† basten.¹

Forms: 1500s–1600s bast, 1500s–1600s 1800s baste.

Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: base n.¹

Etymology: Apparently an unexplained variant of base n.¹

Heraldry. Obsolete.

The lower part of a shield or escutcheon; = base n.¹ 5.In later use only in glossarial sources.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > escutcheon or shield > [noun] > base

baste1562

base1610

1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory f. 138 He beareth partie per bast barr erased, Argent, and Vert.

1586 J. Ferne Blazon of Gentrie 177 You haue seene in one coate..both a cheefe and a baste.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory i. viii. 84/2 Fern..terms the Pally to be Fretted with a Barrulett in Fesse, a Cheife and Baste.

1847 H. Gough Gloss. Terms Brit. Heraldry 49 Base, Base-bar, or Baste, a portion of the base of a shield, equal in width to a bar, parted off by a horizontal line. It is identical with the plain point.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

† basten.²

Forms: 1700s–1800s baste, 1800s bast.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: beast n.

Etymology: Variant of beast n. (compare sense 14b and etymological discussion at that entry), representing the early modern pronunciation of that word with /eɪ/. N.E.D. (1885) gives the pronunciation as (bēⁱst)

/beɪst/.

Cards. Obsolete.

(A name for) a penalty or forfeit in any of various card games, esp. ombre and quadrille; = beast n. 14.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > ombre and quadrille > [noun] > penalty

beasta1672

baste1719

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > other card games > [noun] > beast > penalty

beasta1672

baste1719

1719 R. Seymour Court Gamester 24 The Baste is made whenever he who undertakes the Game, that is to say the Hombre, does not win.

1814 C. Jones Hoyle's Games Improved (new ed.) 190 In all failures whether the player has a partner or not, he or they pay a Baste to the pool, equal to the number of fish they would have taken from it, had they proved successful.

1874 H. H. Gibbs Game of Ombre iii. 31 Quadrille-players call it a Baste or being Basted.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

bastev.¹

Brit.

/beɪst/, U.S.

/beɪst/

Forms: late Middle English– baste, 1500s baaste, 1500s baest, 1500s–1600s bast, 1800s–1900s baist.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French bastir.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French bastir (French bâtir ) to sew together loosely (a1105), (more usually, in extended use) to build (mid 12th cent.) < an unattested Frankish form (compare Old High German bestan to patch, Middle High German besten to lace, tie) < the Germanic base of bast n.¹Compare post-classical Latin bastire (11th cent.), Italian bastire to build, construct (14th cent.), and (showing the specific semantic development with reference to fabrics or garments) Spanish bastear to pad, to quilt, to fill (early 14th cent.), Italian imbastire to pad, to quilt (late 16th cent. or earlier). The semantic transition from sewing to building may be via the practice of construction using stakes with intertwined twigs, used in Western Europe in the Carolingian period, especially in the Occitan- and Catalan-speaking regions.

†1.

a. transitive. To sew or stitch together (fabric, a garment, etc.); spec. to fasten or catch together (two or more layers of fabric, etc.) by means of stitches, in order to keep the layers aligned. Cf. quilt v.¹ 2a. Obsolete except as merged in senses 2a and 3.In quot. 1545 in extended use with reference to layers of fat and skin in the human body.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > sew > sew together > quilt

bastea1425

quilt1555

flesh-baste1611

interbaste1611

interbastate1657

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 104 With a threde bastyng my sleu[i]s.

1545 T. Raynald in tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. sig. D.v^v As it were the lynyng to the forsayd Cutis..the very skyn and it beyng both bastyd together, by a great number of smal fybres.

1582 P. Levens Right Profitable Bk. All Disseases 91 Take the whole or part thereof, and spred it vpon lether, and couer it with silke, & baste it with thraed like a twilt, and so apply the plaister to the place so greued.

1622 J. Mabbe in tr. M. Alemán Rogue i. 19 (margin) A Colchone, is a kinde of Mattresse, quilted with Wooll, and basted with Thread, that the Wooll may not slide and grow into Knots.

b. transitive. To pad (a garment, etc.); to line or cover with padding. Cf. quilt v.¹ 1a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > tailor or make clothes [verb (transitive)] > stuff or pad

bombase1558

bombast1565

baste1577

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 158^v The doung of Hennes, syfted very fyne, be put in little bagges, basted about with soft feathers.

1597 A. Hartwell tr. D. Lopes Rep. Kingdome of Congo vii. 54 Certaine iackets that are stuffed and basted with bombast, and stitched and quilted very soundly.

1687 Chirurgorum Comes iii. xvii. 327/2 A Cap must be made of a soft Linnen-cloth, basted with fine Chirurgeons Tow, but not quilted.

a. transitive. To stitch (fabric, a seam, etc.) with loose or easily removable stitches, esp. in preparation for sewing; to sew together (the parts of a garment, etc.) in order to hold them in position temporarily; to tack.The usual word in North America; tack is now used more often in this sense in British English.

ΘΚΠ

baste1590

pad-stitch1924

1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. E This patch here placd, the which I bast: And sow so fast.

