. Salmon Treat. Analytic Geom. Three Dimensions xiii. 370 From the pedal may, in like manner, be derived a new surface, and from this another, &c. forming a series of second, third, &c. pedals. 1885 A. G. Greenhill Differential & Integral Calculus (1886) 24 The locus..is called the pedal of the curve with respect to O, and O is called the pole of the pedal. 1898 Proc. Royal Soc. 63 90 (note) The first pedal of the wave-surface is sometimes erroneously called the surface of wave-slowness. 1939 National Math. Mag. 13 338 The projections of M upon the sides of the square are the vertices of a quadrangle P₁, called the first pedal of M. 1988 Amer. Math. Monthly 95 610 The pedal of T′ is the second pedal of T, and so on. The sequence stops if we encounter a right-angled triangle; its pedal is a straight line segment. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. pedal action n. ΚΠ 1851 Sci. Amer. 27 Dec. 118/1 Second, coupling either or both the organ and piano with a pedal action. 2003 Managem. Today (Nexis) 12 May 39 The gearbox provides realistic, variable pedal action. pedal bass n. ΚΠ 1834 New Eng. Mag. Jan. 34 They have..a trumpet or cremona, a bass to the swell, and a double-diapason pedal bass of moderate power. 1988 Organbuilder May 16/1 We..found sufficient space amongst the Pedal basses to add a new Trombone 16ft of full-length. pedal bike n. ΚΠ 1954 O. H. K. Spate India & Pakistan iii. xi. 290 Bicycle demand is about 500,000 a year, including an unusually high proportion of tricycles, mainly for the ‘trishaw’ or pedalbike-cum-sidecar which is replacing the man-pulled rickshaw in some towns. 2003 Yorks. Post (Nexis) 11 Nov. The first motorised Honda was a pedal bike fitted with an ex-military radio generator. pedal clavichord n. ΚΠ 1899 E. E. Kellett & E. W. Naylor tr. O. Bie Hist. Pianoforte iv. 120 Pedal-clavichord. Consisting of two manual clavichords, with two strings to each note, of (8 ft. and) 4 ft. tone, and a pedal-clavichord with four strings to each note, two 16 ft. and two 8 ft. 1989 E. M. Ripin et al. Early Keyboard Instruments iii. 155 Although Douwes described a pedal clavichord..and Blankenberg mentioned a two-manual instrument, neither devoted as much space to clavichords as to quilled instruments. pedal clavier n. ΚΠ 1859 Times 30 Apr. 3/5 The CO scale being now universally recognized as the only true and legitimate compass for the manuals and pedal-clavier of an organ. 1995 Virginian-Pilot (Nexis) 8 Jan. e1 Josef Ksica..mastered Monreale's organ that had six keyboards, 46 pedal claviers and about 10,000 wood and metal pipes. pedal cycle n. ΚΠ 1905 Times 18 Nov. 13/2 The ground-floor is taken up with numerous stands of pedal cycles, motor cycles, and a number of motorcars. 2000 P. Vincent Mountain Bike Maintenance 6 In less than 25 years, the mountain bike has gone from an obscure oddity to the most popular form of pedal cycle in the world. pedal cyclist n. ΚΠ 1920 Times 25 May 14/1 Manifestly he can go in for a tandem motor-cycle, just as the sociably-inclined pedal cyclist has done in his own sphere. 1996 Cycle Touring & Campaigning Apr. 27/1 The North York Moors National Park has continued to pursue the use of these tracks by pedal cyclists on a permissive-use agreement basis. pedal harp n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > harp or lyre > [noun] > other harps double harp1552 Welsh harp?1589 shepherd's harp1688 French harp1785 pedal harp1786 koto1795 kora1799 langspiel1821 1786 H. L. Piozzi Jrnl. 30 Sept. in French Jrnls. Mrs. Thrale & Dr. Johnson (1932) 212 The ladies played upon the pedal harp, the gentlemen sung gaily. 1842 E. Sargent What's to be Done? vii. 93 It would, according to Monsieur Mallet, be necessary to have an orchestra of two hundred violins, sixty trombones, ten pedal harps [etc.]. 2003 Dayton (Ohio) Daily News (Nexis) 12 Jan. b1 Twenty-four harpists played pedal harps, a full-sized concert instrument weighing up to 90 pounds. pedal harpsichord n. ΚΠ 1959 Collins Mus. Encycl. 491/2 Pedal harpsichord, Bach owned a Pedal-klavizimbel which was a harpsichord with pedal board for practising organ music. 