acceleratorn.

Brit.

/əkˈsɛləreɪtə/,

/akˈsɛləreɪtə/, U.S.

/əkˈsɛləˌreɪdər/,

/ækˈsɛləˌreɪdər/

Forms: 1600s accelerater, 1600s– accelerator.

Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by derivation; perhaps modelled on a French lexical item. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: accelerate v., -er suffix¹; Latin accelerator.

Etymology: Originally < accelerate v. + -er suffix¹, perhaps after French accélérateur (1611 in Cotgrave as noun and (denoting a type of muscle) adjective). Subsequently < post-classical Latin accelerator person who makes haste (1552 or earlier), type of muscle (1618 or earlier) < classical Latin accelerāt- , past participial stem of accelerāre accelerate v. + -or -or suffix. Compare Spanish acelerador (1548).

1. gen. A person who or thing which accelerates something (in speed, rate, amount, or extent, or in time).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > [noun] > increasing rate of movement or progress > one who or that which

accelerator1611

accelerant1863

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Avanceur: a forwarder, aduancer, hastener, accelerater.

1793 J. Scott in J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. VIII. viii. 114 Though their operation may be slow, yet it will not, on that account, be..the less to be dreaded in its tendency and consequences, as an accelerator of national weakness and decline.

1830 Brit. Mag. 1 306 It is undoubtedly often the case, that the ignorant or negligent practitioner was..the cause or the accelerator of death.

1841 H. Smith Moneyed Man III. xi. 325 Steam..that stupendous power which has since become the great accelerator of mind and matter.

1871 R. H. Elliot Experiences of Planter in Jungles of Mysore I. vi. 241 If we assume that a pure faith will in turn become a cause, or even an accelerator, of progress, [etc.].

1908 System Feb. 137/1 Distributors in every line find the traction roads creators and accelerators of business.

1920 H. W. Laidler Socialism in Thought & Action ii. xii. 375 The Independents finally came around to a compromise position, favoring the calling of the assembly, as an accelerator of peace.

1958 Times Rev. Industry Mar. 9/1 It is possible to start a chain reaction (or ‘accelerator’) of deflation which can move rapidly into depression.

1967 R. S. Lopez in R. S. Hoyt Life & Thought in Early Middle Ages 43 A city is at once a keeper of traditions and an accelerator of change.

2009 P. C. Brinckerhoff Mission-based Managem. (ed. 3) viii. 124 I want tech to be an accelerator of a great mission—yours.

2. Anatomy, Zoology, and Physiology. Originally: a muscle that accelerates a physiological process; (in early use) spec. the bulbospongiosus, a muscle of the penis that aids the emptying of the urethra (now rare). In later use also: a nerve, nerve fibre, or substance that causes the heart rate to increase. Frequently attributive, as accelerator fibre, accelerator muscle, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > types of muscles > [noun]

sphincter1578

raiser1588

in-muscle?1609

oblique1612

abducens1615

abductor1615

adductor1615

antagonist1615

bender1615

depressor1615

extender1615

flexor1615

levator1615

quadratus1615

rectus1615

retractor1615

sphincter-muscle1615

accelerator1638

bicepsa1641

elevator1646

adducent1649

lifter1649

rotator1657

flector1666

contractor1682

dilater1683

orbicularis palpebrarum1694

transverse muscle1696

tensor muscle1704

biventer1706

extensor1713

attollent1728

constrictor1741

dilator1741

risibles1785

orbicularis oculi1797

obliquus1799

erector1828

extensor-muscle1830

compressor1836

trans-muscle1836

antagonizer1844

motor1846

evertor1848

inflector1851

protractor1853

prime mover1860

orbicular1872

transversalis1872

invertor1875

skeletal muscle1877

dilatator1878

occlusor muscle1878

sphincter1879

pilomotor1892

agonist1896

1638 A. Read Man. Anat. Body of Man (new ed.) i. xxiv. 226 As the first muscle is termed erector, so this is called accelerator, or hastener.

1657 N. Culpeper & W. Rand tr. J. Riolan Sure Guide v. xxxvii. 233 The Accelerator [L. Accelerator] takes his Rise not only from the sphincter of the Anus or Fundament, but also from the internal Tuberosity of the Ischium or Huckle-bone.