1762 S. Ingham tr. G. J. Duverney Dis. Bones i. iii. 54 The Sheet is basted on round the Hole.

?1798 J. Houghton Blossoms of Genius 88 Amelia R. I don't know how to keep the hem straight. Governess. Then I will baste it down for you.

1873 Arthur's Illustr. Home Mag. Nov. 730/2 Before I lay away a vest, I always baste down the collar just the shape I want it to stay—a few long stitches will suffice.

1920 Daily Mail 9 Feb. 11/4 Cut out the lining, basting this to the kid with a tacking thread, making the stitches close to the edge.

2014 D. B. O'Shea Famous Frocks 115 Machine baste the collar in place ½ in/12mm from the edge.

b. transitive. figurative and in extended use. To join or attach (something) loosely, roughly, or in a manner unlikely to remain fixed; to put (something) together roughly or clumsily.

ΘΚΠ

sewc725

stitch?c1225

preena1275

steek1502

to stitch up1590

baste1600

1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing i. i. 270 The body of your discourse is sometime guarded with fragments, and the guardes are but slightly basted on neither.

1700 W. Congreve Way of World v. i. 72 To become a botcher of second hand Marriages..! I'll couple you, Yes, I'll baste you together, you and your Philander.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality Concl., in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 339 You have..basted up your first story very hastily and clumsily.

2010 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 31 Dec. 40 My life is strung from flights from failure, and my person basted together from the leftovers of those mad dashes.

3. transitive. spec. (originally North American). To fasten together (the layers of a quilt) using long, easily removable stitches or by some other method, in order to hold them in position for quilting.

ΚΠ

1890 Rural Californian July 385/2 Baste the quilt in cross lines all over it two inches apart to hold it nicely.

1989 Quilting Today Dec. 25 The lines for quilting should be marked before the quilt is basted together with the batting and backing.

2018 Atlanta Jrnl.-Constit. (Nexis) 20 May 13 e Be sure to pin (or ‘baste’) your layers in place while you work.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

bastev.²

Brit.

/beɪst/, U.S.

/beɪst/

Forms: late Middle English 1600s baist, 1500s baast (past participle), 1500s baest, 1500s–1600s bast, 1500s– baste.

Origin: Of unknown origin.

Etymology: Origin unknown.An extended use of baste v.³ (with a supposed idea of ‘stroking’ the joint of meat) is unlikely on chronological grounds. Alternatively, an etymology (ultimately) < the Romance verbs cited at baste v.¹ has been suggested, but these are not attested in specific senses similar to those of the English verb. Perhaps compare also Middle French (northern) basser to soak, moisten (late 15th cent.; rare; French regional basser ), apparently a back-formation < bassiner to moisten (a thing) gently (end of the 14th cent.; < bassin basin n.). However, a derivation from that French verb would still leave the final t of the English verb unexplained, and it has recently been argued that the supposed instance of basser ‘to soak, moisten’ could be taken as an instance of the homonym basser to provide a foundation for (something)’.

a. transitive. To pour fat, cooking juices, or other liquid over (roasting meat, etc.) in order to prevent it from drying out during cooking and to improve the flavour; (also) to apply a soft or liquid substance to (an item of food), esp. liberally or repeatedly, so that it becomes thoroughly covered or impregnated. Also figurative and in figurative context.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook [verb (transitive)] > baste

enbenec1420

flambc1440

baste?a1475

bebaste1582

jipper1822

?a1475 Noble Bk. Cookry in Middle Eng. Dict. at Basten Kep the grece that fallithe to baist hym and kepe hym moist.

1598 tr. G. de Rosselli Epulario C^v Let it rost sokingly, basting it oft with the foresaid sauce.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. iii. 183 The proud Lord That basts his arrogance with his owne seame.

1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler 159 Let him [sc. a pike] be rosted very leisurely and often basted with Claret wine.

1736 Compl. Family-piece i. ii. 106 Tie your Lobsters to the Spit alive, baste them with Water and Salt.

1841 Punch 7 Aug. 39/1 Take a consummate puppy..baste with self-conceit—stuff with slang—season with maudlin sentiment.

1853 A. Soyer Pantropheon 163 Baste it with its own gravy.

1955 National Jewish Post 18 Nov. (Indiana ed.) 3/4 Baste the cake with this sauce while hot, spooning it on so that the cake absorbs it rapidly.

2018 Scottish Daily Mail (Nexis) 21 June Grill for 8-10 minutes, turning regularly and basting with leftover glaze until the chicken is cooked through.

b. transitive. In extended use: to cover or coat (a person or thing) with a substance, esp. liberally or repeatedly.In quot. 1570 glossing classical Latin linīre to smear, to anoint (see liniment n.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by topical applications > treat by topical applications [verb (transitive)] > salve or anoint

salvea800

smearc950

anointa1375

supplea1425

epithem1543

assalve1570

baste1570

taint1578

scarify1596

obviscate1684

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Ciii^v/2 Baste, linire.

1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xxi. 61 That I the wine should taste..and so my throte I baste.

