单词 | pawn |
释义 | pawnn.1 1. Chess. Any one of the sixteen pieces (eight per player) of smallest size, value, and capability in a game of chess.Pawns are initially set on the second rank. A pawn may move forward one square per move (or two on its first move) into an unoccupied square, or may capture a piece by moving one square diagonally forward. A pawn which reaches the eighth rank can be promoted to any other piece except a king (cf. queen v. 2). Each pawn is identified during play by the file (or file and rank) it currently occupies, either as king's pawn, queen's bishop's pawn, etc., or as a-pawn, h-pawn, etc.See also gambit pawn n. at gambit n. Compounds, hanging pawn n. at hanging adj. Compounds, isolated pawn n. at isolated adj. b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > pieces > pawn pawnc1400 yeoman?1523 c1400 Femina (Trin. Cambr.) (1909) 62 (MED) More loueþ þe archer þe penne of þe pakok Þan in cheker a mat of þe paun [Fr. Qe en escheker mat de paun]. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. i. 75 The fyrst pawne, that is in the playe of the chesse. 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) i. xxii. 27 Whan that a pown seyith to the kyng chekmate! a1500 ( Poems from Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) in F. J. Furnivall Wks. T. Hoccleve: Regement Princes (1897) p. xxvi Shame hath he þat at the cheker pleith Whan þat a powne saith to the kyng, ‘chek mate’. 1562 tr. Damiano da Odemira Pleasaunt Playe of Cheasts sig. Avijv The marchynge forthe of the Paune, for the fyrst tyme, is to make two assaultes or leapes, yf he wyll. 1656 F. Beale tr. G. Greco Royall Game Chesse-play 4 If any Pawne can arriue unto any house of the uppermost ranke of the adversary, you may..make him a Queen. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) 66/2 A Fork or dilemma, is a way of takeing a chesse man, by runing vp a pawn to the rank next two great men of the aduerse part standing in one rank with a house betweene them, where if one be saued, the other wilbe taken. 1735 J. Bertin Noble Game of Chess p. v The king's pawn, the bishop's pawn, and the queen's pawn, must move before the knights. 1789 R. Twiss Chess II. 165 A pawn which was hidden behind a castle checkmated me without mercy. 1890 R. F. Green Chess v. 14 An Open Game is one in which the development is effected chiefly in advance of the pawns. 1941 F. Reinfeld Keres' Best Games of Chess 86/1 Not only winning a Pawn, but devaluating the remaining Black King-side Pawns. 1991 R. Keene Battle of Titans (BNC) 19 The insecure position of White's rook and his b pawn stop White from clinging to his extra material. 2. figurative and in figurative contexts. A person or thing of little value, status, power, etc.; a servile agent, a minion. Now chiefly: a person or thing used by another for his or her own purposes.Frequently used of a person or institution unwittingly or unwillingly involved in a struggle or conflict between two more powerful parties. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > one who is unimportant unknownc1390 pawnc1450 semi-cipher?1550 bauble1570 Jack with the feather1581 nobody1583 winterling1585 squash1600 rush candle1628 niflec1635 nullity1657 nonentity1710 featherweight1812 underscrub1822 nyaff1825 small fish1836 no-account1840 little fish1846 peanut1864 commonplacer1874 sparrow-fart1886 Little Willie1901 pipsqueak1905 nebbish1907 pie-biter1911 blob1916 smallie1930 no-count1932 zilch1933 Mickey Mouse1935 muzhik1945 nerd1951 nothingburger1953 nerk1955 non-person1959 no-mark1982 society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > collateral security > specifically a person warren1608 pawn1834 pawn-slave1899 c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 140 (MED) To destroye it [sc. the church] eche wight setteth too the hond, bothe rook and pown [Fr. paonnet]. 1572 G. Gascoigne Hundred Flowers in Wks. (1587) 90 When deadly hate Did play checke mate With me poore pawne. 1589 J. Lyly Pappe with Hatchet To Father & Two Sonnes sig. A3 If a Martin can play at chestes, as well as his nephewe the ape, he shall knowe what it is for a scaddle pawne, to crosse a Bishop in his owne walke. 1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xv. 497 There is scarce any thing but pawns left upon the board. 