perfumen.

Brit.

/ˈpəːfjuːm/, U.S.

/ˈpərˌfjum/,

/ˌpərˈfjum/

Forms: 1500s parfume, 1500s– perfume; Scottish pre-1700 parfume, pre-1700 perfwme, 1700s– perfume.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French parfum, perfum.

Etymology: < Middle French, French parfum, †perfum natural or artificial pleasant odour (1528), (emanating) odour in general (1546) < parfumer perfume v. Compare Old Occitan, Occitan perfum (1397), Catalan perfum (1399 or earlier), Spanish perfume (1471 or earlier; earlier as †perfum (1380–5 or earlier), †perfumo (1396 or earlier)), Portuguese perfume (1552), Italian perfumo (a1468, now regional (northern); also as profumo (1461–83); both earliest in sense 2; not paralleled in senses 1b and 1c until 19th cent.). Compare perfume v.Originally, like the verb, stressed perˈfume: so in 18th-cent. dictionaries and in Webster 1828; usually in 17th- and 18th-cent. poets, and frequently in 19th-cent. ones; but Shakespeare has ˈperfume 7 times against 3, and Walker 1791 considered the stress fixed on per-; on the other hand Todd, 1818, held it was ‘sometimes though rarely so stressed’; but during the 19th cent. this became the predominating prose usage.

†a. The (esp. pleasant-smelling) vapour or fumes given off by the burning of a substance; such fumes inhaled as a medical treatment or used to fumigate a house, room, etc. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Suffitio, & suffitus, a perfume or fumigacyon.

1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) iv. ii. f. 79^v If I lacked storax, I toke for a parfume the ryndes of olde rosemary and burned them, and held my mouth ouer the fume closunge myne eyes.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. ix. f. 43 Animæ album, whose perfume is of most excellent effect to heale the reumes.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xii. 20 The parfume of the dryed leaues layde vpon quicke coles..helpeth suche as are troubled with the shortnesse of winde.

b. The fragrance or odour emitted by any (usually pleasant-smelling) substance or thing; a fragrance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant smell

savouringc1390

scent?1473

balm1483

redolencec1530

spice1560

perfumea1593

redolency1610

soot1620

fragor1638

suaveolence1657

fragrance1667

incense1667

nosegay1700

aroma1814

musk1855

petrichor1964

a1593 C. Marlowe Massacre at Paris (c1600) sig. A6^v Me thinkes the gloues haue a very strong perfume.

1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets civ. sig. G2^v Three Aprill perfumes in three hot Iunes burn'd.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 158 Gentle gales Fanning thir odoriferous wings dispense Native perfumes .

1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 206 St. Antony's remains is said continually to emit a most fragrant perfume, which is chiefly smelt at a crevice behind the altar.

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 43 The wild rose, eglantine and broom, Wafted around their rich perfume.

1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xlv. 435 Mr. Vholes, whose black dye was so deep from head to foot that it had quite steamed before the fire, diffusing a very unpleasant perfume.

1942 E. Langley Pea Pickers vii. 85 The orange blossoms blowing clear and sharp near the stone steps hurt my heart with the wildness of their perfume.

1991 Wine & Spirits June 59/1 Elegantly, sharply defined vouvray with beeswax and a hint of spice rounding off a generous perfume.

c. figurative. An odour, savour, air, or suggestion (of something).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > [noun]

nameeOE

talec1175

fame?c1225

lose1297

creancec1330

stevenc1374

opinionc1384

credencec1390

recorda1393

renowna1400

reputationc1400

reportc1425

regardc1440

esteema1450

noisea1470

reapport1514

estimation1530

savour1535

existimationa1538

countenancea1568

credit1576

standing1579

stair1590

perfumec1595

estimate1597

pass1601

reportage1612

vibration1666

suffrage1667

rep1677

face1834

odour1835

rap1966

c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme l. 62 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 49 My deerest worship I In sweete perfume of offred praise doe place.

1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 140 Perkin, for a perfume before him as he went, caused to be published a proclamation.

1722 J. Essex Young Ladies Conduct vii. 61 It is the Virgin Rose-bud, that leaves behind it a grateful Perfume of Praise and Honour.

1822 C. Lamb in London Mag. July 25/1 The sweetest names, and which carry a perfume in the mention, are Kit Marlowe, Drayton [etc.].

1852 A. Jameson Legends Monastic Orders (ed. 2) 209 She..shed over the whole district the perfume of her sanctity.

a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) II. xx. 439 Where in the civilized world..is there an odor from reputation..whose edge is not taken off by the strong, sweet, hypnotic perfume of money?

1991 H. Brodkey Runaway Soul 581 The singular quality of her courage gives off a whiff of perfume, a whirr as of a sunny day.

