| 释义 |
pedigreen. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pé de grue. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pé de grue, pee de gru (a1327 or earlier), literally ‘crane's foot’ < pé foot (Middle French pié , pied , French pied ; see pied-à-terre n.) + de de prep. + grue crane (see grue n.2).The spec. sense probably arose from a comparison of a conventional mark consisting of three curved lines used in denoting succession in manuscript genealogies with the claws (or perhaps the tracks) of the bird. The β. forms probably reflect assimilation of the first element to petty adj. or petit adj. The γ. forms apparently show assimilation of the final element to gree n.1 (probably by association with sense 3; compare also degree n. 3a). It is uncertain whether the following quotations should be taken as showing the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word:1410 in T. Madox Formulare Anglicanum (1702) 15 Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos præsens Pedicru pervenerit.1410 in T. Madox Formulare Anglicanum (1702) 16 In quorum omnium testimonium, nos prædicti Leonardus Abbas, Nicholaus, Johannes Cokesden, & Johannes, Sigilla nostra huic præsenti Pedicru apposuimus. A German grammar of English of the early 18th cent. indicates that the final vowel was pronounced short at the time. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > genealogy as study > [noun] > genealogical record > tree, diagram, etc. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) v. 3388 Who–so liste loken and vnfolde þe pe-de-Grew of cronycles olde..He shal fynde þat he is iustly born To regne in Fraunce by lyneal discent. 1465 J. Paston in (2004) I. 135 Be þe pedegre mad in þe seyd last Dewkis fadiris daijs. a1500 ( J. Lydgate (1934) ii. 620 To drawen oute a true peedegrue, Lyneally descending even adoun from seint Lowys..of Frenssh-men oonly þere was oon. 1622 M. Drayton xxvii. 135 Her Pedigrees to show, her right successiue Kings. c1660 A. Wood anno 1634 (1891) I. 45 To appeare before the said officers or heralds with his armes and pedegree. 1711 Mrs. Long in J. Swift (1841) II. 477 I wish too at your leisure you would make a pedigree for me. 1763 W. Moore Let. 10 Jan. in G. Eland (1947) viii. 127 The Tytle of the Pedigree shows you it was made out in 1727. 1815 Ld. Byron 11 July (1975) IV. 303 The Pedigree..is not only a document of importance but beautiful and valuable as a piece of work. 1888 14 Jan. 49/1 The actual pedigree begins with William ‘Pepis’, of Cottenham,..living circiter 1500. 1925 c. 20 s. 183(1) Any person disposing of property..[who] falsifies any pedigree upon which the title may depend in order to induce the purchaser to accept the title offered or produced [with intent to defraud] is guilty of a misdemeanour. 1990 A. Beevor xiii. 143 It also includes pages of charts—rather like the pedigrees of several inter-married and prolific families. 2. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > [noun] > a line of descent (Harl. 221) 390 Pedegru, or petygru [v.rr. pedegrw, pedygru], lyne of kynrede, and awncetrye, Stemma. a1474 in C. L. Kingsford (1919) I. 136 (MED) It is resonable a gentilman to know his pedegre. a1500 (?c1440) J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep (Lansd.) 324 in (1934) ii. 552 This Lamb was Crist, which lyneali doun cam, Bi descent conveide the peedegre Fro the Patriarch i–callid Abraham. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus I. Luke Prol. 15 The nativitie and petigrewe of Christe. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus II. Heb. vii. f. x Melchisedech..had neyther father, nor mother, nor pedigrew. 1591 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto xxvi. lxix. 211 As one that thence deriu'd his pedigrew. a1683 A. Sidney (1704) ii. §24 Who had no better cover for his sordid extraction than a Welch Pedegree. 1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Speeches Ajax & Ulysses in 461 From Jove, like him, I claim my Pedigree, And am descended in the same degree. 1763 F. Brooke I. xiii. 74 I am sorry to say my dear Fondville's pedigree will not stand the test; he owes his fortune and rank to the iniquity of his father. 