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. iii. 8/1 Councillors of State..playing their high chess-game, whereof the pawns are Men. 1870 A. D. T. Whitney We Girls xi. 195 She had put forward a little pawn of compliment toward us. 1884 Labouchere in Fortn. Rev. Feb. 210 The constituencies had been but pawns in the game of rival politicians. 1920 F. S. Fitzgerald This Side of Paradise i. iv. 162 That's all—this is my particular duty. Even if right now I'm just a pawn—just sacrificed. 1969 Year Bk. 1968 61/1 The Canal has become a pawn in the game of international politics. 1995 Guardian 7 Feb. ii. 9/4 Stephen confesses..that in South America he became a pawn in the cocaine trade. Compounds C1. ΚΠ 1883 G. A. MacDonnell Chess Life-pict. 51 A strong pawn-and-two-move player. C2. pawn chain n. Chess an unbroken diagonal line of pawns extending across several adjacent files. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > positions or status of pawns pawn errantc1369 fers1474 passed pawn1777 queen1797 promotion1799 isolated pawn1842 pawn skeleton1915 hanging pawn1927 pawn chain1937 1818 W. S. Kenny Pract. Chess Exercises 45 This is better than breaking his chain of pawns.] 1937 M. Euwe Strategy & Tactics in Chess iii. 50 An immobile sequence of Pawns is called a pawn-chain. 1992 Chess Monthly Sept. 42/1 In order to set the pawn chain in motion, La Bourdonnais does not shrink from sacrificing the exchange. pawn endgame n. Chess an endgame with kings and a pawn or pawns only (sometimes also with one other piece, as rook and pawn endgame, etc.). ΚΠ 1909 Times 14 Sept. 11/2 He had one particular gift—namely, a mastery of the art of pawn end game play. 1991 R. Keene Battle of Titans (BNC) 76 The game was adjourned after 41 moves in a rook and pawn endgame where Kasparov had an extra pawn but the dangerous passed pawn for White on the d-file held the balance. pawn mate n. Chess checkmate by a pawn. ΚΠ 1618 J. Barbier Saul's Famous Game Chesse-play (new ed.) iv. sig. B7 The..King..must eyther remoue himselfe out of the saide Pawnes checke, or if he cannot, it is Pawne-mate. 2002 Washington Post (Nexis) 8 July c10 In 1930 Blake published a different finale of the game, finishing with a pawn mate. pawn skeleton n. Chess the distribution of pawns at any point in a game. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > positions or status of pawns pawn errantc1369 fers1474 passed pawn1777 queen1797 promotion1799 isolated pawn1842 pawn skeleton1915 hanging pawn1927 pawn chain1937 1915 J. Du Mont tr. E. Lasker Chess Strategy iv. 26 Each opening is characterised by a well-defined pawn formation... Naturally the formation of a pawn skeleton is not an independent factor. 1950 R. N. Coles Chess-player's Week-end Bk. 11 If the pawn skeleton remained sound, the game could be continued from one phase to another. pawn storm n. Chess an attack of pawns against a castled king. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > strategy > specific strategies or tactics unpinning1607 defence1614 fork1656 attack1733 backgame1750 castling1813 exchange1823 pin1868 fringe-variation1898 fidation1910 sacrifice1915 unpin1922 pawn storm1926 Siesta variation1935 liquidation1965 sac1965 1926 Brit. Chess Mag. 46 134 Herr Bachmann makes it plain that such ‘modern’ tactics as..the Pawn-storm against the opponent's Castled position..are not ‘modern’ at all. 1993 Chess June 36/3 A rarity in master praxis is the immediate pawn storm, whereby a player refrains from moving pieces in the opening. ΚΠ c1475 in H. J. R. Murray Hist. Chess (1913) 602 Chek wt thy Roke in thy Pon ward. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pawnn.2 Formerly chiefly Scottish. Now Heraldry. A peacock; a representation of a peacock borne as a charge. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > [noun] > paro cristatus (peafowl) > male or peacock poeOE peacockc1175 pawnc1400 pavone1590 bird of Juno1655 c1400 Femina (Trin. Cambr.) (1909) 61 (MED) Mez pluis vault pel de ffoun Qe chaunt dasyne ou de poun: But more ys worþ þe skyn of a foyn Þan songe of asse oþer of pown, i. pane [read paue]. a1450 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (BL Add. 10574) (1975) B. xii. 259 Pownes [c1400 Trin. Cambr. By þe po feet is vnderstande..Executours, false frendes]. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) xxvii. 101 And than suld men ete the best metis..yat thai mycht get..as..perdrix, curleux paouns pluuaris [etc.]. a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 614 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 114 The plesand povne. 