2. Originally: a substance which emits a pleasant smell when burned; incense. Later usually: a fragrant liquid, usually consisting of aromatic ingredients (natural or synthetic) in a base of alcohol, used to impart a pleasant smell to the body, clothes, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume

pimentc1300

odoramentc1384

savouringc1384

odoura1425

aromatica1513

smella1533

fume1541

perfume1542

sweet-water?1543

scent1596

pomander1600

sweets1603

bisse1608

sweet-ball1617

plash1649

suffition1656

essence1661

odoratea1682

otto1822

aroma1830

nosegay1855

foo-foo1880

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > incense

rechelseOE

storc1000

incensec1290

censea1382

guma1382

olibanuma1398

thus1398

frankincensea1400

frank14..

thurec1425

mascle thure?1440

olibanc1440

smoke1530

perfume1542

masculine frankincense1555

tacamahac1577

cayolac1588

masculine gum1604

candle1628

pastille1630

Spanish coal1631

incense-frank1633

thymiama1697

censery1823

punk1844

joss-stick1845

god-stick1874

1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xl. sig. N.iii^v A lytell of some perfume to stande in the mydle of the chamber.

1560 Bible (Geneva) Exod. xxx. 35 Thou shalt make of them perfume composed [1611 a perfume, a confection; R.V. incense, a perfume] after the arte of the apotecary.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 376 Aspalathus: a white thornie shrub..beareth a floure resembling a rose. The root of it is in request for the making of sweet perfumes.

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. viii. 53 Perfumes..fill the ayre, that we can putt our nose in no part of the roome, where a perfume is burned, but we shall smell it.

1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 1 Apr. (1965) I. 343 Little Arches to set pots of perfume or baskets of Flowers.

1776 S. Ward Mod. Syst. Nat. Hist. XI. 43 They are often known to take the part of this animal which contains the musk, and wear it as a perfume about their persons.

1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 69 Perfumes which are generally burnt in these performances.

1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. viii. 201 Patchouli acts more feebly on radiant heat than any other perfume yet examined.

1935 C. Isherwood Mr. Norris changes Trains xv. 254 Arthur gave her three flasks of perfume.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VII. 872/3 Industrial perfumes are employed to cover up undesirable odours, as in paints and cleaning materials.

2003 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 26 Nov. 97 A blind perfume ‘tasting’ with a whole lot of experts and dozens of bottles of very expensive perfume.

Compounds

perfume atomizer n.

ΚΠ

1890 Harper's Mag. Apr. 700/2 A ‘dewing machine’.., blowing a fine spray, on the principle of the perfume atomizer, is sometimes used to moisten the cloth.

1942 E. Paul Narrow Street xxviii. 254 He began to throw Jeanne's toilet articles at her, perfume atomizer, box of powder, lipstick, mirror.

1997 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 1143/1 Plants were sprayed daily..using a perfume atomizer.

perfume bottle n.

ΚΠ

1853 E. F. Ellet Summer Rambles in West 81 Some of the braves have..perfume bottles tied to the ends of their braided locks.

1967 ‘V. Siller’ Biltmore Call 124 Her make-up and perfume bottles and jars were still on a kidney-shaped vanity.

2003 Times Union (Albany, N.Y.) (Nexis) 21 May d1 Faux diamonds were scattered about the tabletop and place cards were tied to perfume bottles.

perfume burner n.

ΚΠ

1844 E. A. Poe Let. 4 June in Columbia Spy 8 June Berlin iron and ‘artistique’ candle-sticks, taper-stands, perfume-burners, et cetera, et cetera.

1960 Connoisseur's Handbk. of Antique Collecting Perfume-burner, pierced baluster-form metal vase on scroll feet of late 17th cent. date. Rare.

2000 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 24 Dec. 21 Its 600 rooms were crammed with Aubusson carpets and Axminster rugs..Japanese perfume burners and Chinese cabinets.

† perfume-distilling adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1837 W. H. Ainsworth Crichton I. 298 By the faint light of the two perfume-distilling lamps.

perfume farm n.

ΚΠ

1874 Scribner's Monthly Feb. 511/1 The value of perfume farms may be estimated from the fact that one acre of jasmine has produced over one thousand dollars.

1923 W. E. Griffis Story of Walloons xviii. 278 Huguenot names as plentiful as violets on the perfume farms of sunny France.

2002 Washington Post (Nexis) 13 June h6 The lavender garden evokes the sensory overload of the perfume farms of Provence.

perfume industry n.

ΚΠ

1892 Times 27 Sept. 6/4 (advt.) A natural history of the raw materials and drugs used in the Perfume Industry.

1908 Westm. Gaz. 23 Mar. 5/1 The perfume industry of India will become one of the most important in the world.

1992 C. Wildwood Aromatherapy Massage with Essent. Oils (BNC) 4 Volatile solvent extraction is employed a great deal in the perfume industry.

perfume-laden adj.