1754 J. Nevill Descr. Venereal Gonorrhoea v. 37 The erector Muscles can be but slightly, or impartially affected in that Symptom, and happy for us they are not, for their Power, superior to Resistance of the Accelerators, must encrease the Compression, and incline the Penis to a Straightness.

1841 Lancet 25 Sept. 927/1 Remarking on the frequency with which bougies are tightly embraced by strictures of the urethra anterior to the accelerator muscle, Mr. Wade says [etc.].

1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 115 The accelerators of the heart..are of course paralyzed by spinal section.

1918 Gray's Anat. (ed. 20) 935 The accelerator fibres of the heart leave mainly through the second and third thoracic nerves and pass to the stellate ganglion.

1962 Jrnl. Insect Physiol. 8 431 Another accelerator, soluble in saline solutions, was found in all neural structures examined.

2000 Jrnl. Exper. Biol. 203 2833/1 Denervation of the accelerator muscle in C[hamaeleo] jacksonii inhibited tongue projection completely.

2009 Jrnl. Cardiothoracic & Vascular Anesthesia 23 763/1 Bradycardia may occur as a result of blockade of the cardiac sympathetic accelerator fibers (T1-T6), particularly when catheters are placed in the high thoracic region.

3. A vehicle intended to accelerate travel. Now historical.

a. An early form of bicycle: = dandy-horse n. (also called draisine, hobby, hobby-horse, velocipede).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > by feet pushing on ground

draisine1818

velocipede1818

accelerator1819

dandy-horse1819

hobby1819

hobby-horse1819

1819 European Mag. Mar. 245 (heading) New inventions. The patent accelerator; or, walking expedition.

1915 S. Dunbar Hist. Trav. Amer. II. xix. 348 (caption) The first form of the bicycle... It was variously called the Velocipede, Accelerator, Draisena, Hobby Horse and Dandy Carriage.

2001 J. Wosk Women & Machine (2003) iv. 89 The standard draisine, also known as a hobby horse, or ‘hobby’, and called an ‘accelerator’ in Britain, had two wooden wheels that were propelled by the rider, who straddled the high backbone and walked forward.

b. A light vehicle used to transport deliverers of mail (see quot. 1873).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > [noun] > small or light

accelerator1861

midget1897

jigger1904

1861 G. M. Musgrave By-roads in Picardy 124 Our red-coated postmen drop out of the accelerators.

1873 Notes & Queries 4th Ser. 11 114/1 In the course of the morning four vehicles were stationed at the back of the Post Office, built after the manner of the omnibus, a new oblong vis-à-vis stage-coach, built on a plan lately imported from Paris. In these, which the Post Office name Accelerators, the letter-carriers having to deliver letters at the west and north-western parts of the metropolis, took their seats about half-past eight o'clock.

1902 H. C. Moore Omnibuses & Cabs i. ii. 20 Each accelerator carried twelve or thirteen letter-carriers, who were put down at various points to begin their delivery.

a. Photography. A substance used to speed up development or (less commonly) exposure.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > chemicals > [noun] > others

accelerator1843

nitroglucose1852

restrainer1865

medium1867

intensifier1883

stop bath1898

opaque1908

bleacher1911

coupler1938

wash1953

1843 Eclectic Mag. Oct. 285/2 Thus, by adding to bromine, employed as an accelerator, essential oils, naphtha, alcohol, &c., they have succeeded in obtaining pictures in two seconds.

1898 Barnet Bk. Photogr. 24 The alkali sets the reducer in action and is called the accelerator.

1932 A. C. Hardy & F. H. Perrin Princ. Optics xi. 223 The developer usually contains four components: a reducing agent, an accelerator, a preservative, and a restrainer.

2000 S. G. Anchell Darkroom Cookbook (ed. 2) iv. 43 Increasing the amount of accelerator in a developer will increase the contrast.

b. Chemistry. A substance used to increase the rate of a chemical reaction or process.Accelerators are often used in polymerization reactions or to promote the vulcanization of rubber.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > processes or substances affecting reactions > catalysis > catalyst

accelerator1864

catalysator1893

catalysor1901

catalyst1902

catalyser1904

1864 E. L. Youmans Class-bk. Chem. (new ed.) vii. 217 Charcoal..is an accelerator of decomposition.

1908 Proc. Chem. Soc. 24 132 (title) Acids as accelerators in the acetylation of amino-groups.

1912 H. E. Potts Chem. Rubber Industry 91 Calcined magnesia is useful..as an accelerator of vulcanization, particularly for resinous rubbers.