1533 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 97 For the feding of ij crannis and the povins in the castell of Striveling. 1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo 728 in Wks. (1931) I The plesand Pown, moste angellyke of hew. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 337 Thair was of meittis..pertrick and plever, duke, Brissill cok and powins. 1627 M. Drayton Moone-calfe in Battaile Agincourt 158 As pyde and garish as the Pawne. 1636 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae (new ed.) 21 The paynted Pawne with Argoes eyes. 1863 C. Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. (ed. 2) x. 62 A Peacock, or Pawne, having its tail displayed, is in its pride. 1969 J. Franklyn & J. Tanner Encycl. Dict. Heraldry 254/2 Paune, an alt. term for the peacock employed chiefly in Scottish blazon. Also spelt ‘pawn’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pawnn.3 1. a. The state or condition of being given or held as a pledge, or as security for the repayment of a loan; chiefly in at pawn, in pawn, †to pawn, etc. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > borrowing money > borrow money [phrase] > in pawn at pawn1431 in pop1819 in (occasionally the) hock1859 on the shelf1859 1431 in J. B. Paul Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1882) II. 43/2 Til haf wedeset and in pawnd layd..my landdis. 1554 Galway Arch. in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 415 Whatsoever platte or silver is lefte or put in paund. c1578 Frobisher in Proc. Rec. Comm. (1833) 562 At Bristo, wher his carde and his se-clothes dyd ly to pawne. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. i. 295 Redeeme from Broking pawne the blemisht Crowne. View more context for this quotation 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. iii. 7 My honor is at pawne, And but my going, nothing can redeeme it. View more context for this quotation 1667 S. Pepys Diary 3 Oct. (1974) VIII. 460 Her plate and jewels are at pawne for money. 1735 S.-Carolina Gaz. 29 Mar. 3/2 The said Gascoyne has several times pawn'd the said Watch, if any person will inform the said Coit and Hunter of its being under a Gascoyne pawn (since advertizd) shall have 50 l. reward. 1781 H. Newdigate Let. July in A. E. Newdigate-Newdegate Cheverels (1898) ii. 26 Don't come to make a Stay, only Just to take me out of Pawn. 1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision I. xi. 45 All who..set their honesty at pawn. 1873 A. Trollope Eustace Diamonds I. i. 4 Miss Greystock wanted a loan sufficient to take the jewels out of pawn. 1960 Blackwood's Mag. July 74 I can only hope that on his way out he will redeem one of the innumerable suits he assures me he has in pawn all over the world. 1991 K. Dayus Where there's Life (ed. 2) 78 All our money was gone and everything was in pawn so Dad had to go to the relief office. b. The action or an act of pawning or pledging something. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > borrowing money > [noun] > act of pawning pignoration1549 limbo1590 pawning1592 impignoration1598 pawnage1624 pop1819 pawn1824 avuncularism1859 mosking1902 1824 J. Galt Rothelan I. i. vi. 57 Certain trinkets which I have here for sale, or pawn. 1883 F. Turner (title) The contract of pawn as it exists at Common Law. 1958 B. Behan Borstal Boy iii. 216 All our mothers had done the pawn—pledging on Monday, releasing on Saturday. 1991 N.Y. Times 11 Sept. c9/1 I did a pawn on a 31-foot Chris Craft. I lent him $10,000. He said he needed it because they were going to foreclose on his house. 2. a. A thing (or person) given into another's keeping as security for a debt or for the performance of some action; a pledge, surety. Now rare.The more usual word now is pledge. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > security > [noun] > a pledge or security > pledge deposit borrowa975 weda1122 security1444 pawn1479 pledge1490 collateral1887 1479 R. Cely Let. 8 Nov. in Cely Lett. (1975) 63 Owre father wyll that ȝe kepe the pawyn in yowr handys tyll tyme that ȝe haue wryttyng from owr father. 1496 in Hist. MSS Comm.: 10th Rep.: App. Pt. V: MSS Marquis of Ormonde &c. (1885) 386 in Parl. Papers (C. 4576-I) XLII. 1 Who so ever takith anny man ys pledge or paun with his own proper hand. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xi. vii. 164 Livinia, the schene may, Quhilk is the pand or plege,..Of peax to be kepit inviolate. 