ΚΠ

a1832 R. C. Sands Writings (1835) II. 383 Thou snow-white altar..with no dull and smoky incense smear'd, But such as perfume-laden Zephyr flung.

1927 A. R. Williams Russ. Land xi. 292 A perfume-laden breeze blowing from the honeysuckle bastion.

1995 Spectator 28 Jan. 30/2 In Wilmslow.., he finds himself sinking without trace among the perfume-laden, hair-glossed wives.

perfume oil n.

ΚΠ

1773 J. R. Forster Jrnl. 19 Aug. in ‘Resolution’ Jrnl. (1982) II. 328 They..gave..me..a gourd with perfume oil.

1872 tr. L. Figuier Veg. World (new ed.) 435 To obtain the spirituous essence or tincture,..this pomade is macerated in spirit of wine, which dissolves from it the greater portion of its perfume oil.

1927 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 47 134 A tree with..very fragrant flowers, from which are distilled..ylang-ylang, a valuable perfume oil.

2004 Women's Wear Daily (Nexis) 23 July 6 Zomnir's decision to enter the fragrance category by creating perfume oils rather than a fragrance spray came from her desire to formulate a scent she could wear herself.

perfume pot n.

ΚΠ

1743 W. Guthrie tr. ‘Monsieur de Blainville’ Trav. II. xlvi. 443 The Musicians, and the Perfume Pot Bearers.

1837 B. D. Walsh tr. Aristophanes Acharnians iv. vi, in Comedies 102 Hold out your perfume-pot!

1929 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 49 39 The perfume pots have the same mouth, neck and handles as a round aryballos.

2001 Atlanta Jrnl. & Constit. (Nexis) 4 May q8 Statues of Pharaohs and gods, protective amulets, perfume pots and jewelry.

perfume spray n.

ΚΠ

1898 Illustr. London News 22 Jan. 126 (advt.) These concentrated perfume sprays give a delightful refreshing coolness.

1933 Times 18 Feb. 7/1 There is a new perfume spray, working on a vacuum instead of a pressure principle.

1996 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 17 Oct. 18/1 Some variant on a perfume spray or gardener's Flit-gun.

perfume-sprayed adj.

ΚΠ

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 502 As they are now, so will you be, wigged, singed, perfumesprayed, ricepowdered, with smoothshaven armpits.

1998 P. McCabe Breakfast on Pluto (1999) viii. 23 A perfume-sprayed vision called Mitzi Gaynor.

perfume-yielding adj.

ΚΠ

1889 Science 21 June 481/2 The culture of perfume-yielding plants and flowers.

1908 Westm. Gaz. 23 Mar. 5/1 India possesses hundreds of perfume-yielding plants.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

perfumev.

Brit.

/ˈpəːfjuːm/,

/pəˈfjuːm/, U.S.

/ˌpərˈfjum/,

/ˈpərˌfjum/

Forms: 1500s parfume, 1500s–1600s prefume, 1500s– perfume, 1700s pirfume (irregular).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French parfumer.

Etymology: < Middle French parfumer, perfumer (French parfumer , †perfumer ) to fumigate (c1272 in Old French in medical context as parfumer , translating classical Latin fūmigāre (see fumigate v.) in a text showing Italian influence; subsequently from 1418; now obsolete in this sense), to impregnate with a pleasant odour or perfume (1528 in gands parfumez gloves scented with perfume) < classical Latin per (see per prep.) + fūmāre to smoke, lit. ‘to perfuse with smoke’ (see fume v.). Compare Occitan perfumar to impregnate with a pleasant odour or perfume (early 16th cent.), to pass (an object) through smoke (16th cent.), Catalan perfumar to impregnate with a pleasant odour or perfume (c1384 or earlier), to fumigate (1388), Spanish perfumar (late 14th cent. or earlier), Portuguese perfumar (1527 in past participle †prefumada), Italian perfumare (15th cent., now regional (northern)), profumare (1508). Compare also (with different prefix) Old French porfumer, pourfumer to fumigate (c1256), to impregnate with a pleasant odour or perfume (c1300).

†a. transitive. To fill or impregnate with the smoke or vapour of a burning substance for the purpose of disinfecting, treating, etc.; to fumigate. Also occasionally intransitive with passive meaning. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > disinfecting > disinfect [verb (transitive)] > fumigate

smokec1000

smeekOE

besmokea1398

fumec1400

suffounge1490

perfume1538

fumifya1704

fumigate1781

stove1805

pastille1846

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Suffio.., to perfume.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccix^v They fayne that she dyed of the plage, and perfume the house with the graines of Iuniper.