1989 E. M. Ripin et al. Early Keyboard Instruments i. 106 Two pedal harpsichords built for organist clients represent the summit of his achievement. † pedal harpsicon n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1690 T. Mace Advt. (Harl. 5936) in C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music III. 482 There is a Pedal Harpsicon, (the absolute best sort of Consort Harpsicons that has been invented). pedal key n. ΚΠ 1834 New Eng. Mag. Jan. 34 He repaired and tuned various organs in Boston, Salem, Cambridge, &c. to some of which he added pedal keys. 2002 Jrnl. News (Westchester County, N.Y.) (Nexis) 13 Dec. 1 e Fertitta likes the Rye instrument for its great versatility, four tiers of keyboards, 2 yards' worth of pedal keys, 80 draw-pull stops and toe-switches everywhere. pedal mechanism n. ΚΠ 1896 Godey's Mag. Apr. 369/2 A bicycle of peculiar pedal-mechanism. 1990 Classical Music 20 Jan. 4/3 The problem was quickly sorted out by simply polishing the brass nut at the top of the lifting rod in the pedal mechanism. pedal passage n. ΚΠ 1867 Times 1 May 1/3 Not the least noticeable part of their performances is the consummate skill with which they execute the pedal passages. 1999 S. Wales Evening Post (Nexis) 8 Sept. 12 Mendelssohn's third Dryan Sonata was brilliant and fast moving, with well expressed pedal passages. pedal soundboard n. ΚΠ 1890 Cent. Dict. 4351/3 Pedal soundboard, in organ-building, the soundboard of the pedal organ. 2004 www.musiclink.co.uk 1 Apr. (O.E.D. Archive) The packing newspaper on the bearers of the pedal soundboard backs up the date of 1868, as does a scrawl of this date on the spring rail. † pedal-stay n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1869 Young Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 475 Ornamental caps to keep the pedal-stays [of a bicycle] firmly in their places. pedal stop n. ΚΠ 1787 F. Hopkinson Let. 14 Apr. in T. Jefferson Papers (1955) XI. 289 The Idea is taken from the Pedal Stop of a Church Organ. 1855 E. J. Hopkins Organ xxii. 118 As a Pedal stop, the Flute has not yet been much used in this country. 1988 Organbuilder May 27/2 The approach to the Chair organ has been well aired. Valuable as a source of Pedal stops, it contains the four ‘Bombarde’ registers, albeit on the same 3¾ pressure. pedal tracker n. ΚΠ 1852 tr. J. J. Seidel Organ & its Constr. 71 When the pedal-copula is not used, the pedal-trackers can easily go through them. 1896 Cent. Mag. July 335/1 The bellows leak, the stops stick, some notes have a chronic tendency to ‘cypher,’ and the pedal ‘trackers’ unhook themselves unexpectedly. 2001 Lancaster (Pa.) New Era (Nexis) 21 Sept. b8 The worship space features a $119,200 two manual, pedal tracker organ custom built by R. J. Brunner & Co., Silver Spring. pedal work n. ΚΠ 1923 Times 15 Oct. 17/4 Her tone is..admirably suited to Mozart and early Beethoven, and is got by clever pedal work as much as sympathetic fingers. 1944 R. Lehmann Ballad & Source 96 I was already practising my technique for Bicyclists' Dashing Hill—a piece of frantic momentum-gathering pedal work. 2003 Post & Courier (Charleston, S. Carolina) (Nexis) 5 Nov. 2 a The..Andante benefited from effectively subtle pedal work, and the final Presto..proved brisk yet astonishingly uncluttered. b. pedal-driven adj. ΚΠ 1920 Times 24 Nov. 10/1 One little ‘shop’ I visited had..a pedal-driven lathe. 2003 Malay Mail (Nexis) 18 Oct. At the age of 22, the guy constructed a pedal-driven wooden loom (a machine for weaving cloth), and started to sell his product. pedal-operated adj. ΚΠ 1908 Westm. Gaz. 20 Oct. 4/3 A similar powered car..with patent pedal-operated plate clutch. 1982 Geogr. Rev. 72 347 Urban customers in particular wanted a standard three-speed, selective transmission rather than Ford's two-speed, pedal-operated device. pedal-powered adj. ΚΠ 1962 Times 7 Nov. 10/5 All of the models produced by this company are pedal-powered, which means that the player has to pump his feet up and down to work it. 1992 National Trust Mag. Autumn 12/3 The cyclists..took on the circular 21- or 42-mile routes on a wide variety of pedal-powered machines, from tandems and penny farthings to the latest in recumbents and high-tech mountain bikes. C2. pedal bin n. a rubbish bin with a hinged lid opened by means of a pedal. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > clearing of refuse matter > refuse disposal > [noun] > receptacle for refuse vat1534 voider1613 waste-paper box1836 dustbin1847 kid1847 waste-basket1850 scrap-box1858 waste-paper basket1859 garbage can1869 can1872 hell1872 scrap basket1872 sink tidy1881 tidy-betty1884 kitchen tidy1885 midden1890 wagger1903 W.P.B.1903 waste-bin1915 Sanibin1921 binette1922 G.I. can1929 trash can1929 trashbag1934 litter-bin1947 shitcan1948 pedal bin1951 trash-bin1955 litter-basket1958 midgie1965 bin1972 swing bin1972 tidy bin1972 dump bin1978 wheelie bin1984 binbag1986 1951 Festival of Brit.: Catal. Exhibits: South Bank Exhib. (H.M.S.O.) 52/1 ‘Binette’ pedal bin. 1991 Independent 16 Dec. 11/3 Tests have shown that cloths can contain more germs than your pedal bin. pedalboard n. Music (in an organ) a set of wooden keys played with the feet, which operate the pedal pipes; (also) a similar set of keys attached to other (early) keyboard instruments. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > pedalboard pedalboard1834 pedal keyboard1897 1834 in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 600 Manual and Pedal couplers. Radiating Pedal~board. 1954 Grove's Dict. Music (ed. 5) VI. 345/2 We must now consider the subject of pedalling... To look at the pedal-board is often impossible and rarely helpful. 1992 Independent 3 Aug. 13/5 I played a few hymns; I didn't know what to do with my feet, they couldn't reach the pedalboard. pedal boat n. a boat, usually a pleasure craft, propelled by means of pedals. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > mechanically propelled vessels > [noun] > propelled by treadles podoscaph1858 pedal boat1910 pedalo1941 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > pleasure vessel > [noun] > pedal boat pedal boat1910 pedalo1941 1910 Washington Post 19 June (Miscellany Fiction section) 1/4 (caption) This man power pedal boat is speedy and easy to operate. 2000 Independent 20 June i. 10/2 Mr Lewis has already crossed the Atlantic in a pedal boat and roller-bladed across America. pedal car n. a car, usually a child's toy, propelled by means of pedals. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > toy car propelled by pedalling pedal car1943 1943 Times 5 May 1/2 (advt.) Please grant two little boys' dearest wishes and a good condition pedal car and motor-boat—good price paid. 1973 Guardian 11 June 6 The event for Formula One pedal cars was part of the RAC L-Driver of the Year finals. 1994 Today's Parent Oct. (insert) p. x (advt.) There are miles of free wheeling fun in store for your child with this pedal car that's modeled after a real Indy 500 racer. pedal check n. a device for preventing the pedals of an organ from being pressed down. ΚΠ 1890 Cent. Dict. 4351/2 Pedal check, in organ-building, a device for preventing damage to a pedal keyboard when not in use. 1990 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) (Nexis) 4 Nov. i1 Many other details are included in the project, including restoration of the..pedal check, pedal keys, the cleaning and retuning of pipes [etc.]. pedal clarinet n. a clarinet sounding an octave below the bass clarinet. ΚΠ 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 36/2 Pedal clarinet, a contrabass instrument invented in 1891 by M. F. Besson to complete the quartet of clarinets..; it is constructed on practically the same principles as the clarinet, and consists of a tube 10 ft. long..doubled up twice upon itself. 1966 Listener 27 Oct. 632/2 He includes such rare instruments as..pedal-clarinet. pedal clarionet n. = pedal clarinet n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > wind instrument > woodwind instruments > [noun] > reed instrument > clarinet > types of alto clarinet1831 basset-horn1835 tenor clarinet1879 chalumeau1880 pedal clarionet1891 1891 Times 7 Dec. 9/6 Besson's Pedal Clarionet (reed contrabass) and Cornophone Recital, 3.30 to 6 p.m. 1892 Orchestral Times Jan. 7/2 The ‘Pedal’ Clarionet is the deepest-voiced instrument ever constructed for orchestral use... The fingering of the pedal clarionet is similar to the ordinary clarionet. † pedal-copula n. [after German Pedalcoppel (1844 in the passage translated in quot. 1852; now Pedalkoppel)] Music Obsolete = pedal-coupler n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > coupler pedal-coupler1834 coupler1840 copula1852 pedal-copula1852 polychord1858 octave coupler1868 sforzando coupler1876 tumbler-coupler1876 ram-coupler1881 coupling- 1852 tr. J. J. Seidel Organ & its Constr. 70 The pedal-copula is a contrivance by which..the manual may be joined or coupled to the pedale. pedal-coupler n. Music = sense 1a(d). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > coupler pedal-coupler1834 coupler1840 copula1852 pedal-copula1852 polychord1858 octave coupler1868 sforzando coupler1876 tumbler-coupler1876 ram-coupler1881 coupling- 1834 in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 600 Manual and Pedal couplers. Radiating Pedal~board. 