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单词 baster
释义

bastern.1

Brit. /ˈbeɪstə/, U.S. /ˈbeɪstər/
Forms:

α. 1500s basteter (probably transmission error), 1700s– baster.

β. 1500s bastor.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymon: baste v.2
Etymology: < baste v.2 + -er suffix1.With the β. forms compare -or suffix.
1. A person who bastes meat or other food during cooking; (sometimes) a person employed specifically to carry out this task (now chiefly historical).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook > [noun] > baster
baster1525
1525 in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 181 To she that turned the spitt, 8d.; to the Basteter, 4d.
1763 It's All of a Peace (single sheet) Then the Spit and the Dripping-Pan fell on the Baster, For Firkins of Butter and Lard he did waste, Sir.
1901 C. W. Bardsley & A. Bardsley Dict. Eng. & Welsh Surnames 83/2 Baster, occup. ‘the baster’, probably a kitchen servitor who basted the joint.
2013 Irish Independent (Nexis) 16 Dec. 24 I've been demoted to chief baster. That's the spooning of juices over the bird to keep her moist.
2. A thing which bastes meat or other food during cooking; spec. a utensil designed or used for this purpose, typically a large spoon, ladle, or (now more often) a large pipette or syringe.Now frequently with modifying word, esp. in turkey baster.
ΚΠ
1559 in E. Roberts & K. Parker Southampton Probate Inventories, 1447–1575 (1992) I. 158 A coolrake, a treyfet, a bread gratter, ij bastors.
1734 London Daily Post 13 Nov. Two Fish-drainers; Copper Scimmers, Ladles and Basters; and several other Kitchen Furniture.
1890 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 13 Mar. 1012/2 In a meat-roaster, the combination of a revoluble oven and basters connected together in a group, each group of basters being removably attached to the interior of the oven.
1988 R. Hemley Installations in All you can Eat (1990) 176 She reaches into one of her bags, takes out a turkey baster, and squirts it at the person sitting nearest her.
2012 L. J. Larsen Starter Cook iii. 63 Use a baster, a spoon, or a silicone brush to put drippings from the bottom of the pan on the meat.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

bastern.2

Forms: 1600s 1800s baster, 1700s bastar.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: baste v.3, -er suffix1.
Etymology: < baste v.3 + -er suffix1.
colloquial. Obsolete.
A person who, or (more often) a thing which, beats or thrashes (cf. baste v.3); esp. a heavy stick, a cudgel. Also: a hard blow given with such a weapon.Recorded earliest as the second element in a name applied to a weapon of this sort.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > [noun] > striking heavily > a heavy blow
smitea1200
ponder1339
clouta1400
whopc1440
routa1450
maul1481
sousec1500
dunta1522
flake1559
lambskin1573
lamback1592
daud1596
baster1600
mell1658
thumper1682
lounder1723
smash1725
plumper1756
spanker1772
douser1782
thud1787
bash1805
stave1819
batter1823
belter1823
wallop1823
whacker1823
belt1825
smasher1829
dingbat1843
dinger1845
oner1861
squeaker1877
clod1886
wham1923
dong1941
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > club or stick > [noun]
sowelc893
treec893
cudgelc897
stinga900
bat?c1225
sticka1275
clubc1275
truncheon14..
bourdonc1325
bastona1400
warderera1400
plantc1400
kibble1411
playloomc1440
hurlbatc1450
ploykc1450
rung1491
libberlac1500
waster1533
batonc1550
macana1555
libbet1562
bastinado1574
crab-tree comb1593
tomahawkc1612
billeta1616
wiper1622
batoon1637
gibbeta1640
crab-bat1647
kibbo1688
Indian club1694
batterdasher1696
crab-stick1703
bloodwipea1705
bludgeon1730
kierie1731
oaken towel1739
crab1740
shillelagh1772
knobstick1783
pogamogganc1788
whirlbat1791
nulla-nulla1798
waddy1800
kevel1807
supple1815
mere1820
hurlet1825
knobkerrie1826
blackthorn1829
bastera1833
twig1842
leangle1845
alpeen1847
banger1849
billy1856
thwack-stave1857
clump1868
cosh1869
nulla1878
sap1899
waddy1899
blunt instrument1923
1600 S. Rowlands Letting of Humors Blood Satyre iv. sig. D8v Cloth-breech doth deride him with a laugh, And lets him see Bone-baster, thats his staffe.
1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iii. v. 97 I doe believe the Divel's in my Master, who ever basted was till now; Now's baster.
1707 W. Wagstaffe Crispin Cobler's Confut. Ben H—dly (ed. 2) 12 Jack took up the Poker, and..gave me such a Bastar upon the Head, that it was two Months before I perfectly recovered.
a1833 J. T. Smith Bk. for Rainy Day (1845) 14 A fellow riding a hog, brandishing a birch broom by way of a baster.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