1582 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti Compend. Rationall Secretes i. xvii. 18 Then parfume hym with Cinaber fiue or sixe mornynges.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 350 Take a wreath of Pease-straw or wet hay, and putting fire thereunto, hold it vnder the horsses nose, so as the smoke may ascend vp into his head, then being thus perfumed [etc.].

1722 London Gaz. No. 6031/1 The Houses were disinfecting or perfuming.

1814 H. L. Stanhope Let. 12 Mar. in I. Bruce Nun of Lebanon (1951) xix. 253 Letters..must be taken in vinegar & perfumed.

b. transitive. To fill or impregnate with the smoke or vapour of incense or another substance emitting a pleasant odour. In later use passing into sense 2.

ΚΠ

1546 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 1st Pt. f. 72^v They are..lyghted, processyoned, censed, smoked, perfumed, and worshypped.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. xi. f. 162 They perfume their temples with frankensence.

a1633 G. Herbert Priest to Temple (1652) xiii. 57 He takes order..that the Church be..strawed, and stuck with boughs, and perfumed with incense.

1658 W. Johnson tr. F. Würtz Surgeons Guid ii. xviii. 126 Sometimes I perfumed these warm clothes with Frankincense.

1729 B. Franklin in Amer. Weekly Mercury 25 Feb. The finishing Part of your Entertainment..is, Perfuming the Beards of the Company... This Smoak is held under every one's Chin [etc.].

1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xvi. 542 The numerous spectators, crowned with garlands, perfumed with incense.

1885 R. F. Burton tr. Arabian Nights' Entertainm. I. xx. 201 The slaves perfumed the guests with incense.

1908 E. M. Forster Room with View vi. 102 The drivers..were sprawling in the carriages, perfuming the cushions with cigars.

†c. transitive. To cause to emit pungent vapour in burning; to use as a fumigating agent. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > disinfecting > disinfect [verb (transitive)] > fumigate > use as fumigant

perfume1560

1560 tr. Albertus Magnus' Bk. Secretes sig. J^v The houfe of an Horse perfumed [L. suffumigatus] in a house, dryueth awaye myse.

1589 J. Rider Bibliotheca Scholastica 1771 A precious stone which beeing perfumed, calleth out all beastes. Lipatis.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 254 Perfume the shauings of the same, mingled with oile.

2. transitive. To impregnate with a (usually pleasant) odour; to impart a (sweet) smell to; to apply perfume to. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > impart perfume [verb (transitive)]

embalm1447

aromatize1480

fumea1483

incense?1504

fumigate1530

perfume1539

suffume1540

scent1567

aromatizate1576

sweetena1586

suffumigate1599

frot1608

inodorate1623

suffite1657

essencificate1658

essence1675

essencify1707

balmify1733

odoriferize1824

fragrance1854

reperfume1885

smeech1897

1539 King Edward vi in Lit. Remains (1857) I. p. xxviii Rayment..brought of newe to and for his grace's bodye..shalbe purely brusshed, made clene, ayred at the fyer, and perfumed throughly.

1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 50 My Daysie-flower, which erst perfum'd the ayre.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) i. ii. 150 Take your paper too, And let me haue them verie wel perfum'd; For she is sweeter then perfume it selfe.

1661 R. Boyle Some Consider. Style of Script. (1675) 199 David and his princes..perfum'd that vast offering..with this acknowledgment to God.

1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 10 Mar. (1965) I. 383 She is perfum'd and dress'd in the most magnificent and becoming Manner.

1777 H. L. Piozzi Diary 28 May in K. C. Balderston Thraliana (1942) I. 26 Honeysuckle..profuse of its Fragrance and pirfuming the Air all around.

1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan 77 Here were ‘sweatmeats,’..there, a prodigious pumpkin, ‘right out o' the oven, by faith;’ perfuming the whole house.

1857 T. B. Gunn Physiol. N.Y. Boarding-houses xxxi. 278 She is a large, oleaginous, black-haired, hook-nosed woman, who..perfumes a room with the odor of fried fish.

1935 J. Steinbeck Tortilla Flat xii. 213 The old and sweet incense perfumed the church.

1993 Sat. Night Feb. 46/1 He helped compose love letters to my Filipina girlfriend, translating his Tagalog endearments into the most florid English, the phrases perfumed with an Iberian bravado.

2003 Daily Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 25 Dec. 13 The smell of new-mown grass mingled with the scent of frangipani, perfuming the air.