1681 Phanatick in his Colours 1 Did you observe lately, how the Faction fretted it self..as if 't had been flead, and basted with Vinegar?

1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Fleas Put to your Water two Ounces of Stavesacre..and..baste your Dog therewith.

1762 T. Smollett Adventures Sir Launcelot Greaves II. xiii. 12 One of them had seized the poker, and basted him with his own blood.

1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xxiv. 297 Some white flour scones basted in butter.

1998 C. A. Duffy Standing Female Nude 60 A fat man orders his [steak] rare and a fine sweat bastes his face.

c. intransitive. Of food: to exude fat or juice during cooking; to cook slowly in this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > condition of being slightly wet > make slightly wet [verb (transitive)]

aliec1330

humidatec1540

bemoist1567

bemoisten1590

rigate1657

damp1671

deg1673

moistify1786

dampen1827

baste1897

1897 Pall Mall Gaz. 27 Feb. 2/3 Its cartoon represents the Sultan in a frying-pan, with the Great Powers holding the handle. The motto underneath is..Turkey basting in her own grease.

1912 Altoona (Pa.) Mirror 29 Nov. 16/4 A Thanksgiving turkey basting on the stove before her.

2012 Prince George (Brit. Columbia) Citizen (Nexis) 20 Dec. 1 The tantalizing smell of Christmas turkeys basting in the oven will soon permeate the air.

d. intransitive. figurative and in extended use. Chiefly of a person: to exude or be covered in a substance (esp. perspiration), as if basted; to sweat or swelter in heat.

ΚΠ

1962 San Antonio (Texas) Express 31 Aug. 4 a/5 Basting in your own perspiration, you are ready to raise your question with Eisenhower.

1985 Washington Post (Nexis) 8 Mar. (Weekend section) 52 Technically, you can say that you are burning fat 24 hours a day..while sleeping, eating..and even while basting in the sauna.

2004 Sydney Morning Herald (Weekend ed.) 31 July (Travel section) 5/2 I am overwhelmed and overheated, basting in a blend of sweat and petrol.

†2. transitive. Perhaps: to leave a mark on (a person or thing). Cf. buist v.² Obsolete. [In 19th-cent. glossaries of regional (northern) English, baste is also recorded as a variant of buist v.², but it is unlikely that this shows the present word.]

ΚΠ

1590 R. Greene Mourning Garment 2 The prime of his yeares was in the flowre, and youth sate and basted him Calendes in his forehead.

†3. transitive. Candle-making. To pour molten wax over (a wick, etc.) to form a candle. Cf. basting n.² 2. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1848 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson tr. F. Knapp Chem. Technol. I. 132 The wicks, instead of being dipped into the wax, are basted with it.

1890 Brit. Trade Jrnl. Jan. 26/2 The first batch of candles is afterwards again basted with wax until the candles are about half the proper thickness.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

bastev.³

Brit.

/beɪst/, U.S.

/beɪst/

Forms:

α. Scottish 1500s baist (past tense and past participle), 1500s basit (past participle), 1700s bace, 1800s baiss, 1800s baisse; English regional (northern) 1700s baist (past tense, archaic), 1700s baste (past participle, archaic), 1700s best (past tense, archaic).

β. 1500s– baste; English regional 1800s baaste (Lincolnshire), 1800s baayste (Berkshire), 1800s baest (Yorkshire), 1800s baist (northern), 1800s bast (Essex), 1800s beast (Lancashire), 1800s beeast (Westmorland), 1800s beyast (Isle of Wight), 1800s byest (Northumberland).

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: baste v.²

Etymology: Of uncertain origin. Probably an extended use of baste v.², perhaps on account of the basting ladle being regarded as an archetypal woman's weapon.There are frequent references to a basting-ladle being used as the implement for basting (although this could reflect after-the-fact association of the two words). Compare:1655 H. Crouch New & Pleasant Hist. of Unfortunate Hodg v. 5 The gentleman took the baisting ladle and instead of basting the meat, he basted poore Hodge so sorely, that hee had almost broke his bones. Alternatively, it has been suggested that, if the original form was base (which is conceivable in view of the earliest quots. showing past tense and past participle forms basit , baist : see α. forms), this verb may be related to Swedish basa to whip, beat, flog (Old Swedish basa , basza ), of uncertain origin. Perhaps compare also (although with different tonic vowel) Icelandic beysta , beyrsta to bruise, thrash, flog, and its cognate Swedish (now regional) bösta to thump, to hit (Old Swedish bösta ), of uncertain origin, perhaps related to the Germanic base of beat v.¹

Originally Scottish. In later use regional, slang, and colloquial.