1943 R. S. Morrell et al. Synthetic Resins (ed. 2) iv. 180 Reduction in curing time of urea-formaldehyde moulding powders can be obtained by using ‘latent’ accelerators.

1956 Gloss. Terms Concrete (B.S.I.) 5 Accelerators, additives which, when added to concrete during mixing, will appreciably quicken setting and/or hardening.

2009 J. Struthers Red Sky at Night 91 Some gardeners swear by accelerators that speed up the process of decomposition.

5. A device, usually a foot pedal, for controlling the speed of a motor vehicle's engine. Cf. accelerator pedal n. at Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > speed control apparatus

accelerator1900

gas pedal1914

cruise control1949

1900 W. W. Beaumont Motor Vehicles viii. 147 The other governor control is known as the accelerator.

1923 H. G. Wells Men like Gods i. 15 Mr Barnstaple's accelerator went down and he came round the corner a good ten miles per hour faster than his usual cautious practice.

1980 ‘D. Rutherford’ Turbo viii. 107 I gently depressed the accelerator. The turbocharger came in with its characteristic whine.

2005 J. M. Coetzee Slow Man iii. 21 He could put his foot down flat on the accelerator, wind down the window and feel the wind on his face.

6. Particle Physics. An apparatus for imparting kinetic energy to subatomic particles by means of electric or electromagnetic fields, typically accelerating the particles to relativistic speeds. More fully particle accelerator.The accelerated particles are typically made to collide with other particles for the purposes of research or for the generation of high-energy X-rays and gamma rays.Specific examples include the linear accelerator, the cyclotron, and the synchrotron.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle accelerator > [noun]

accelerator1914

atom smasher1930

particle accelerator1945

1914 Science 27 Nov. 772/1 The acceleration is such as to allow only negative ions to get through the accelerator into the electric and magnetic deflecting fields beyond.

1934 Physical Rev. 45 608/1 Water-cooling of the accelerators and the bombarded targets will result in considerably larger utilizable currents.

1958 Engineering 7 Feb. 174/3 The accelerator provides a..source of high-energy electrons.

1982 New Scientist 7 Oct. 18/1 Particle physicists use accelerators to produce high-energy projectiles, particles moving close to the speed of light.

2008 Guardian (Nexis) 30 June 6 While the expectation is that the LHC will be the dominant accelerator for the next few decades, it will not be the end of the road.

Compounds

accelerator board n. Computing = accelerator card n.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > electronic component, circuitry > expansion board

memory board1955

sound card1971

expansion board1978

accelerator board1981

accelerator card1982

expansion card1982

1981 Datamation Sept. 69/1 Inside the mysterious black box, which is about the size of a small house safe, is a database accelerator board, an 1.0 processor board, [etc.].

1992 MacWorld June 2/2 How do you get a faster Mac without buying a new one? Get an accelerator board.

2008 Broadcast Engin. (Nexis) Sept. 38 Multiple dual-core processors, graphics accelerator boards and I/O cards.

accelerator card n. Computing an expansion board which speeds up a computer, typically by allowing a particular type of operation to be performed more quickly; esp. one allowing three-dimensional graphics to be rendered faster than by a CPU alone.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > electronic component, circuitry > expansion board

memory board1955

sound card1971

expansion board1978

accelerator board1981

accelerator card1982

expansion card1982

1982 Electronics 6 Oct. 116/2 One additional slot at the top was reserved for the optional floating-point accelerator card.

1990 CIO May 57 (advt.) Apple's new graphics accelerator card features a total of 13 innovations. But one glance at a Macintosh screen tells you all you need to know. It's incredibly fast.

2009 Record (Bergen County, New Jersey) (Nexis) 20 Feb. i. 10 I am not a ‘gamer’ and don't require powerful accelerator cards that render 3D graphics at blazing speed.

accelerator mass spectrometry n. Physics mass spectrometry in which a particle accelerator is used for separating different isotopes, typically used in the carbon dating of small samples; abbreviated AMS.This technique is suitable for the carbon dating of small samples as it allows the number of atoms of different isotopes of carbon to be counted directly, instead of their ratio having to be inferred from the (very low) level of radioactivity of the sample.