1954 Times 13 Apr. 9/5 Where..the pedal organ has a firm independent structure of its own, not only is the pedal coupler redundant; its use, besides being historically unsound, can be aesthetically downright bad. 1985 Music 2 Feb. 36/1 (advt.) 1880's Practice Organ, recently renovated..; pedal-couplers. pedal craft n. a pedal boat; (also) pedal boats collectively. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > mechanically propelled vessels > [noun] > propelled by treadles > collectively pedal craft1946 1946 Times 15 May 1/7 (advt.) Cycling on Water. Twin-float pedal craft, patent rights for sale. 1957 G. Bellairs Death in High Provence ix. 105 Families..sporting on the beaches, little pedal-craft skimming across the water. 1999 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 11 Apr. 38 Having sampled the pedal craft and kayaks on the boating lake, they soon moved on to the World of Water swimming pool. † pedal dismount n. Obsolete a dismount from a bicycle executed by swinging one leg around the back of the bicycle, while the other remains on one of the pedals. ΚΠ 1898 H. Graves et al. Cycling 6 The pedal dismount..is effected by waiting till the left pedal is at its lowest and throwing the right leg over the saddle and back wheel. pedal entry n. Music (in organ music) a point where a theme or figure is introduced on the pedal stops; also in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > music on specific instrument > [noun] > keyboard music > on organ voluntary1712 organ music1834 organry1850 pedal entry1914 1914 Times 25 June 10/5 The first tenors cut like a knife: the second basses march like one of Bach's pedal entries. 1932 W. H. Auden Orators i. 30 The bowel tremors at the pedal-entry. 2001 Amer. Rec. Guide (Nexis) 1 July 236 The 32' stops are on too much; the most unfortunate instance is the pedal entry in the exposition of the little G-minor Fugue of Bach. pedal guitar n. Music = pedal steel guitar n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > guitar or lute type > [noun] > guitar > pedal steel guitar pedal guitar1861 pedal steel1965 pedal steel guitar1965 1861 Times 8 Apr. 12/3 Herr Decker-Schenk is a guitarist as well as a director, and his fantasia on the so-called pedal-guitar is a favourable example of his proficiency. 1970 A. Bellow Illustr. Hist. Guitar vii. 154 An even more unusual guitar, known as a ‘pedal guitar’, was constructed by Eduard Bayer. 2002 Denver Westword (Nexis) 14 Nov. Hall envisioned the Hangovers as a five-piece, Bakersfield-style hard-country band, complete with pedal guitar. pedal keyboard n. Music = pedalboard n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > pedalboard pedalboard1834 pedal keyboard1897 1897 New Eng. Mag. Dec. 494/1 The pedal keyboard was only an octave and a half in compass. 1989 E. M. Ripin et al. Early Keyboard Instruments App. 239 Pedal keyboards were sometimes provided for the harpsichord and clavichord and operated an independent instrument underneath the main one. pedal organ n. Music that part of an organ which is played from the pedalboard. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > partial organ > specific choir organ1606 chair-organ1636 swelling organ1712 swell1822 pedal organ1829 great1833 solo organ1843 récit1851 1829 in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 599 Pedal Organ... Double Pedal Pipes. 1898 J. Stainer Stainer & Barrett's Dict. Musical Terms (rev. ed.) 337/2 A complete organ may be said to consist of five parts: choir organ, great organ, swell organ, solo organ, and pedal organ. 1988 Organbuilder May 3/2 The Pedal organ..was reduced to two stops, a subbass and a half-length Posaune. pedal piano n. Music a piano fitted with a pedalboard like that of an organ. ΚΠ 1819 Times 16 Sept. 4/4 A fine toned pedal piano. 2003 Washington Post (Nexis) 24 Feb. c5 The program included masterpieces languishing in the relatively obscure two-piano repertoire, most particularly Robert Schumann's Six Pieces in canon for pedal piano, Op. 56. pedal pipe n. Music each of a (usually separate) set of bass pipes in an organ, played with the pedals; usually in plural. ΚΠ 1817 Times 14 Jan. 1/3 A very superior organ..with pedal pipes and double diapason, altra. 1875 Johnson's New Univ. Cycl. 1134/1 Hence the terms pedal-pipes, pedal-keys, pedal-stops, and the pedal-part in music for the organ. 