transitive. To beat or thrash (a person, animal, etc.), esp. with a stick or other implement; to flog.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > beat

threshOE

beatc1000

to lay on?c1225

chastise1362

rapa1400

dressc1405

lack?c1475

paya1500

currya1529

coil1530

cuff1530

baste1533

thwack1533

lick1535

firka1566

trounce1568

fight1570

course1585

bumfeage1589

feague1589

lamback1589

lambskin1589

tickle1592

thrash1593

lam1595

bumfeagle1598

comb1600

fer1600

linge1600

taw1600

tew1600

thrum1604

feeze1612

verberate1614

fly-flap1620

tabor1624

lambaste1637

feak1652

flog1676

to tan (a person's) hide1679

slipper1682

liquora1689

curry-comb1708

whack1721

rump1735

screenge1787

whale1790

lather1797

tat1819

tease1819

larrup1823

warm1824

haze1825

to put (a person) through a course of sprouts1839

flake1841

swish1856

hide1875

triangle1879

to give (a person or thing) gyp1887

soak1892

to loosen (a person's) hide1902

the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person

to-beatc893

threshOE

bustc1225

to lay on or upon?c1225

berrya1250

to-bunea1250

touchc1330

arrayc1380

byfrapc1380

boxc1390

swinga1400

forbeatc1420

peal?a1425

routa1425

noddlea1450

forslinger1481

wipe1523

trima1529

baste1533

waulk1533

slip1535

peppera1550

bethwack1555

kembc1566

to beat (a person) black and blue1568

beswinge1568

paik1568

trounce1568

canvass1573

swaddle?1577

bebaste1582

besoop1589

bumfeage1589

dry-beat1589

feague1589

lamback1589

clapperclaw1590

thrash1593

belam1595

lam1595

beswaddle1598

bumfeagle1598

belabour1600

tew1600

flesh-baste1611

dust1612

feeze1612

mill1612

verberate1614

bethumpa1616

rebuke1619

bemaul1620

tabor1624

maula1627

batterfang1630

dry-baste1630

lambaste1637

thunder-thump1637

cullis1639

dry-banga1640

nuddle1640

sauce1651

feak1652

cotton1654

fustigate1656

brush1665

squab1668

raddle1677

to tan (a person's) hide1679

slam1691

bebump1694

to give (a person) his load1694

fag1699

towel1705

to kick a person's butt1741

fum1790

devel1807

bray1808

to beat (also scare, etc.) someone's daylights out1813

mug1818

to knock (a person) into the middle of next week1821

welt1823

hidea1825

slate1825

targe1825

wallop1825

pounce1827

to lay into1838

flake1841

muzzle1843

paste1846

looder1850

frail1851

snake1859

fettle1863

to do over1866

jacket1875

to knock seven kinds of —— out of (a person)1877

to take apart1880

splatter1881

to beat (knock, etc.) the tar out of1884

to —— the shit out of (a person or thing)1886

to do up1887

to —— (the) hell out of1887

to beat — bells out of a person1890

soak1892

to punch out1893

stoush1893

to work over1903

to beat up1907

to punch up1907

cream1929

shellac1930

to —— the bejesus out of (a person or thing)1931

duff1943

clobber1944

to fill in1948

to bash up1954

to —— seven shades of —— out of (a person or thing)1976

to —— seven shades out of (a person or thing)1983

beast1990

becurry-

fan-

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. App. i. 302 Quhatsumeuir persoun mett him departit wele baist and depulȝet of his clething [L. mulcatus nudatusque].

1579 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 157 The saidis..in maist malitious maner baist, struke, and dang Umphra Stewart.

1596 P. Colse Penelopes Complaint sig. D3 Would not sticke to baste your bones.

1660 S. Pepys Diary 1 Dec. (1970) I. 307 I took a broom and basted her till she cried extremely.

1704 R. Steele Lying Lover iv. 43 I'll have the Rascal well basted for his Insolence.

1746 Exmoor Scolding (ed. 3) i. 7 Chell baste tha, chell stram tha, chell drash tha.

1840 R. H. Barham Ghost in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 96 Would now and then seize..A stick..And baste her lord and master most confoundedly.

1889 J. Nicholson Folk-speech E. Yorks. 23 Ah 'll baste tha weel, if thoo dizzn't mahnd what thoo's deeahin.

1919 Boston Sunday Globe 6 Apr. (Color & Comic section) 4/4 Grimby was sitting on his head, basting him with an empty bottle he picked up.

2005 Mass. Rev. 46 657 If they [sc. the frogs] made the mistake of hopping out, we'd ‘baste’ them with a garden tool.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† bastev.⁴

Forms: 1700s–1800s baste, 1800s bast.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: baste n.²

Etymology: < baste n.² N.E.D. (1885) gives the pronunciation as (bēⁱst) /beɪst/.

Cards. Obsolete.

transitive (in passive). In ombre and quadrille: to incur a penalty or forfeit for losing the game. Cf. baste n.², beast v. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > ombre and quadrille > play at quadrille [verb (intransitive)] > lose or forfeit

beast1653

baste1719

1719 R. Seymour Court Gamester 26 There are but two ways for the Hombre to win..; now we are enumerating how many ways he may lose, or be basted.