Bastern.3

Brit. /ˈbastə/, U.S. /ˈbæstər/, South African English /ˈbʌstə/
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Dutch. Partly a borrowing from Afrikaans. Etymons: Dutch baster; Afrikaans baster.
Etymology: < South African Dutch baster, Afrikaans baster person of mixed ethnic origin (1790 or earlier); specific use (probably ultimately after English: see bastard n. 12a, and compare bastard n. 4) of baster bastard n.In quot. 1790 via French Baster (1790 in the work translated in quot. 1790).
Chiefly South African.
In South Africa and Namibia (formerly South West Africa): a person of mixed descent; (now usually) spec. = Rehoboth Baster n. Cf. bastard n. 12a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > mixed race > [noun] > white and black > person > in South Africa
bastard1785
Baster1790
Griqua1815
Rehobothiana1867
Rehoboth Bastard1894
Griqualander1897
coloured1903
Rehobother Bastard1921
Eurafrican1922
Rehoboth1923
Rehoboth Baster1926
Rehobother1958
1790 E. Helme tr. F. Le Vaillant Trav. Afr. II. 344 These Boshmen..far from being a distinct species..are only a promiscuous assemblage of mulattoes, negroes and mestixos, of every species, and sometimes of Hottentots and Basters.
1872 Evening Bull. (San Francisco) 24 Feb. The Basters and Griquas, resulting from the intercourse between whites and Hottentots, have multiplied so as to become a serious annoyance to the Cape Government.
1936 A. J. Goldblatt in J. J. L. Sisson S. Afr. Judicial Dict. (1960) 85 In this territory the term ‘baster’ when it is ascribed to a person's race is well known to refer to the members of the Rehoboth Bastard Community.
1976 Plain Truth Dec. 10 The first major community to the south of Windhoek is Rehoboth..settled by Basters, a mixed Nama-white stock. The Basters (their name means ‘bastard’ in Afrikaans, but they wear the label proudly) found marvelous hot springs in the region.
1998 Independent on Sunday 2 Aug. i. 15/2 Mr Isaaks rants that the black Namibian government has stolen land the Basters purchased from the Nama tribesmen.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

bastern.4

Brit. /ˈbeɪstə/, U.S. /ˈbeɪstər/
Forms: see baste v.1 and -er suffix1.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: baste v.1, -er suffix1.
Etymology: < baste v.1 + -er suffix1.
1. A device which is used for basting or holding together several layers of fabric. Cf. baste v.1 Only in appositive compounds (typically with reference to the mechanisms of early sewing machines), as baster pin, baster plate. Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > other parts > [noun] > other specific parts
armOE
button?1561
running gear1663
relax1676
collar1678
drumhead1698
long arm1717
drum1744
press cloth1745
head1785
absorber1789
bearing plate1794
crown1796
rhodings1805
press box1825
alternator1829
cushion1832
saw tooth1835
shoe1837
keyboard1839
returner1839
cross-head1844
channel shoe1845
baster1846
water port1864
shifter1869
magazine1873
entry port1874
upsetter1875
mechanism1876
tapper1876
tension bar1879
buttonholer1882
take-up1884
auger1886
instrument panel1897
balancer1904
torsion bar1937
powerhead1960
1846 N.Y.Farmer & Mechanic July 251/2 A baster plate..which is a plate of thin steel, about three-quarters of an inch wide, with sharp teeth upon one side..is passed upon it [sc. the cloth to be sewn]..and the teeth enter the cloth, thereby securing the edges together as in ordinary basting with thread.
1864 J. L. Bishop Hist. Amer. Manufactures II. 606 Baister-pins were retained in the periphery of the feed-wheel.
2010 F. P. Bachman Story of Inventions (ed. 2) ii. 89 The baster plate was the weakest part of the machine. The seam that could be made without stopping was short, and only straight seams could be sewn.
2. A person who bastes fabric; esp. one employed to do the preliminary stitching in the manufacture of garments. Cf. baste v.1 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > [noun] > sewing > sewing in other ways > one who
hemmer1483
baster1854
machinist1879
sewing machinist?1881
whipper?1881
machiner1888
tucker1905
Blake-sewer1921
overlocker1921
bar tacker1924
1854 Illustr. London News 16 Dec. 624/2 Each machine, with its attendant basters and finishers, will produce about 150 pairs of men's trousers per week.
1902 Daily Chron. 5 Mar. 10/5 Coat Machinists..wanted, baisters and finishers.
2007 N.Y. Post (Nexis) 26 Feb. 8 Oscar's main excitement was the schmattas. For his freebee loaners, Armani imported 19 fitters and basters.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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更新时间:2024/12/23 19:27:17