2000 Birmingham (Alabama) News (Nexis) 25 Feb. The entire case is flanked by two towers of tall pedal pipes. pedal point n. Music a long, sustained note held while movement continues in other parts of a piece; also figurative; cf. sense 7a. [With quot. 1814 compare German Orgelpunkt (see organ point n. at organ n.¹ Compounds 2).] ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > [noun] > movement of parts > sustained note holding-note1776 point d'orgue?1779 pedal note1786 pedal point1814 pedal1854 organ point1865 sustention1883 sustain1951 1814 European Mag. & London Rev. Mar. 232/1 The 9 bars of base on a pedal point (to use a term of German science) towards the conclusion of page 7 [of the score]. 1852 J. Hullah Gram. Mus. Harmony xxvii. 71 From a very obvious and effective mode of using these (foot) keys has arisen the term pedal point, by which is understood a note maintained during several successive changes of chords, or passages of melody. 1945 ‘S. Marchbanks’ in Peterborough (Ont.) Examiner 18 July 4/3 Both books are of enduring worth, and both have a constant, unifying note—a pedal-point, so to speak—of aristocracy which gives them curious distinction in our age. 1977 New Yorker 16 May 139/1 Hindemith's Requiem opens with a slow instrumental prelude, a four-note tolling ostinato over a pedal point. 2002 Time Out N.Y. 9 May 147/1 Short musical ideas are repeated over harmonic pedal-points, changing and evolving frequently enough to avoid a feeling of stasis. pedal power n. (a) the power generated by pedalling; (b) (the use or advocacy of) bicycling as a means of transport. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > cycling > [noun] > practice or advocacy of bicyclism1870 wheel1880 pedal power1944 1944 Times 15 June 7/6 ‘Ankling’ is the experts' way of pedalling that gives you more ‘pedal power’ for the same amount of energy. 1974 Times 5 Mar. (Europa Suppl.) p. vi/1 In the United States the bicycle is in full boom to such an extent that humorists talk of pedal power. 1994 CompuServe Mag. Mar. 49/1 Since..there are more than 55 million adults who ride a bike at least once a week, ‘pedal power’ has the potential to become a viable means of alternative transportation for a lot more people. pedal pusher n. (a) a cyclist; (b) originally U.S. (in plural) short trousers worn by girls or women, reaching just below the knee and suitable for wearing when cycling. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > cycling > [noun] > cyclist bicycler1869 bicyclist1869 cycler1876 cyclist1877 pedaller1881 wheelman1881 biker1883 wheeler1886 pedal pusher1912 push-cyclist1912 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for legs > clothing for legs and lower body > [adjective] > trousers > types of un-codpieced1580 canioned1607 braceless1859 bell-bottom1882 broad-beamed1883 kneed1887 bell-bottomed1891 fall-front1899 stagged1902 pegged1905 pedal pusher1912 pipestem1915 drainpipe1930 chino1943 anti-g1945 low-rise1948 cuffless1957 low-riding1958 hip-hugging1968 plus twos1977 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for legs > clothing for legs and lower body > [noun] > trousers > types of > (suitable) for specific purpose > for cycling pedal pusher1912 pedaller1945 1912 Bulletin (Sydney) 15 Aug. 16/4 He bases his arguments for its [sc. the war-bike's] abounding uselessness on his experience..with a pedal-pusher corps. 1944 Life 28 Aug. 65/2 When college girls took to riding bicycles in slacks, they first rolled up one trouser leg, then rolled up both. This..has now produced a trim variety of long shorts, called ‘pedal pushers’. 1953 Power & Pedal 21 (caption) Why be a pedal pusher? 1998 N.Y. Times 3 Mar. a19/2 Cropped pants–whether capris, pedal pushers or toreadors–are back in force for spring. pedal radio n. = pedal wireless n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radio set > two-way > types of pedal set1926 pedal radio1930 pedal wireless1932 walkie-talkie1939 handy-talkie1942 TBS1944 1930 A.I.M. Frontier News (Sydney) Aug. 3 (caption) A ‘Woman of the West’, busy at her work of shattering isolation with the aid of an A.I.M. ‘Pedal’ Radio Transmitter. 1959 Manch. Guardian 5 Aug. 5/4 All the aeroplane, the pedal-radio..and, latterly, the road-train have done to break down the isolation of life in inland central Australia. 2001 J. Robinson Voices of Queensland iii. 88 Pedal radio, also called pedal wireless and pedal transceiver. A small radio transmitter with a generator powered by a foot pedal [etc.]