ΚΠ

1980 Nature 10 July 138/2 (title) Determination of ¹²⁹I using tandem accelerator mass spectrometry.

1991 Amer. Antiq. 56 514 We report here a fresh dating of the Cuello sequence, for the first time using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on the organic..fraction of human bone.

2009 M. Macklin & J. Woodward in J. Woodward Physical Geogr. Mediterranean xi. 321/1 The development of accelerator mass spectrometry has revolutionized the dating of terminal Pleistocene and Holocene age fluvial deposits.

accelerator pedal n. a motor-vehicle accelerator in the form of a foot pedal; cf. sense 5.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > pedals

accelerator pedal1902

pedal1902

brake-pedal1903

gas pedal1914

1902 S. F. Edge & C. Jarrott in A. C. Harmsworth et al. Motors & Motor-driving (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) xv. 322 Instead of pressing down this brake, which would at once stop the vehicle, he may hurriedly press down the accelerator pedal.

1957 Life 10 June 114 (advt.) Nudge the accelerator pedal and see what happens!

1999 BBC Top Gear Mag. June 35/3 The accelerator pedal is like a magic wand that makes traffic in the rear view mirror disappear in an instant.

accelerator valve n. now rare (a) a valve used to speed up the reduction of pressure in the air brake of a train; (b) a valve used to add additional fuel to an engine, so increasing its speed.

ΚΠ

1896 U.S. Patent 555,196 5/2 A gradual reduction of pressure in the train-pipe is followed by a gradual outflow of air from the reservoir through said restricted duct without affecting the accelerator-valve.

1901 Motor-Car World Oct. 272/1 A by-pass throttle or ‘accelerator’ valve, by opening which a full charge of mixture can be admitted at any speed of the engine.