1850 H. G. Bohn et al. Hand-bk. Games 231 He who renounces is basted as often as detected.

1878 H. H. Gibbs Game of Ombre (ed. 2) 27 (note) Quadrille-players call it a Baste or being Basted, not from any idea connected with Baste or being beaten, but by corruption from the word Beaste.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

n.¹1562

n.²1719

v.¹a1425

v.²?a1475

v.³1533

v.⁴1719

单词	baste
释义	† basten.¹ Forms: 1500s–1600s bast, 1500s–1600s 1800s baste. Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: base n.¹ Etymology: Apparently an unexplained variant of base n.¹ Heraldry. Obsolete. The lower part of a shield or escutcheon; = base n.¹ 5.In later use only in glossarial sources. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > escutcheon or shield > [noun] > base baste1562 base1610 1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory f. 138 He beareth partie per bast barr erased, Argent, and Vert. 1586 J. Ferne Blazon of Gentrie 177 You haue seene in one coate..both a cheefe and a baste. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory i. viii. 84/2 Fern..terms the Pally to be Fretted with a Barrulett in Fesse, a Cheife and Baste. 1847 H. Gough Gloss. Terms Brit. Heraldry 49 Base, Base-bar, or Baste, a portion of the base of a shield, equal in width to a bar, parted off by a horizontal line. It is identical with the plain point. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † basten.² Forms: 1700s–1800s baste, 1800s bast. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: beast n. Etymology: Variant of beast n. (compare sense 14b and etymological discussion at that entry), representing the early modern pronunciation of that word with /eɪ/. N.E.D. (1885) gives the pronunciation as (bēⁱst) /beɪst/. Cards. Obsolete. (A name for) a penalty or forfeit in any of various card games, esp. ombre and quadrille; = beast n. 14. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > ombre and quadrille > [noun] > penalty beasta1672 baste1719 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > other card games > [noun] > beast > penalty beasta1672 baste1719 1719 R. Seymour Court Gamester 24 The Baste is made whenever he who undertakes the Game, that is to say the Hombre, does not win. 1814 C. Jones Hoyle's Games Improved (new ed.) 190 In all failures whether the player has a partner or not, he or they pay a Baste to the pool, equal to the number of fish they would have taken from it, had they proved successful. 1874 H. H. Gibbs Game of Ombre iii. 31 Quadrille-players call it a Baste or being Basted. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online September 2021). bastev.¹ Brit. /beɪst/, U.S. /beɪst/ Forms: late Middle English– baste, 1500s baaste, 1500s baest, 1500s–1600s bast, 1800s–1900s baist. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French bastir. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French bastir (French bâtir ) to sew together loosely (a1105), (more usually, in extended use) to build (mid 12th cent.) < an unattested Frankish form (compare Old High German bestan to patch, Middle High German besten to lace, tie) < the Germanic base of bast n.¹Compare post-classical Latin bastire (11th cent.), Italian bastire to build, construct (14th cent.), and (showing the specific semantic development with reference to fabrics or garments) Spanish bastear to pad, to quilt, to fill (early 14th cent.), Italian imbastire to pad, to quilt (late 16th cent. or earlier). The semantic transition from sewing to building may be via the practice of construction using stakes with intertwined twigs, used in Western Europe in the Carolingian period, especially in the Occitan- and Catalan-speaking regions. †1. a. transitive. To sew or stitch together (fabric, a garment, etc.); spec. to fasten or catch together (two or more layers of fabric, etc.) by means of stitches, in order to keep the layers aligned. Cf. quilt v.¹ 2a. Obsolete except as merged in senses 2a and 3.In quot. 1545 in extended use with reference to layers of fat and skin in the human body. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > sew > sew together > quilt bastea1425 quilt1555 flesh-baste1611 interbaste1611 interbastate1657 a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 104 With a threde bastyng my sleu[i]s. 1545 T. Raynald in tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. sig. D.v^v As it were the lynyng to the forsayd Cutis..the very skyn and it beyng both bastyd together, by a great number of smal fybres. 1582 P. Levens Right Profitable Bk. All Disseases 91 Take the whole or part thereof, and spred it vpon lether, and couer it with silke, & baste it with thraed like a twilt, and so apply the plaister to the place so greued. 1622 J. Mabbe in tr. M. Alemán Rogue i. 19 (margin) A Colchone, is a kinde of Mattresse, quilted with Wooll, and basted with Thread, that the Wooll may not slide and grow into Knots. b. transitive. To pad (a garment, etc.); to line or cover with padding. Cf. quilt v.¹ 1a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > tailor or make clothes [verb (transitive)] > stuff or pad bombase1558 bombast1565 baste1577 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 158^v The doung of Hennes, syfted very fyne, be put in little bagges, basted about with soft feathers. 1597 A. Hartwell tr. D. Lopes Rep. Kingdome of Congo vii. 54 Certaine iackets that are stuffed and basted with bombast, and stitched and quilted very soundly. 