. pedal set n. (a) the set of foot-operated control pedals in a motor vehicle; (b) = pedal wireless n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radio set > two-way > types of pedal set1926 pedal radio1930 pedal wireless1932 walkie-talkie1939 handy-talkie1942 TBS1944 1926 Times 19 May 22/1 The clutch and gears behaved well, and so did the brakes, although the near-side rear one of the pedal set did more than its share. 1939 J. W. Collings 8000 Miles by Air 3 That evening, Dr Vickers had arranged for me to address the pedal set outposts. 1949 H. M. Madeley Austral. xxxiv. 138 These pedal sets are in mining camps, in lonely houses, in police stations, in nursing homes. 2003 Autoweek (Nexis) 10 Nov. 23 Inside is an aluminum pedal set, footrest, gear lever and set of sill plates for $2,246. pedal steel n. Music = pedal steel guitar n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > guitar or lute type > [noun] > guitar > pedal steel guitar pedal guitar1861 pedal steel1965 pedal steel guitar1965 1965 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 78 252 The instrument [sc. dobro guitar] had been common in the hillbilly music of the 1930's and, in its electrified (pedal steel) form, in the later country-western music. 1977 Zigzag Mar. 30/1 This coupled with Mike Utley's delicate piano and Al Perkins' unobtrusive pedal steel makes the track one of the standout cuts on the first side. 1994 New Yorker 10 Oct. 18/1 He was worshipped for performing feats of derring-do and for incorporating electric sitar, pedal steel and other erotica in Yes's phantasmagorical palette. pedal steel guitar n. Music an electric guitar fixed on a stand and connected to pedals by which the tension of the strings can be altered to produce glissando effects. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > guitar or lute type > [noun] > guitar > pedal steel guitar pedal guitar1861 pedal steel1965 pedal steel guitar1965 1965 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 78 253 No account of influential bluegrass musicians can fail to mention..Sonny Osborne, whose banjo playing has increasingly used elements of pedal-steel guitar from country-western music. 1992 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. 25 July g1/3 On Sundays, Columbia University's cloistered campus is so quiet that visitors swear they can sometimes hear..the plaintive whine of a pedal steel guitar. pedal wireless n. a small radio transceiver, with a generator powered by a foot-pedal, providing a means of communication in the Australian outback. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radio set > two-way > types of pedal set1926 pedal radio1930 pedal wireless1932 walkie-talkie1939 handy-talkie1942 TBS1944 1932 A.I.M. Frontier News Mar. 35 The installation of a pedal wireless set at the Wimmera Home. 1976 J. H. Travers Bull Dust on Brigalow 34 By the use of the pedal wireless..everybody knew of our whereabouts. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pedaln.² Brit. /ˈpɛdl/, U.S. /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian pedale. Etymology: < Italian pedale base of the trunk or stem of a plant (see pedal n.¹). The lower and thicker part of a kind of straw grown in Italy for weaving and plaiting; a plait made from this straw, usually having five or seven strands. Frequently attributive, esp. in pedal straw. ΚΠ 1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 593/2 The straw of Tuscany, specially grown for plaiting, is distinguished into three qualities,—..from the third quality, Santa Fioro, only ‘Tuscan pedals’ and braids are plaited. 1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 894 Fine pedal ‘Homburg’... Fine pedal straw. 1930 Times 13 Mar. 11/6 Fine pedal straw has returned, and is seen in a brimmed hat..,with the new sweeping line. 1962 A. Southern Millinery ii. 30 The fancy band straws and pedal come into this [sc. real Italian straws] group, the latter being dyed into fashion shades. 1996 Independent (Nexis) 11 May 5 Stitched straw hat in Italian charcoal pedal straw with shantung silk daisy by Lucy Barlow. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pedaladj. Brit. /ˈpɛdl/, /ˈpiːdl/, U.S. /ˈpid(ə)l/, /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ Forms: 1600s pedall, 1600s– pedal. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pedālis. Etymology: < classical Latin pedālis of the size or dimension of a foot < ped- , pēs foot (see -ped comb. form) + -ālis -al suffix¹. N.E.D. (1904) gives the following note: ‘the pronunciation (pīdăl) /ˈpiːdəl/ is restricted to sense 1.’ 