1816 W. Scott I. ii. 28 A captain in the Forty-twa, who had no other fortune but his commission and a Highland pedigree. 1876 E. A. Freeman V. xxiii. 331 Men had forgotten a pedigree which had to be traced through a long line of foreign princes in Flanders. 1948 E. Waugh 16 Mar. (1980) 274 There are precious few Englishmen who could not assume a mediaeval name if they chose to pick about in their pedigree. 1989 I. Taylor (1990) i. 2 They came from good stock, with a pedigree equal to many of the gentry. the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [noun] > origination or derivation 1566 J. Barthlet (title) The Pedigrewe of Heretiques, wherein is truly and plainly set out the first roote of Heretiques begon in the Church. 1582 R. Stanyhurst in tr. Virgil To Rdr. sig. Bij Attempt too fetche thee petit degree of woordes, I know not from what auncetoure. 1628 W. Prynne 3 That which had its birth, source, and pedegree from the very Deuill himselfe, must needes bee odious. 1715 M. Davies 1 [Of the word ‘Pamphlet’] Its Pedigree can scarce be trac'd higher than the latter end of Queen Elizabeth's Reign. 1833 T. Chalmers II. ix. 85 The origin or the pedigree of our moral judgments. 1839 H. Rogers II. iii. 127 Both words..may very probably have had the same pedigree—perhaps the same parentage. 1891 T. Hardy I. iii. 33 Your father learnt it on his way home from Stourcastle, and has been telling me the whole pedigree of the matter. 1940 A. Tate (1941) 7 There is no space here to track down the intellectual pedigree of the attitude of the social scientist. 1984 A. N. Wilson i. i. 25 Manning's view of ‘Catholic society’ had an equally hybrid pedigree, but it was based on experience rather than ideology. 1990 Sept. 21/1 Backgammon..likewise has a distinguished pedigree. 1608 E. Topsell 79 The true younger Bees..deriue their originall and petigree from the kingly stocke. 1690 J. Locke ii. xxvii. 156 They are more careful of the Pedigrees of their Horses, than of their own. 1765 C. Johnstone IV. ii. 13 They trace back the pedigree of a dog, or an horse, for many generations, for fear of any fault in the breed. 1792 H. H. Brackenridge (1937) I. 7 Under this idea, they began to interrogate him with respect to the blood and pedigree of his horse: whether he was of the Dove, or the bay mare that took the purse..? whether his sire was Tamerlane or Bajazet? 1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton I. ii. i. 158 To vouch for the pedigree..of the three horses he intends to dispose of. 1868 C. Darwin I. ii. 51 The pedigree of a race-horse is of more value in judging of its probable success than its appearance. 1880 S. Haughton vi. 282 The modern Horse, whose pedigree [i.e. from the Eocene Hipparion] has been..traced by Professor Marsh. 1924 T. B. Hutcheson & T. K. Wolfe vi. 32 The use of pedigree selection..allows the breeder to make a rapid segregation of the elementary species or pure lines from a mixed population. 1972 C. Ing & G. Pond 83/2 Miss E. Langston, whose prefix ‘Allington’ appears on most Chinchilla [cat] pedigrees throughout the world, has been breeding for nearly forty years. 1999 Dec. 38/2 The SCC will not register any dog with common ancestors in the first three generations of its pedigree. society > communication > record > [noun] > a record > life or case history 1852 9 Dec. 4/3 A ‘Congressional Companion’ would be a prodigiously convenient affair, seeing there is no Herald's College to consult for the pedigree of politicians. We might thus keep the whole shining track of a man's life in our eye. 1903 2 324 Pedigree,..history. ‘If he doesn't go straight I'll tell his pedigree.’ Not applying to family descent, but to personal history. a1911 D. G. Phillips (1917) II. xvii. 397 ‘I run her in myself.’ ‘Oh, she's got a record... Why the hell didn't you say so?’ ‘I thought you remembered. You took her pedigree.’ 1964 ‘D. Shannon’ (1966) ix. 123 Dorothy had a little pedigree for shoplifting. 1975 22 Aug. 3/3 It has been decided to establish a national register to check the pedigrees of vehicles, particularly their milages. 