1687 Chirurgorum Comes iii. xvii. 327/2 A Cap must be made of a soft Linnen-cloth, basted with fine Chirurgeons Tow, but not quilted. 2. a. transitive. To stitch (fabric, a seam, etc.) with loose or easily removable stitches, esp. in preparation for sewing; to sew together (the parts of a garment, etc.) in order to hold them in position temporarily; to tack.The usual word in North America; tack is now used more often in this sense in British English. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > sew > sew together > baste or tack baste1590 pad-stitch1924 1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. E This patch here placd, the which I bast: And sow so fast. 1762 S. Ingham tr. G. J. Duverney Dis. Bones i. iii. 54 The Sheet is basted on round the Hole. ?1798 J. Houghton Blossoms of Genius 88 Amelia R. I don't know how to keep the hem straight. Governess. Then I will baste it down for you. 1873 Arthur's Illustr. Home Mag. Nov. 730/2 Before I lay away a vest, I always baste down the collar just the shape I want it to stay—a few long stitches will suffice. 1920 Daily Mail 9 Feb. 11/4 Cut out the lining, basting this to the kid with a tacking thread, making the stitches close to the edge. 2014 D. B. O'Shea Famous Frocks 115 Machine baste the collar in place ½ in/12mm from the edge. b. transitive. figurative and in extended use. To join or attach (something) loosely, roughly, or in a manner unlikely to remain fixed; to put (something) together roughly or clumsily. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > sew > sew together sewc725 stitch?c1225 preena1275 steek1502 to stitch up1590 baste1600 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing i. i. 270 The body of your discourse is sometime guarded with fragments, and the guardes are but slightly basted on neither. View more context for this quotation 1700 W. Congreve Way of World v. i. 72 To become a botcher of second hand Marriages..! I'll couple you, Yes, I'll baste you together, you and your Philander. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality Concl., in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 339 You have..basted up your first story very hastily and clumsily. 2010 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 31 Dec. 40 My life is strung from flights from failure, and my person basted together from the leftovers of those mad dashes. 3. transitive. spec. (originally North American). To fasten together (the layers of a quilt) using long, easily removable stitches or by some other method, in order to hold them in position for quilting. ΚΠ 1890 Rural Californian July 385/2 Baste the quilt in cross lines all over it two inches apart to hold it nicely. 1989 Quilting Today Dec. 25 The lines for quilting should be marked before the quilt is basted together with the batting and backing. 2018 Atlanta Jrnl.-Constit. (Nexis) 20 May 13 e Be sure to pin (or ‘baste’) your layers in place while you work. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). bastev.² Brit. /beɪst/, U.S. /beɪst/ Forms: late Middle English 1600s baist, 1500s baast (past participle), 1500s baest, 1500s–1600s bast, 1500s– baste. Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown.An extended use of baste v.³ (with a supposed idea of ‘stroking’ the joint of meat) is unlikely on chronological grounds. Alternatively, an etymology (ultimately) < the Romance verbs cited at baste v.¹ has been suggested, but these are not attested in specific senses similar to those of the English verb. Perhaps compare also Middle French (northern) basser to soak, moisten (late 15th cent.; rare; French regional basser ), apparently a back-formation < bassiner to moisten (a thing) gently (end of the 14th cent.; < bassin basin n.). However, a derivation from that French verb would still leave the final t of the English verb unexplained, and it has recently been argued that the supposed instance of basser ‘to soak, moisten’ could be taken as an instance of the homonym basser to provide a foundation for (something)’. 1. a. transitive. To pour fat, cooking juices, or other liquid over (roasting meat, etc.) in order to prevent it from drying out during cooking and to improve the flavour; (also) to apply a soft or liquid substance to (an item of food), esp. liberally or repeatedly, so that it becomes thoroughly covered or impregnated. Also figurative and in figurative context. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook [verb (transitive)] > baste enbenec1420 flambc1440 baste?a1475 bebaste1582 jipper1822 ?a1475 Noble Bk. Cookry in Middle Eng. Dict. at Basten Kep the grece that fallithe to baist hym and kepe hym moist. 1598 tr. G. de Rosselli Epulario C^v Let it rost sokingly, basting it oft with the foresaid sauce. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. iii. 183 The proud Lord That basts his arrogance with his owne seame. View more context for this quotation 1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler 159 Let him [sc. a pike] be rosted very leisurely and often basted with Claret wine. View more context for this quotation 1736 Compl. Family-piece i. ii. 106 Tie your Lobsters to the Spit alive, baste them with Water and Salt. 1841 Punch 7 Aug. 39/1 Take a consummate puppy..baste with self-conceit—stuff with slang—season with maudlin sentiment. 1853 A. Soyer Pantropheon 163 Baste it with its own gravy. 