1. Of or relating to a foot or feet. Now chiefly Anatomy and Zoology. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > extremities > foot > [adjective] footeda1387 pedal1625 pedate1816 pedigerous1826 pedalian1830 podalic1839 the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [adjective] > of parts of molluscs > of other parts of pedal1625 sinistral1803 lingual1826 byssiferous1835 pallial1836 metapodal1853 byssal1854 boreal1856 branchio-parietal1856 odontophorous1870 odontophoral1877 branchio-pallial1880 lentigerous1883 osphradial1883 pleurecbolic1883 pleurembolic1883 byssogenous1886 ctenidial1888 metapodial1890 pseudofaecal1953 1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. vi. 150 The Nadir directly vnder our foote, and therefore may be called the Pedall point. 1791 J. Edwin Eccentricities 284 He did not find himself entirely the master of his pedal appendages. 1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod ii. ii. 71 Places appropriated to pedal races. 1866 R. Tate Plain & Easy Acct. Mollusks Great Brit. ii. 18 The pedal muscles retract the foot. 1885 Amer. Naturalist 19 509 The leaping spiders possess a well-developed pedal adhesive apparatus. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xv. 402 The cerebral, pedal, and pleuro-visceral ganglia [of Cephalopods] are close together in the head. 1979 C. James Flying Visits (1984) 91 Ladies were not allowed to wear open-toed shoes, lest their writhing partners..flatten a pedal digit. 2002 Practitioner (Nexis) 6 June 416 Patients typically present with features of congestive cardiac failure, such as pedal oedema. †2. Of the length of a foot. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Pedal, of a foot, measure or space. 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words (at cited word) Pedal, containing a foot in measure. 3. Geometry. Relating to the foot of a perpendicular or group of perpendiculars; spec. of, relating to, or designating the pedal (pedal n.¹ 8) of a curve, surface, or figure.Recorded earliest in pedal curve n. at Compounds and pedal surface n. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > curve > [adjective] > of or relating to locus inceptive1706 pedal1862 strophoid1880 strophoidal1908 1862 G. Salmon Treat. Analytic Geom. 3 Dimensions xiii. 370 Pedal curves and surfaces have been studied in particular by Mr. W. Roberts,..M. Tortolini, and by Mr. Hirst. 1873 B. Williamson Elem. Treat. Differential Calculus (ed. 2) §184 The tangent at any point on the pedal locus. 1935 A. H. G. Palmer & K. S. Snell Mechanics viii. 164 To obtain the pedal equation, we rewrite (1) and (2) in the forms—(1) mvp = mau; (2) ¹/ ₂mv² − ¹/ ₂mu² = − ^3mu²/ _a(r− a). 1991 D. Wells Penguin Dict. Curious & Interesting Geom. 14 The only closed path of one circuit [for a billiard ball bouncing around inside an acute-angled triangle] is the pedal triangle, which joins the feet of the altitudes. Compounds pedal bone n. the coffin bone in a horse's foot. ΚΠ 1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 178/1 A powerful tendon..passes down over the..phalanges, to be inserted mainly into the upper edge of the anterior surface of the last phalanx or pedal bone. 1920 F. T. Barton Horse xiii. 107 Two tendons pass down the back of the foot,..the former being attached to the lower surface of the pedal-bone. 1997 Your Horse Nov. 20/2 My Welsh Cob Blue Boy suffered severe laminitis in April '95 when his pedal bone dropped and rotated. pedal curve n. Geometry a curve that is the pedal of a given curve. ΚΠ 1862Pedal curve [see sense 3]. 1921 Amer. Math. Monthly 28 94 (note) The four-leaved clover is the pedal curve of the so-called four-cusped hypocycloid or astroid. 1983 Amer. Math. Monthly 90 524 It is a pleasant exercise to verify that the projection of CV(H) is the pedal curve of C relative to (0,0). pedal line n. Geometry the straight line passing through the feet of the perpendiculars on the (produced) sides of a triangle drawn from a point on the circumscribed circle. ΚΠ 1866 W. H. Besant (title) Note on the envelope of the pedal line of a triangle. 1976 K. Satyanarayana (title) Poristic theory, pedal lines, Kantor lines, Kantor points and allied topics. † pedal origin n. Geometry Obsolete the fixed point from which perpendiculars are drawn to the tangents to a curve or surface, the locus of their intersections being the pedal of the curve or surface; the origin or pole of a pedal. ΚΠ 1862 Proc. Royal Soc. 12 247 The term ‘pedal surface’..indicates, simply, the locus of the feet of perpendiculars let fall from a fixed point, the pedal origin. 