1991 65 834/1 Private dealers and collectors who are sometimes tempted to handle antiquities that lack honest pedigrees. 1909 W. Bateson (new ed.) xii. 228 Several pedigrees of ectrodactylism..are recorded in medical literature. 1967 90 473 Pedigrees were published that were subsequently readily identified as being consistent with autosomal recessive, X-linked recessive, and autosomal dominant modes of inheritance. 1989 7 145 Renalysis can be done by studying the ratio of non-recombinants to recombinants in both pedigrees. 1955 17 Mar. 10/1 There are few teams..who boast a better pedigree in the competition since the turn of the century. 1975 27 Nov. 27 (advt.) Candidates..should have a good product management pedigree. 1993 T. Hawkins viii. 165 Having cut our guts out she displayed them on a full-colour DPS for the whole industry to gawp at. She only asked that dog Imogen about our pedigree, our CVs, The Lie! 1999 Feb. 17 Zdar and scamp-featured cohort Boombass' dance pedigree far predates their Daft chums. society > society and the community > social class > nobility > [noun] > noble lineage society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > [noun] > condition determined by > noble birth or lineage c1460 in F. J. Furnivall (1903) 292 Sewte and servise we owe..To þi hiȝnesse of very due, As royall most by pedigre. 1578 J. Lyly f. 83v If thou clayme gentry by petegree, practise gentlenesse by thine honestie. 1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer xx. 235 Though Vertue lieth not in Pedigree. 1701 D. Defoe i. 24 Yet she boldly boasts of Pedigree. 1766 O. Goldsmith II. i. 13 His mother had been laundress to a man of quality, and thus he early acquired a taste for pimping and pedigree. 1826 W. Scott i I am by pedigree a discontented person. 1889 July 245/1 It is of most venerable pedigree, as the first substance cooled from the archaic molten globe was doubtless a form of glass. 1896 Sir W. Lawson in 4 Sept. 8/2 He did not want them to despise pedigree, because pedigree was the pedestal of the British Constitution. 1925 I. Gershwin These Charming People in (1959) 118 If that's pedigree, enjoy it! My old man came from Detroit. 1994 Apr. 145 It-girlness is a state that transcends looks, intuition, and pedigree. 1996 Feb. 27/1 It is the sort of car that will appeal to those who want some pedigree in their transport. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > stock, race, or family > [noun] 1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in 617/1 [To] iest and rayle vpon the whole pedegre of Popes. 1596 H. Clapham i. 26 Sheths Petygre marrieth with them. 1604 R. Cawdrey Pettigree, stock, or offpring. 1672 E. Worsley 203 Wee examin your pedegree of Pastors and Doctors. 1837 F. Palgrave (1844) 81 They are all alike, ‘the whole pedigree on 'em—Radical or Conservative, Whig or Tory’. 2004 (Nexis) 28 Feb. 8 The so-called trophy properties usually have a long pedigree of high-profile owners, people who are highly successful in their fields. 1958 ‘R. Crompton’ viii. 253 ‘A Landrace pedigree, that pig is,’ said the farmer. 1999 Oct. 6/2 Discover Dogs does not purely cater for pedigrees. 2001 18 Mar. (Review Suppl.) 13/1 The..Trust..rehomes some 2,000 cats a year, including many pedigrees. Compounds C1. Of or relating to pedigrees or genealogies. a. 1850 28 Sept. 3/1 He had not the hungry look of a legacy or pedigree hunter. 1946 A. L. Poole ii. 22 The elaborate family tree of Aubrey is remarkable, and would be the envy of the modern pedigree hunter. 2002 (Nexis) 12 Apr. d1 Family archivist and ‘pedigree hunter’ Stephen..has put together a well-orchestrated family tree. 1827 97 ii. 51 One Lilly an armes-painter and pedigree maker. 1963 P. H. Blair xii. 240 Human nature has not yet changed so much as to put the pedigree-makers out of business. a1864 R. S. Surtees (1911) lxiv. 350 Lady de Tabby, who was a regular pedigree monger. 1913 J. Fitzmaurice-Kelly 1 This table of lineage is partly based on the work of the notorious pedigree-monger Rodrigo Mendez Silva, and is therefore of no authority. 