†3. intransitive. To be emitted like incense or perfume. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > emit fragrance [verb (intransitive)]

perfume1546

transpire1648

1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil Abridgem. Notable Worke i. v. 12 Howe Iupiter and the other goddes..repared thyther to feele the fragrant odours that perfumed from the sacrifices.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	perfume
释义	perfumen. Brit. /ˈpəːfjuːm/, U.S. /ˈpərˌfjum/, /ˌpərˈfjum/ Forms: 1500s parfume, 1500s– perfume; Scottish pre-1700 parfume, pre-1700 perfwme, 1700s– perfume. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French parfum, perfum. Etymology: < Middle French, French parfum, †perfum natural or artificial pleasant odour (1528), (emanating) odour in general (1546) < parfumer perfume v. Compare Old Occitan, Occitan perfum (1397), Catalan perfum (1399 or earlier), Spanish perfume (1471 or earlier; earlier as †perfum (1380–5 or earlier), †perfumo (1396 or earlier)), Portuguese perfume (1552), Italian perfumo (a1468, now regional (northern); also as profumo (1461–83); both earliest in sense 2; not paralleled in senses 1b and 1c until 19th cent.). Compare perfume v.Originally, like the verb, stressed perˈfume: so in 18th-cent. dictionaries and in Webster 1828; usually in 17th- and 18th-cent. poets, and frequently in 19th-cent. ones; but Shakespeare has ˈperfume 7 times against 3, and Walker 1791 considered the stress fixed on per-; on the other hand Todd, 1818, held it was ‘sometimes though rarely so stressed’; but during the 19th cent. this became the predominating prose usage. 1. †a. The (esp. pleasant-smelling) vapour or fumes given off by the burning of a substance; such fumes inhaled as a medical treatment or used to fumigate a house, room, etc. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Suffitio, & suffitus, a perfume or fumigacyon. 1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) iv. ii. f. 79^v If I lacked storax, I toke for a parfume the ryndes of olde rosemary and burned them, and held my mouth ouer the fume closunge myne eyes. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. ix. f. 43 Animæ album, whose perfume is of most excellent effect to heale the reumes. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xii. 20 The parfume of the dryed leaues layde vpon quicke coles..helpeth suche as are troubled with the shortnesse of winde. b. The fragrance or odour emitted by any (usually pleasant-smelling) substance or thing; a fragrance. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant smell savouringc1390 scent?1473 balm1483 redolencec1530 spice1560 perfumea1593 redolency1610 soot1620 fragor1638 suaveolence1657 fragrance1667 incense1667 nosegay1700 aroma1814 musk1855 petrichor1964 a1593 C. Marlowe Massacre at Paris (c1600) sig. A6^v Me thinkes the gloues haue a very strong perfume. 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets civ. sig. G2^v Three Aprill perfumes in three hot Iunes burn'd. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 158 Gentle gales Fanning thir odoriferous wings dispense Native perfumes . View more context for this quotation 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 206 St. Antony's remains is said continually to emit a most fragrant perfume, which is chiefly smelt at a crevice behind the altar. 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 43 The wild rose, eglantine and broom, Wafted around their rich perfume. 1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xlv. 435 Mr. Vholes, whose black dye was so deep from head to foot that it had quite steamed before the fire, diffusing a very unpleasant perfume. 1942 E. Langley Pea Pickers vii. 85 The orange blossoms blowing clear and sharp near the stone steps hurt my heart with the wildness of their perfume. 1991 Wine & Spirits June 59/1 Elegantly, sharply defined vouvray with beeswax and a hint of spice rounding off a generous perfume. c. figurative. An odour, savour, air, or suggestion (of something). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > [noun] nameeOE talec1175 fame?c1225 lose1297 creancec1330 stevenc1374 opinionc1384 credencec1390 recorda1393 renowna1400 reputationc1400 reportc1425 regardc1440 esteema1450 noisea1470 reapport1514 estimation1530 savour1535 existimationa1538 countenancea1568 credit1576 standing1579 stair1590 perfumec1595 estimate1597 pass1601 reportage1612 vibration1666 suffrage1667 rep1677 face1834 odour1835 rap1966 c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme l. 62 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 49 My deerest worship I In sweete perfume of offred praise doe place. 1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 140 Perkin, for a perfume before him as he went, caused to be published a proclamation. 1722 J. Essex Young Ladies Conduct vii. 61 It is the Virgin Rose-bud, that leaves behind it a grateful Perfume of Praise and Honour. 