1887 Ann. Math. 3 123 It may be shown..that the curve is the pedal of the evolute of the ellipse, the centre being the pedal origin. pedal surface n. Geometry a surface that is the pedal of a given surface. ΚΠ 1862Pedal surface [see pedal origin n.]. 1954 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 226 352 The wave surface..is the first negative pedal surface of the velocity surface. 1985 Jrnl. Geom. 24 131 The pedal surface of M relative to O..is the locus of the foot of the perpendicular from O to the tangent plane to M. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). pedalv. Brit. /ˈpɛdl/, U.S. /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ Inflections: Present participle pedalling, (chiefly U.S.) pedaling; past tense and past participle pedalled, (chiefly U.S.) pedaled; Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pedal n.¹ Etymology: < pedal n.¹ Compare French pédaler (1885). 1. a. intransitive. To push the pedals of a bicycle or similar vehicle in a circular motion with one's feet, so as to propel oneself forward. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > cycling > cycle [verb (intransitive)] > pedal pedal1883 treadle1891 ankle1893 1883 Knowledge 5 Oct. 213/1 So soon as driving forward becomes harder work than you like you have only to pedal backwards to gain power. 1924 J. Galsworthy White Monkey ii. xi. 208 ‘Well,’ said Michael, ‘I think we shall pedal through yet.’ 1977 Daily Express 29 Jan. 35/2 Derek Underwood pedalling slowly backwards before clutching it in his hands to send Gavaskar miserably away to an accompaniment of boos and jeers from the 40,000 crowd. 1991 A. Campbell Sidewinder i. 9 I had pedalled frantically on my bike in an effort to escape. b. transitive. To propel (a bicycle, etc.) by pushing pedals with the feet; (also) to convey by pedalling. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > cycling > cycle [verb (transitive)] > pedal pedal1892 society > travel > transport > cycling > cycle [verb (reflexive)] > pedal pedal1892 1892 Harper's Weekly 9 July 667/3 To do what?.. Pedal a bicycle or swing a tennis racket? 1896 Queen 25 Jan. 169/2 If young ladies are to be allowed to pedal themselves about in..London, then it will certainly be necessary to provide..some proper escort. 1955 G. Greene Quiet Amer. iv. ii. 243 I found a trishaw and was pedalled home. 1973 D. May Laughter in Djakarta viii. 132 A betjak came along the street, pedalled by a very young smooth-faced boy. 2. intransitive. To use the pedals of an organ, piano, or other keyboard instrument. Also transitive: to use the pedals of (an instrument); to use the pedals in playing (a passage of music). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing keyboard instrument > play keyboard instrument [verb (intransitive)] > use pedals pedal1889 society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing keyboard instrument > play keyboard instrument [verb (transitive)] > use pedals pedal1922 1889 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) Pedal, to work a pedal; use the pedals, as of a piano, organ, bicycle, etc. 1922 S. Grew Art of Player-piano iv. 23 We correct the first condition..by ceasing to pedal for a moment or two. 1938 F. C. Rauser tr. C. Leimer & W. Gieseking Rhythmics vii. 48 All of Beethoven's Sonatas can be properly pedalled by means of the time-tread. 1978 Gramophone July 231/1 The ending of ‘Ende vom Lied’..is deeply impressive—I only wish he had not pedalled. 2000 Guelph (Ont., Canada) Mercury (Nexis) 16 Mar. a8 While my cousin Jean pedalled the old upright pump organ, Moses and Nellie Marsden would wail out The Old Rugged Cross. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1611n.²1887adj.1625v.1883
随便看	give the right hand give the right hand of fellowship give the rinky-dink give the rinkydink give the road give the rough edge of one's tongue give the route give the runaround give the rush give the sack give the screaming habdabs give the seed furrow give the seed furrow to give the sele of the day give the shirt off one's back give the shits give the shoot give the show away give the sick give the silent treatment give the slip gnaw at gnaw away gnaw in two gnaw into

pedaln.1

Compounds

pedaln.2

pedaladj.

Compounds

pedalv.

pedaln.¹

pedaln.²