1914 Locomotive Firemen & Enginemen's Mag. Feb. 202/1 The accelerator valve was designed to assist the brake valve in discharging brake-pipe pressure.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	accelerator
释义	acceleratorn. Brit. /əkˈsɛləreɪtə/, /akˈsɛləreɪtə/, U.S. /əkˈsɛləˌreɪdər/, /ækˈsɛləˌreɪdər/ Forms: 1600s accelerater, 1600s– accelerator. Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by derivation; perhaps modelled on a French lexical item. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: accelerate v., -er suffix¹; Latin accelerator. Etymology: Originally < accelerate v. + -er suffix¹, perhaps after French accélérateur (1611 in Cotgrave as noun and (denoting a type of muscle) adjective). Subsequently < post-classical Latin accelerator person who makes haste (1552 or earlier), type of muscle (1618 or earlier) < classical Latin accelerāt- , past participial stem of accelerāre accelerate v. + -or -or suffix. Compare Spanish acelerador (1548). 1. gen. A person who or thing which accelerates something (in speed, rate, amount, or extent, or in time). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > [noun] > increasing rate of movement or progress > one who or that which accelerator1611 accelerant1863 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Avanceur: a forwarder, aduancer, hastener, accelerater. 1793 J. Scott in J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. VIII. viii. 114 Though their operation may be slow, yet it will not, on that account, be..the less to be dreaded in its tendency and consequences, as an accelerator of national weakness and decline. 1830 Brit. Mag. 1 306 It is undoubtedly often the case, that the ignorant or negligent practitioner was..the cause or the accelerator of death. 1841 H. Smith Moneyed Man III. xi. 325 Steam..that stupendous power which has since become the great accelerator of mind and matter. 1871 R. H. Elliot Experiences of Planter in Jungles of Mysore I. vi. 241 If we assume that a pure faith will in turn become a cause, or even an accelerator, of progress, [etc.]. 1908 System Feb. 137/1 Distributors in every line find the traction roads creators and accelerators of business. 1920 H. W. Laidler Socialism in Thought & Action ii. xii. 375 The Independents finally came around to a compromise position, favoring the calling of the assembly, as an accelerator of peace. 1958 Times Rev. Industry Mar. 9/1 It is possible to start a chain reaction (or ‘accelerator’) of deflation which can move rapidly into depression. 1967 R. S. Lopez in R. S. Hoyt Life & Thought in Early Middle Ages 43 A city is at once a keeper of traditions and an accelerator of change. 2009 P. C. Brinckerhoff Mission-based Managem. (ed. 3) viii. 124 I want tech to be an accelerator of a great mission—yours. 2. Anatomy, Zoology, and Physiology. Originally: a muscle that accelerates a physiological process; (in early use) spec. the bulbospongiosus, a muscle of the penis that aids the emptying of the urethra (now rare). In later use also: a nerve, nerve fibre, or substance that causes the heart rate to increase. Frequently attributive, as accelerator fibre, accelerator muscle, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > types of muscles > [noun] sphincter1578 raiser1588 in-muscle?1609 oblique1612 abducens1615 abductor1615 adductor1615 antagonist1615 bender1615 depressor1615 extender1615 flexor1615 levator1615 quadratus1615 rectus1615 retractor1615 sphincter-muscle1615 accelerator1638 bicepsa1641 elevator1646 adducent1649 lifter1649 rotator1657 flector1666 contractor1682 dilater1683 orbicularis palpebrarum1694 transverse muscle1696 tensor muscle1704 biventer1706 extensor1713 attollent1728 constrictor1741 dilator1741 risibles1785 orbicularis oculi1797 obliquus1799 erector1828 extensor-muscle1830 compressor1836 trans-muscle1836 antagonizer1844 motor1846 evertor1848 inflector1851 protractor1853 prime mover1860 orbicular1872 transversalis1872 invertor1875 skeletal muscle1877 dilatator1878 occlusor muscle1878 sphincter1879 pilomotor1892 agonist1896 1638 A. Read Man. Anat. Body of Man (new ed.) i. xxiv. 226 As the first muscle is termed erector, so this is called accelerator, or hastener. 1657 N. Culpeper & W. Rand tr. J. Riolan Sure Guide v. xxxvii. 233 The Accelerator [L. Accelerator] takes his Rise not only from the sphincter of the Anus or Fundament, but also from the internal Tuberosity of the Ischium or Huckle-bone. 1754 J. Nevill Descr. Venereal Gonorrhoea v. 37 The erector Muscles can be but slightly, or impartially affected in that Symptom, and happy for us they are not, for their Power, superior to Resistance of the Accelerators, must encrease the Compression, and incline the Penis to a Straightness. 1841 Lancet 25 Sept. 927/1 Remarking on the frequency with which bougies are tightly embraced by strictures of the urethra anterior to the accelerator muscle, Mr. Wade says [etc.]. 1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 115 The accelerators of the heart..are of course paralyzed by spinal section. 1918 Gray's Anat. (ed. 20) 935 The accelerator fibres of the heart leave mainly through the second and third thoracic nerves and pass to the stellate ganglion. 1962 Jrnl. Insect Physiol. 