1822 C. Lamb in London Mag. July 25/1 The sweetest names, and which carry a perfume in the mention, are Kit Marlowe, Drayton [etc.]. 1852 A. Jameson Legends Monastic Orders (ed. 2) 209 She..shed over the whole district the perfume of her sanctity. a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) II. xx. 439 Where in the civilized world..is there an odor from reputation..whose edge is not taken off by the strong, sweet, hypnotic perfume of money? 1991 H. Brodkey Runaway Soul 581 The singular quality of her courage gives off a whiff of perfume, a whirr as of a sunny day. 2. Originally: a substance which emits a pleasant smell when burned; incense. Later usually: a fragrant liquid, usually consisting of aromatic ingredients (natural or synthetic) in a base of alcohol, used to impart a pleasant smell to the body, clothes, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume pimentc1300 odoramentc1384 savouringc1384 odoura1425 aromatica1513 smella1533 fume1541 perfume1542 sweet-water?1543 scent1596 pomander1600 sweets1603 bisse1608 sweet-ball1617 plash1649 suffition1656 essence1661 odoratea1682 otto1822 aroma1830 nosegay1855 foo-foo1880 the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > incense rechelseOE storc1000 incensec1290 censea1382 guma1382 olibanuma1398 thus1398 frankincensea1400 frank14.. thurec1425 mascle thure?1440 olibanc1440 smoke1530 perfume1542 masculine frankincense1555 tacamahac1577 cayolac1588 masculine gum1604 candle1628 pastille1630 Spanish coal1631 incense-frank1633 thymiama1697 censery1823 punk1844 joss-stick1845 god-stick1874 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xl. sig. N.iii^v A lytell of some perfume to stande in the mydle of the chamber. 1560 Bible (Geneva) Exod. xxx. 35 Thou shalt make of them perfume composed [1611 a perfume, a confection; R.V. incense, a perfume] after the arte of the apotecary. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 376 Aspalathus: a white thornie shrub..beareth a floure resembling a rose. The root of it is in request for the making of sweet perfumes. 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. viii. 53 Perfumes..fill the ayre, that we can putt our nose in no part of the roome, where a perfume is burned, but we shall smell it. 1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 1 Apr. (1965) I. 343 Little Arches to set pots of perfume or baskets of Flowers. 1776 S. Ward Mod. Syst. Nat. Hist. XI. 43 They are often known to take the part of this animal which contains the musk, and wear it as a perfume about their persons. 1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 69 Perfumes which are generally burnt in these performances. 1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. viii. 201 Patchouli acts more feebly on radiant heat than any other perfume yet examined. 1935 C. Isherwood Mr. Norris changes Trains xv. 254 Arthur gave her three flasks of perfume. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VII. 872/3 Industrial perfumes are employed to cover up undesirable odours, as in paints and cleaning materials. 2003 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 26 Nov. 97 A blind perfume ‘tasting’ with a whole lot of experts and dozens of bottles of very expensive perfume. Compounds perfume atomizer n. ΚΠ 1890 Harper's Mag. Apr. 700/2 A ‘dewing machine’.., blowing a fine spray, on the principle of the perfume atomizer, is sometimes used to moisten the cloth. 1942 E. Paul Narrow Street xxviii. 254 He began to throw Jeanne's toilet articles at her, perfume atomizer, box of powder, lipstick, mirror. 1997 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 1143/1 Plants were sprayed daily..using a perfume atomizer. perfume bottle n. ΚΠ 1853 E. F. Ellet Summer Rambles in West 81 Some of the braves have..perfume bottles tied to the ends of their braided locks. 1967 ‘V. Siller’ Biltmore Call 124 Her make-up and perfume bottles and jars were still on a kidney-shaped vanity. 2003 Times Union (Albany, N.Y.) (Nexis) 21 May d1 Faux diamonds were scattered about the tabletop and place cards were tied to perfume bottles. perfume burner n. ΚΠ 1844 E. A. Poe Let. 4 June in Columbia Spy 8 June Berlin iron and ‘artistique’ candle-sticks, taper-stands, perfume-burners, et cetera, et cetera. 1960 Connoisseur's Handbk. of Antique Collecting Perfume-burner, pierced baluster-form metal vase on scroll feet of late 17th cent. date. Rare. 2000 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 24 Dec. 21 Its 600 rooms were crammed with Aubusson carpets and Axminster rugs..Japanese perfume burners and Chinese cabinets. † perfume-distilling adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1837 W. H. Ainsworth Crichton I. 298 By the faint light of the two perfume-distilling lamps. perfume farm n. ΚΠ 1874 Scribner's Monthly Feb. 511/1 The value of perfume farms may be estimated from the fact that one acre of jasmine has produced over one thousand dollars. 1923 W. E. Griffis Story of Walloons xviii. 278 Huguenot names as plentiful as violets on the perfume farms of sunny France. 