1955 National Jewish Post 18 Nov. (Indiana ed.) 3/4 Baste the cake with this sauce while hot, spooning it on so that the cake absorbs it rapidly. 2018 Scottish Daily Mail (Nexis) 21 June Grill for 8-10 minutes, turning regularly and basting with leftover glaze until the chicken is cooked through. b. transitive. In extended use: to cover or coat (a person or thing) with a substance, esp. liberally or repeatedly.In quot. 1570 glossing classical Latin linīre to smear, to anoint (see liniment n.). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by topical applications > treat by topical applications [verb (transitive)] > salve or anoint salvea800 smearc950 anointa1375 supplea1425 epithem1543 assalve1570 baste1570 taint1578 scarify1596 obviscate1684 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Ciii^v/2 Baste, linire. 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xxi. 61 That I the wine should taste..and so my throte I baste. 1681 Phanatick in his Colours 1 Did you observe lately, how the Faction fretted it self..as if 't had been flead, and basted with Vinegar? 1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Fleas Put to your Water two Ounces of Stavesacre..and..baste your Dog therewith. 1762 T. Smollett Adventures Sir Launcelot Greaves II. xiii. 12 One of them had seized the poker, and basted him with his own blood. 1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xxiv. 297 Some white flour scones basted in butter. 1998 C. A. Duffy Standing Female Nude 60 A fat man orders his [steak] rare and a fine sweat bastes his face. c. intransitive. Of food: to exude fat or juice during cooking; to cook slowly in this. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > condition of being slightly wet > make slightly wet [verb (transitive)] aliec1330 humidatec1540 bemoist1567 bemoisten1590 rigate1657 damp1671 deg1673 moistify1786 dampen1827 baste1897 1897 Pall Mall Gaz. 27 Feb. 2/3 Its cartoon represents the Sultan in a frying-pan, with the Great Powers holding the handle. The motto underneath is..Turkey basting in her own grease. 1912 Altoona (Pa.) Mirror 29 Nov. 16/4 A Thanksgiving turkey basting on the stove before her. 2012 Prince George (Brit. Columbia) Citizen (Nexis) 20 Dec. 1 The tantalizing smell of Christmas turkeys basting in the oven will soon permeate the air. d. intransitive. figurative and in extended use. Chiefly of a person: to exude or be covered in a substance (esp. perspiration), as if basted; to sweat or swelter in heat. ΚΠ 1962 San Antonio (Texas) Express 31 Aug. 4 a/5 Basting in your own perspiration, you are ready to raise your question with Eisenhower. 1985 Washington Post (Nexis) 8 Mar. (Weekend section) 52 Technically, you can say that you are burning fat 24 hours a day..while sleeping, eating..and even while basting in the sauna. 2004 Sydney Morning Herald (Weekend ed.) 31 July (Travel section) 5/2 I am overwhelmed and overheated, basting in a blend of sweat and petrol. †2. transitive. Perhaps: to leave a mark on (a person or thing). Cf. buist v.² Obsolete. [In 19th-cent. glossaries of regional (northern) English, baste is also recorded as a variant of buist v.², but it is unlikely that this shows the present word.] ΚΠ 1590 R. Greene Mourning Garment 2 The prime of his yeares was in the flowre, and youth sate and basted him Calendes in his forehead. †3. transitive. Candle-making. To pour molten wax over (a wick, etc.) to form a candle. Cf. basting n.² 2. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1848 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson tr. F. Knapp Chem. Technol. I. 132 The wicks, instead of being dipped into the wax, are basted with it. 1890 Brit. Trade Jrnl. Jan. 26/2 The first batch of candles is afterwards again basted with wax until the candles are about half the proper thickness. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). bastev.³ Brit. /beɪst/, U.S. /beɪst/ Forms: α. Scottish 1500s baist (past tense and past participle), 1500s basit (past participle), 1700s bace, 1800s baiss, 1800s baisse; English regional (northern) 1700s baist (past tense, archaic), 1700s baste (past participle, archaic), 1700s best (past tense, archaic). β. 1500s– baste; English regional 1800s baaste (Lincolnshire), 1800s baayste (Berkshire), 1800s baest (Yorkshire), 1800s baist (northern), 1800s bast (Essex), 1800s beast (Lancashire), 1800s beeast (Westmorland), 1800s beyast (Isle of Wight), 1800s byest (Northumberland). Origin: Of uncertain origin. Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: baste v.² Etymology: Of uncertain origin. Probably an extended use of baste v.², perhaps on account of the basting ladle being regarded as an archetypal woman's weapon.There are frequent references to a basting-ladle being used as the implement for basting (although this could reflect after-the-fact association of the two words). Compare:1655 H. Crouch New & Pleasant Hist. of Unfortunate Hodg v. 5 The gentleman took the baisting ladle and instead of basting the meat, he basted poore Hodge so sorely, that hee had almost broke his bones. Alternatively, it has been suggested that, if the original form was base (which is conceivable in view of the earliest quots. showing past tense and past participle forms basit , baist : see α. forms), this verb may be related to Swedish basa to whip, beat, flog (Old Swedish basa , basza ), of uncertain origin. Perhaps compare also (although with different tonic vowel) Icelandic beysta , beyrsta to bruise, thrash, flog, and its cognate Swedish (now regional) bösta to thump, to hit (Old Swedish bösta ), of uncertain origin, perhaps related to the Germanic base of beat v.