8 431 Another accelerator, soluble in saline solutions, was found in all neural structures examined. 2000 Jrnl. Exper. Biol. 203 2833/1 Denervation of the accelerator muscle in C[hamaeleo] jacksonii inhibited tongue projection completely. 2009 Jrnl. Cardiothoracic & Vascular Anesthesia 23 763/1 Bradycardia may occur as a result of blockade of the cardiac sympathetic accelerator fibers (T1-T6), particularly when catheters are placed in the high thoracic region. 3. A vehicle intended to accelerate travel. Now historical. a. An early form of bicycle: = dandy-horse n. (also called draisine, hobby, hobby-horse, velocipede). ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > by feet pushing on ground draisine1818 velocipede1818 accelerator1819 dandy-horse1819 hobby1819 hobby-horse1819 1819 European Mag. Mar. 245 (heading) New inventions. The patent accelerator; or, walking expedition. 1915 S. Dunbar Hist. Trav. Amer. II. xix. 348 (caption) The first form of the bicycle... It was variously called the Velocipede, Accelerator, Draisena, Hobby Horse and Dandy Carriage. 2001 J. Wosk Women & Machine (2003) iv. 89 The standard draisine, also known as a hobby horse, or ‘hobby’, and called an ‘accelerator’ in Britain, had two wooden wheels that were propelled by the rider, who straddled the high backbone and walked forward. b. A light vehicle used to transport deliverers of mail (see quot. 1873). ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > [noun] > small or light accelerator1861 midget1897 jigger1904 1861 G. M. Musgrave By-roads in Picardy 124 Our red-coated postmen drop out of the accelerators. 1873 Notes & Queries 4th Ser. 11 114/1 In the course of the morning four vehicles were stationed at the back of the Post Office, built after the manner of the omnibus, a new oblong vis-à-vis stage-coach, built on a plan lately imported from Paris. In these, which the Post Office name Accelerators, the letter-carriers having to deliver letters at the west and north-western parts of the metropolis, took their seats about half-past eight o'clock. 1902 H. C. Moore Omnibuses & Cabs i. ii. 20 Each accelerator carried twelve or thirteen letter-carriers, who were put down at various points to begin their delivery. 4. a. Photography. A substance used to speed up development or (less commonly) exposure. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > chemicals > [noun] > others accelerator1843 nitroglucose1852 restrainer1865 medium1867 intensifier1883 stop bath1898 opaque1908 bleacher1911 coupler1938 wash1953 1843 Eclectic Mag. Oct. 285/2 Thus, by adding to bromine, employed as an accelerator, essential oils, naphtha, alcohol, &c., they have succeeded in obtaining pictures in two seconds. 1898 Barnet Bk. Photogr. 24 The alkali sets the reducer in action and is called the accelerator. 1932 A. C. Hardy & F. H. Perrin Princ. Optics xi. 223 The developer usually contains four components: a reducing agent, an accelerator, a preservative, and a restrainer. 2000 S. G. Anchell Darkroom Cookbook (ed. 2) iv. 43 Increasing the amount of accelerator in a developer will increase the contrast. b. Chemistry. A substance used to increase the rate of a chemical reaction or process.Accelerators are often used in polymerization reactions or to promote the vulcanization of rubber. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > processes or substances affecting reactions > catalysis > catalyst accelerator1864 catalysator1893 catalysor1901 catalyst1902 catalyser1904 1864 E. L. Youmans Class-bk. Chem. (new ed.) vii. 217 Charcoal..is an accelerator of decomposition. 1908 Proc. Chem. Soc. 24 132 (title) Acids as accelerators in the acetylation of amino-groups. 1912 H. E. Potts Chem. Rubber Industry 91 Calcined magnesia is useful..as an accelerator of vulcanization, particularly for resinous rubbers. 1943 R. S. Morrell et al. Synthetic Resins (ed. 2) iv. 180 Reduction in curing time of urea-formaldehyde moulding powders can be obtained by using ‘latent’ accelerators. 1956 Gloss. Terms Concrete (B.S.I.) 5 Accelerators, additives which, when added to concrete during mixing, will appreciably quicken setting and/or hardening. 2009 J. Struthers Red Sky at Night 91 Some gardeners swear by accelerators that speed up the process of decomposition. 5. A device, usually a foot pedal, for controlling the speed of a motor vehicle's engine. Cf. accelerator pedal n. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > speed control apparatus accelerator1900 gas pedal1914 cruise control1949 1900 W. W. Beaumont Motor Vehicles viii. 147 The other governor control is known as the accelerator. 1923 H. G. Wells Men like Gods i. 15 Mr Barnstaple's accelerator went down and he came round the corner a good ten miles per hour faster than his usual cautious practice. 1980 ‘D. Rutherford’ Turbo viii. 107 I gently depressed the accelerator. The turbocharger came in with its characteristic whine. 2005 J. M. Coetzee Slow Man iii. 21 He could put his foot down flat on the accelerator, wind down the window and feel the wind on his face. 6. Particle Physics. An apparatus for imparting kinetic energy to subatomic particles by means of electric or electromagnetic fields, typically accelerating the particles to relativistic speeds. More fully particle accelerator.The accelerated particles are typically made to collide with other particles for the purposes of research or for the generation of high-energy X-rays and gamma rays.Specific examples include the linear accelerator, the cyclotron, and the synchrotron. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle accelerator > [noun] accelerator1914 atom smasher1930 particle accelerator1945 1914 Science 27 Nov. 772/1 The acceleration is such as to allow only negative ions to get through the accelerator into the electric and magnetic deflecting fields beyond. 1934 Physical Rev. 45 608/1 Water-cooling of the accelerators and the bombarded targets will result in considerably larger utilizable currents. 1958 Engineering 7 Feb. 174/3 The accelerator provides a..source of high-energy electrons. 1982 New Scientist 7 Oct. 18/1 Particle physicists use accelerators to produce high-energy projectiles, particles moving close to the speed of light. 2008 Guardian (Nexis) 30 June 6 While the expectation is that the LHC will be the dominant accelerator for the next few decades, it will not be the end of the road. Compounds accelerator board n. Computing = accelerator card n. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > electronic component, circuitry > expansion board memory board1955 sound card1971 expansion board1978 accelerator board1981 accelerator card1982 expansion card1982 1981 Datamation Sept. 69/1 Inside the mysterious black box, which is about the size of a small house safe, is a database accelerator board, an 1.0 processor board, [etc.]. 1992 MacWorld June 2/2 How do you get a faster Mac without buying a new one? Get an accelerator board. 2008 Broadcast Engin. (Nexis) Sept. 38 Multiple dual-core processors, graphics accelerator boards and I/O cards. accelerator card n. Computing an expansion board which speeds up a computer, typically by allowing a particular type of operation to be performed more quickly; esp. one allowing three-dimensional graphics to be rendered faster than by a CPU alone. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > electronic component, circuitry > expansion board memory board1955 sound card1971 expansion board1978 accelerator board1981 accelerator card1982 expansion card1982 1982 Electronics 6 Oct. 116/2 One additional slot at the top was reserved for the optional floating-point accelerator card. 1990 CIO May 57 (advt.) Apple's new graphics accelerator card features a total of 13 innovations. But one glance at a Macintosh screen tells you all you need to know. It's incredibly fast. 2009 Record (Bergen County, New Jersey) (Nexis) 20 Feb. i. 10 I am not a ‘gamer’ and don't require powerful accelerator cards that render 3D graphics at blazing speed. accelerator mass spectrometry n. Physics mass spectrometry in which a particle accelerator is used for separating different isotopes, typically used in the carbon dating of small samples; abbreviated AMS.This technique is suitable for the carbon dating of small samples as it allows the number of atoms of different isotopes of carbon to be counted directly, instead of their ratio having to be inferred from the (very low) level of radioactivity of the sample. ΚΠ 1980 Nature 10 July 138/2 (title) Determination of ¹²⁹I using tandem accelerator mass spectrometry. 1991 Amer. Antiq. 56 514 We report here a fresh dating of the Cuello sequence, for the first time using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on the organic..fraction of human bone. 2009 M. Macklin & J. Woodward in J. Woodward Physical Geogr. Mediterranean xi. 321/1 The development of accelerator mass spectrometry has revolutionized the dating of terminal Pleistocene and Holocene age fluvial deposits. accelerator pedal n. a motor-vehicle accelerator in the form of a foot pedal; cf. sense 5. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > pedals accelerator pedal1902 pedal1902 brake-pedal1903 gas pedal1914 1902 S. F. Edge & C. Jarrott in A. C. Harmsworth et al. Motors & Motor-driving (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) xv. 322 Instead of pressing down this brake, which would at once stop the vehicle, he may hurriedly press down the accelerator pedal. 1957 Life 10 June 114 (advt.) Nudge the accelerator pedal and see what happens! 1999 BBC Top Gear Mag. June 35/3 The accelerator pedal is like a magic wand that makes traffic in the rear view mirror disappear in an instant. accelerator valve n. now rare (a) a valve used to speed up the reduction of pressure in the air brake of a train; (b) a valve used to add additional fuel to an engine, so increasing its speed. ΚΠ 1896 U.S. Patent 555,196 5/2 A gradual reduction of pressure in the train-pipe is followed by a gradual outflow of air from the reservoir through said restricted duct without affecting the accelerator-valve. 1901 Motor-Car World Oct. 272/1 A by-pass throttle or ‘accelerator’ valve, by opening which a full charge of mixture can be admitted at any speed of the engine. 1914 Locomotive Firemen & Enginemen's Mag. Feb. 202/1 The accelerator valve was designed to assist the brake valve in discharging brake-pipe pressure. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1611
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