2002 Washington Post (Nexis) 13 June h6 The lavender garden evokes the sensory overload of the perfume farms of Provence. perfume industry n. ΚΠ 1892 Times 27 Sept. 6/4 (advt.) A natural history of the raw materials and drugs used in the Perfume Industry. 1908 Westm. Gaz. 23 Mar. 5/1 The perfume industry of India will become one of the most important in the world. 1992 C. Wildwood Aromatherapy Massage with Essent. Oils (BNC) 4 Volatile solvent extraction is employed a great deal in the perfume industry. perfume-laden adj. ΚΠ a1832 R. C. Sands Writings (1835) II. 383 Thou snow-white altar..with no dull and smoky incense smear'd, But such as perfume-laden Zephyr flung. 1927 A. R. Williams Russ. Land xi. 292 A perfume-laden breeze blowing from the honeysuckle bastion. 1995 Spectator 28 Jan. 30/2 In Wilmslow.., he finds himself sinking without trace among the perfume-laden, hair-glossed wives. perfume oil n. ΚΠ 1773 J. R. Forster Jrnl. 19 Aug. in ‘Resolution’ Jrnl. (1982) II. 328 They..gave..me..a gourd with perfume oil. 1872 tr. L. Figuier Veg. World (new ed.) 435 To obtain the spirituous essence or tincture,..this pomade is macerated in spirit of wine, which dissolves from it the greater portion of its perfume oil. 1927 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 47 134 A tree with..very fragrant flowers, from which are distilled..ylang-ylang, a valuable perfume oil. 2004 Women's Wear Daily (Nexis) 23 July 6 Zomnir's decision to enter the fragrance category by creating perfume oils rather than a fragrance spray came from her desire to formulate a scent she could wear herself. perfume pot n. ΚΠ 1743 W. Guthrie tr. ‘Monsieur de Blainville’ Trav. II. xlvi. 443 The Musicians, and the Perfume Pot Bearers. 1837 B. D. Walsh tr. Aristophanes Acharnians iv. vi, in Comedies 102 Hold out your perfume-pot! 1929 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 49 39 The perfume pots have the same mouth, neck and handles as a round aryballos. 2001 Atlanta Jrnl. & Constit. (Nexis) 4 May q8 Statues of Pharaohs and gods, protective amulets, perfume pots and jewelry. perfume spray n. ΚΠ 1898 Illustr. London News 22 Jan. 126 (advt.) These concentrated perfume sprays give a delightful refreshing coolness. 1933 Times 18 Feb. 7/1 There is a new perfume spray, working on a vacuum instead of a pressure principle. 1996 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 17 Oct. 18/1 Some variant on a perfume spray or gardener's Flit-gun. perfume-sprayed adj. ΚΠ 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 502 As they are now, so will you be, wigged, singed, perfumesprayed, ricepowdered, with smoothshaven armpits. 1998 P. McCabe Breakfast on Pluto (1999) viii. 23 A perfume-sprayed vision called Mitzi Gaynor. perfume-yielding adj. ΚΠ 1889 Science 21 June 481/2 The culture of perfume-yielding plants and flowers. 1908 Westm. Gaz. 23 Mar. 5/1 India possesses hundreds of perfume-yielding plants. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). perfumev. Brit. /ˈpəːfjuːm/, /pəˈfjuːm/, U.S. /ˌpərˈfjum/, /ˈpərˌfjum/ Forms: 1500s parfume, 1500s–1600s prefume, 1500s– perfume, 1700s pirfume (irregular). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French parfumer. Etymology: < Middle French parfumer, perfumer (French parfumer , †perfumer ) to fumigate (c1272 in Old French in medical context as parfumer , translating classical Latin fūmigāre (see fumigate v.) in a text showing Italian influence; subsequently from 1418; now obsolete in this sense), to impregnate with a pleasant odour or perfume (1528 in gands parfumez gloves scented with perfume) < classical Latin per (see per prep.) + fūmāre to smoke, lit. ‘to perfuse with smoke’ (see fume v.). Compare Occitan perfumar to impregnate with a pleasant odour or perfume (early 16th cent.), to pass (an object) through smoke (16th cent.), Catalan perfumar to impregnate with a pleasant odour or perfume (c1384 or earlier), to fumigate (1388), Spanish perfumar (late 14th cent. or earlier), Portuguese perfumar (1527 in past participle †prefumada), Italian perfumare (15th cent., now regional (northern)), profumare (1508). Compare also (with different prefix) Old French porfumer, pourfumer to fumigate (c1256), to impregnate with a pleasant odour or perfume (c1300). 1. †a. transitive. To fill or impregnate with the smoke or vapour of a burning substance for the purpose of disinfecting, treating, etc.; to fumigate. Also occasionally intransitive with passive meaning. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > disinfecting > disinfect [verb (transitive)] > fumigate smokec1000 smeekOE besmokea1398 fumec1400 suffounge1490 perfume1538 fumifya1704 fumigate1781 stove1805 pastille1846 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Suffio.., to perfume. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccix^v They fayne that she dyed of the plage, and perfume the house with the graines of Iuniper. 1582 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti Compend. Rationall Secretes i. xvii. 18 Then parfume hym with Cinaber fiue or sixe mornynges. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 350 Take a wreath of Pease-straw or wet hay, and putting fire thereunto, hold it vnder the horsses nose, so as the smoke may ascend vp into his head, then being thus perfumed [etc.]. 1722 London Gaz. No. 6031/1 The Houses were disinfecting or perfuming. 1814 H. L. Stanhope Let. 12 Mar. in I. Bruce Nun of Lebanon (1951) xix. 253 Letters..must be taken in vinegar & perfumed. b. transitive. To fill or impregnate with the smoke or vapour of incense or another substance emitting a pleasant odour. In later use passing into sense 2. ΚΠ 1546 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 1st Pt. f. 72^v They are..lyghted, processyoned, censed, smoked, perfumed, and worshypped. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. xi. f. 162 They perfume their temples with frankensence. a1633 G. Herbert Priest to Temple (1652) xiii. 57 He takes order..that the Church be..strawed, and stuck with boughs, and perfumed with incense. 1658 W. Johnson tr. F. Würtz Surgeons Guid ii. xviii. 126 Sometimes I perfumed these warm clothes with Frankincense. 1729 B. Franklin in Amer. Weekly Mercury 25 Feb. The finishing Part of your Entertainment..is, Perfuming the Beards of the Company... This Smoak is held under every one's Chin [etc.]. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xvi. 542 The numerous spectators, crowned with garlands, perfumed with incense. 1885 R. F. Burton tr. Arabian Nights' Entertainm. I. xx. 201 The slaves perfumed the guests with incense. 1908 E. M. Forster Room with View vi. 102 The drivers..were sprawling in the carriages, perfuming the cushions with cigars. †c. transitive. To cause to emit pungent vapour in burning; to use as a fumigating agent. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > disinfecting > disinfect [verb (transitive)] > fumigate > use as fumigant perfume1560 1560 tr. Albertus Magnus' Bk. Secretes sig. J^v The houfe of an Horse perfumed [L. suffumigatus] in a house, dryueth awaye myse. 1589 J. Rider Bibliotheca Scholastica 1771 A precious stone which beeing perfumed, calleth out all beastes. Lipatis. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 254 Perfume the shauings of the same, mingled with oile. 2. transitive. To impregnate with a (usually pleasant) odour; to impart a (sweet) smell to; to apply perfume to. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > impart perfume [verb (transitive)] embalm1447 aromatize1480 fumea1483 incense?1504 fumigate1530 perfume1539 suffume1540 scent1567 aromatizate1576 sweetena1586 suffumigate1599 frot1608 inodorate1623 suffite1657 essencificate1658 essence1675 essencify1707 balmify1733 odoriferize1824 fragrance1854 reperfume1885 smeech1897 1539 King Edward vi in Lit. Remains (1857) I. p. xxviii Rayment..brought of newe to and for his grace's bodye..shalbe purely brusshed, made clene, ayred at the fyer, and perfumed throughly. 1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 50 My Daysie-flower, which erst perfum'd the ayre. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) i. ii. 150 Take your paper too, And let me haue them verie wel perfum'd; For she is sweeter then perfume it selfe. View more context for this quotation 1661 R. Boyle Some Consider. Style of Script. (1675) 199 David and his princes..perfum'd that vast offering..with this acknowledgment to God. 1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 10 Mar. (1965) I. 383 She is perfum'd and dress'd in the most magnificent and becoming Manner. 1777 H. L. Piozzi Diary 28 May in K. C. Balderston Thraliana (1942) I. 26 Honeysuckle..profuse of its Fragrance and pirfuming the Air all around. 1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan 77 Here were ‘sweatmeats,’..there, a prodigious pumpkin, ‘right out o' the oven, by faith;’ perfuming the whole house. 1857 T. B. Gunn Physiol. N.Y. Boarding-houses xxxi. 278 She is a large, oleaginous, black-haired, hook-nosed woman, who..perfumes a room with the odor of fried fish. 1935 J. Steinbeck Tortilla Flat xii. 213 The old and sweet incense perfumed the church. 1993 Sat. Night Feb. 46/1 He helped compose love letters to my Filipina girlfriend, translating his Tagalog endearments into the most florid English, the phrases perfumed with an Iberian bravado. 2003 Daily Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 25 Dec. 13 The smell of new-mown grass mingled with the scent of frangipani, perfuming the air. †3. intransitive. To be emitted like incense or perfume. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > emit fragrance [verb (intransitive)] perfume1546 transpire1648 1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil Abridgem. Notable Worke i. v. 12 Howe Iupiter and the other goddes..repared thyther to feele the fragrant odours that perfumed from the sacrifices. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1538v.1538
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