1962 E. Mercer vi. 235 As many brightly painted shields-of-arms as the pedigree-mongers could warrant and space would allow. 1897 Oct. 343 If he has a pedigree-sheet before him, he can with ease grasp the nature of the rival claims. 1960 A. R. Wagner ix. 351 The unadorned pedigree sheets and booklets are often more satisfactory than the story books. 2002 (Nexis) 26 Mar. 17 He gave the officer the defendant's photograph and his pedigree sheet bearing his date of birth. b. 1860 Apr. 325 (note) Pedigree-hunting has become quite a mania in the United States. 1989–90 Winter 103/2 On the whole the historians of British culture have been a pretty sluggish lot, bogged down in stylistic pedigree-hunting. 1865 G. Burnett (title) Popular Genealogists; or, The Art of Pedigree-making. 1906 J. Watson xxxiii. 475 It [sc. the Irish terrier] is not an old breed so far as pedigree making goes. 2002 (Nexis) 10 Feb. f2 Family historians are keen to move beyond the constraints of mere pedigree-making and to arrive at an understanding of their ancestors within the broader context of time and place. C2. 1778 T. Pennant I. Index Salusbury pedigree-book. 1900 9 62 The connection..is further shown by an extract from the family pedigree book at the house of the present Lord Hatherton. 1917 R. S. Lull 156 Galton's law of ancestral inheritance was based upon..the carefully kept pedigree books of the kennels of the Basset Hounds Club. 1987 4 June 19 The family still has pedigree books going back to 1760. 1982 R. H. Poff in 290 846/2 The pedigree exception allows consideration of hearsay evidence regarding a person's family relationship as proof of the existence of the relationship. 1987 G. C. Lilly 305 But all jurisdictions recognize in some form the ‘pedigree exception’, which can be used in establishing family relationships such as births, marriages, divorces, degree of kinship, etc. 1923 J. Manchon 220 Pedigree-man,..un récidiviste, un cheval de retour. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > genealogy as study > [noun] > genealogical record > tree, diagram, etc. 1893 22 319 Had the Polynesians any means of recording degrees of descent?.. Aufau fetii is ‘the genealogy of a family’, and must have been a staff bound in some especial manner to serve the purpose of a pedigree-stick. 1908 I. 826/2 Colley March first suggested that the carved shafts of the sacred paddles and adzes were pedigree-sticks, the patterns being ‘the multitudinous human links between the divine ancestor and the chief of the living tribe’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). pedigreeadj. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pedigree n. Etymology: < pedigree n. Compare earlier pedigreed adj. society > society and the community > social class > nobility > [adjective] > of descent or breeding society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > genealogy as study > [adjective] > having recorded genealogy the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [adjective] > other 1861 H. Tanner in 339 The character of a breed becomes more and more concentrated and confirmed in a pedigree animal. 1875 E. S. Carr 43 The breeding of pedigree cattle and sheep commands the attention of the best Scotch farmers. 1901 28 Feb. 6/2 The Perth sale of pedigree shorthorn cattle. 1932 T. H. Morgan ix. 195 The mice were not derived from pedigree stock. 1958 28 Aug. 298/2 Pedigree cats are divided into two categories: long-hairs and short-hairs. 1995 21 July 78/2 Over the years no pedigree prefix has appeared more often in Royal Welsh Show catalogues than Goldfoot, the one that the Evans family uses for pedigree cattle, sheep and pigs. 1973 19 Sept. 16/3 Derby..often looked a pedigree team. 1987 (Nexis) 20 Sept. c15 Massei earned the blue ribbon in host Deerfield's 10-3 victory over New Trier Saturday afternoon with a pedigree performance. 1993 Aug. 61 The restaurant has hit a stride of its own with pedigree individual cooking on a large scale. 2000 Winter 144/1 This pedigree titfer compensates for its lack of hardshell and venting with a fabulous blend of fake leopard skin and velvety upholstery. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.c1425 adj.1861 |