¹ Originally Scottish. In later use regional, slang, and colloquial. transitive. To beat or thrash (a person, animal, etc.), esp. with a stick or other implement; to flog. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > beat threshOE beatc1000 to lay on?c1225 chastise1362 rapa1400 dressc1405 lack?c1475 paya1500 currya1529 coil1530 cuff1530 baste1533 thwack1533 lick1535 firka1566 trounce1568 fight1570 course1585 bumfeage1589 feague1589 lamback1589 lambskin1589 tickle1592 thrash1593 lam1595 bumfeagle1598 comb1600 fer1600 linge1600 taw1600 tew1600 thrum1604 feeze1612 verberate1614 fly-flap1620 tabor1624 lambaste1637 feak1652 flog1676 to tan (a person's) hide1679 slipper1682 liquora1689 curry-comb1708 whack1721 rump1735 screenge1787 whale1790 lather1797 tat1819 tease1819 larrup1823 warm1824 haze1825 to put (a person) through a course of sprouts1839 flake1841 swish1856 hide1875 triangle1879 to give (a person or thing) gyp1887 soak1892 to loosen (a person's) hide1902 the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person to-beatc893 threshOE bustc1225 to lay on or upon?c1225 berrya1250 to-bunea1250 touchc1330 arrayc1380 byfrapc1380 boxc1390 swinga1400 forbeatc1420 peal?a1425 routa1425 noddlea1450 forslinger1481 wipe1523 trima1529 baste1533 waulk1533 slip1535 peppera1550 bethwack1555 kembc1566 to beat (a person) black and blue1568 beswinge1568 paik1568 trounce1568 canvass1573 swaddle?1577 bebaste1582 besoop1589 bumfeage1589 dry-beat1589 feague1589 lamback1589 clapperclaw1590 thrash1593 belam1595 lam1595 beswaddle1598 bumfeagle1598 belabour1600 tew1600 flesh-baste1611 dust1612 feeze1612 mill1612 verberate1614 bethumpa1616 rebuke1619 bemaul1620 tabor1624 maula1627 batterfang1630 dry-baste1630 lambaste1637 thunder-thump1637 cullis1639 dry-banga1640 nuddle1640 sauce1651 feak1652 cotton1654 fustigate1656 brush1665 squab1668 raddle1677 to tan (a person's) hide1679 slam1691 bebump1694 to give (a person) his load1694 fag1699 towel1705 to kick a person's butt1741 fum1790 devel1807 bray1808 to beat (also scare, etc.) someone's daylights out1813 mug1818 to knock (a person) into the middle of next week1821 welt1823 hidea1825 slate1825 targe1825 wallop1825 pounce1827 to lay into1838 flake1841 muzzle1843 paste1846 looder1850 frail1851 snake1859 fettle1863 to do over1866 jacket1875 to knock seven kinds of —— out of (a person)1877 to take apart1880 splatter1881 to beat (knock, etc.) the tar out of1884 to —— the shit out of (a person or thing)1886 to do up1887 to —— (the) hell out of1887 to beat — bells out of a person1890 soak1892 to punch out1893 stoush1893 to work over1903 to beat up1907 to punch up1907 cream1929 shellac1930 to —— the bejesus out of (a person or thing)1931 duff1943 clobber1944 to fill in1948 to bash up1954 to —— seven shades of —— out of (a person or thing)1976 to —— seven shades out of (a person or thing)1983 beast1990 becurry- fan- 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. App. i. 302 Quhatsumeuir persoun mett him departit wele baist and depulȝet of his clething [L. mulcatus nudatusque]. 1579 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 157 The saidis..in maist malitious maner baist, struke, and dang Umphra Stewart. 1596 P. Colse Penelopes Complaint sig. D3 Would not sticke to baste your bones. 1660 S. Pepys Diary 1 Dec. (1970) I. 307 I took a broom and basted her till she cried extremely. 1704 R. Steele Lying Lover iv. 43 I'll have the Rascal well basted for his Insolence. 1746 Exmoor Scolding (ed. 3) i. 7 Chell baste tha, chell stram tha, chell drash tha. 1840 R. H. Barham Ghost in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 96 Would now and then seize..A stick..And baste her lord and master most confoundedly. 1889 J. Nicholson Folk-speech E. Yorks. 23 Ah 'll baste tha weel, if thoo dizzn't mahnd what thoo's deeahin. 1919 Boston Sunday Globe 6 Apr. (Color & Comic section) 4/4 Grimby was sitting on his head, basting him with an empty bottle he picked up. 2005 Mass. Rev. 46 657 If they [sc. the frogs] made the mistake of hopping out, we'd ‘baste’ them with a garden tool. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † bastev.⁴ Forms: 1700s–1800s baste, 1800s bast. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: baste n.² Etymology: < baste n.² N.E.D. (1885) gives the pronunciation as (bēⁱst) /beɪst/. Cards. Obsolete. transitive (in passive). In ombre and quadrille: to incur a penalty or forfeit for losing the game. Cf. baste n.², beast v. 2. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > ombre and quadrille > play at quadrille [verb (intransitive)] > lose or forfeit beast1653 baste1719 1719 R. Seymour Court Gamester 26 There are but two ways for the Hombre to win..; now we are enumerating how many ways he may lose, or be basted. 1850 H. G. Bohn et al. Hand-bk. Games 231 He who renounces is basted as often as detected. 1878 H. H. Gibbs Game of Ombre (ed. 2) 27 (note) Quadrille-players call it a Baste or being Basted, not from any idea connected with Baste or being beaten, but by corruption from the word Beaste. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.¹1562n.²1719v.¹a1425v.²?a1475v.³1533v.⁴1719
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