1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor iv. i. sig. K2 We haue no store of monie..but you shall haue good pawnes,..this Iewell, and this gentlemans silke stockins. View more context for this quotation 1605 J. Rosier True Relation sig. C4 Our Captaine..[determined] that I should go on shore first..if he, whom at our first sight of them seemed to be of most respect among them, and being then in the Canoa, would stay as a pawne for me. 1692 J. Dryden Cleomenes iii. i. 30 He must leave behind, for Pawns, His Mother, Wife, and Son. 1736 G. Berkeley Querist: Pt. II (new ed.) §62 Whether this Bank doth not lend Money upon Pawns at low Interest? 1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. i. xv. 105 Tow-wouse, who was a little surprized at the Pawn, said..‘That he was no Judge of the Price of such kind of Goods; and as for Money, he really was very short.’ View more context for this quotation 1849 H. Melville Redburn iv. 33 How much will you let me have for my gun, by way of a pawn? 1875 E. Poste tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis (ed. 2) iii. Comm. 369 If the pawnee buy in the pawn by means of a collusive bidder, the sale is void. 1981 Halsbury's Laws Eng. XXXVI. 65 (note) The Consumer Credit Act 1974 has drawn a new distinction between the thing put into pawn and the rights of the pawnee in that thing, the former being distinguished by ‘pawn’ and the latter by ‘pledge’. 2000 Oxf. American May–June 114/2 He..sends me over to the wardrobe trailer to pick up my ‘cover’..and drop off my voucher (which is held for pawn till you turn in your duds at the end of the day). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > pledge or assurance wordOE costOE earnest1221 fayc1300 certainty1303 wager1306 plighta1325 pledge1371 assurancec1386 undertaking?a1400 faithc1405 surementc1410 to make affiancec1425 earnest pennya1438 warrant1460 trow1515 fidelity1531 stipulation1552 warranty1555 pawn1573 arrha1574 avouchment1574 assumption1590 word of honour1598 avouch1603 assecurance1616 preassurance1635 tower-stamp1642 parole of honour1648 spondence1657 honour1659 1573 Epitaph in A. Wood Oxford (O.H.S.) III. 152 Ten tender babes on me he gate, the pawnes of mariage bed. a1586 in J. Pinkerton Anc. Sc. Poems (1786) 265 My hairt..Quhilk is the gadge and pand Maist suir that I can geif. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. iv. 370 The pretious ashes of the Saints (the pawn for the return of their souls). a1677 T. Manton Pract. Expos. Isaiah (1703) 316 By Christ's Resurrection God giveth us a Pawn and Earnest, as it were, that we may expect the raising of our own Bodies. 1845 R. W. Hamilton Inst. Pop. Educ. vii. 174 As the schoolhouse rises..at the very base of the Rocky Mountains,—there is the emphatic pawn, which that great Republic gives,..of enlightened freedom, extending civilization, and pure religion. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > [noun] > challenge to > token or pledge of challenge gage13.. wedc1330 glovea1400 pledge1590 pawn1597 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. i. 74 If guilty dread haue left thee so much strength, As to take vp mine honours pawne, then stowpe. View more context for this quotation d. In Africa: a person held as a pledge or security for debt, and used as a slave. historical.This practice existed alongside the slave trade in the Gold Coast area, and continued for a time after slavery was abolished. See also pawn-slave n. at Compounds 1b and quot. a1774 at pawnage n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > slave > slave used as a pawn pawn1786 pawn-slave1899 1786 A. Duke Diary 20 Apr. in D. Forde Efik Traders Old Calabar (1956) 95 The[y] want me to give 2 my father son for pown [to] Roonsom the men Eyo Duk was stop for what the[y] owe him. 1837 J. J. H. Burgoyne in R. R. Madden Life Lady Blessington (1855) III. 519 Every English merchant on that coast [sc. Cape Coast Castle] was possessed of a retinue of ‘pawns’ or slaves. 1887 A. B. Ellis Tshi-speaking Peoples xvii. 237 Careful to recount the names of his pawns and slaves, the amounts for which he holds the former. 1931 Jrnl. Afr. Soc. 30 169 When a man pawns his wife or child or relative, such a person is called a free-born pawn. 1995 Jrnl. Afr. Hist. 36 324 In many cases it must have been manifestily obvious that the debtor would never repay the debt and ‘redeem’ the pawn..some of the pawned were simply absorbed into the kin structure of the creditor's household. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [noun] > one who lends money > one with whom pawn deposited > pawnbroker fulker1568 broker1583 uncle1606 pawnbroker1658 lumberer1802 dolly-man1851 pawn1851 nunky1875 Shylock1930 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 109/2 Perhaps they comes to sell to me what the pawns won't take in. 4. Scottish. = pawnshop n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [noun] > pawnshop Lombard1609 lumber1617 lumber-house1677 pawnshop1720 rumbo ken1724 pop-shop1772 spout1819 pawnbrokery1821 dolly-shop1851 pawn1868 hock-shop1871 poverty shop1948 1868 A. M'Kay Lilts 44 Even the duds that your hurdies should screen Ye took to the pawn, and got drunk yestreen! 1897 C. M. Campbell Deilie Jock 11 Near half the plenishing went to the pawn for drink. 1904 ‘H. Foulis’ Erchie xxiii A street that has a public-house at each end o't, and a wee pawn in the middle. 1936 ‘F. O'Connor’ Bones of Contention 39 After the pawn shut they were still there. 1952 Scots Mag. July 288 ‘Whit pawn are ye goin' to?’.. ‘I'll gie ye five bob for it!’ Compounds C1. a. (Sense 2a.) ΚΠ 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Pawne keper, depositarius. 1868 Overland Monthly Nov. 463/1 The world changes every thirty years, and a new set of pawn-keepers appears. pawn-taker n. ΚΠ 1697 View Penal Laws 31 Goods..sold to such Brokers, Frippers or Pawn-takers. 1919 Eng. Hist. Rev. 34 587 An act for reformation of retailing brokers, and other pawn-takers. b. (Sense 2d.) pawn-slave n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > slave > slave used as a pawn pawn1786 pawn-slave1899 society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > collateral security > specifically a person warren1608 pawn1834 pawn-slave1899 1899 M. H. Kingsley W. Afr. Stud. xviii. 435 I have known of several men who, in order to save their family from ruin..have given themselves up as pawn-slaves to their accusers. 1902 Publ. Amer. Econ. Assoc. 3rd Ser. 3 89 Not the master of a pawn-slave, but he who put the person in pawn, is responsible for his actions. pawn system n. ΚΠ 1886 Times 8 Feb. 7/4 His vigilance unmasked what became known at the time as ‘the pawn system’, which turned out to be slavery in all respects carried on under the very eyes of the British authorities. 1962 G. S. Graham MacLean of Gold Coast xiii. 313 He agreed that in some cases the agents of the mission had acted incautiously, and should be warned against placing themselves in the position of purchasers of pawns. He agreed too, that the pawn system was ‘iniquitous’ and could find something ‘praiseworthy’ in Hill's attempts to stamp it out. C2. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [adjective] > relating to pawnbroking > pawned pledged1552 pawned1567 pawn-laid1598 pignorate1674 up the spout1819 pignorated1842 1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. ii. 14 Bearing his paune-layd lands vpon his backe As snayles their shels. pawn party n. now historical a children's game, apparently resembling blind man's buff. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > parlour and party games > [noun] > blind-man's-buff, etc. hoodman-blind1565 hoodwink1574 Hob-man blind1599 blind-man's-buff1600 bob and hit1611 Harry racket1611 blind-bob1783 bond-man-blind1783 jingling match1801 pawn party1831 blind-hob1834 shadow buff1879 Blind Tom1909 1831 H. Smith Festivals Games, & Amusem. (N.Y.) 330 The village and country lasses enjoy their spinning and quilting bevies, singing-schools, and pawn parties, with at least an equal zest. 1952 Amer. Speech 27 47 A pawn party must have been something like blindman's buff. pawn ticket n. a ticket issued by a pawnbroker as a receipt for an article deposited. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [noun] > one who lends money > one with whom pawn deposited > pawnbroker > ticket issued by pawn ticket1683 tombstone1864 1683 London Bully sig. E5 I bethought myself of putting them [sc. clothes] to pawn, and of sending Isabella the Tickets that are usually given by Pawn-Brokers... I caused the Pawn-Tickets to be delivered to Isabella. 1875 W. S. Jevons Money xvii. 201 The..kind of promissory document..represented by bills of lading, pawn-tickets, dock-warrants, [etc.]. 1992 M. J. Staples Sergeant Joe (BNC) 89 She received the watch and chain from the pawnbroker's daughter, together with the new pawn ticket and fivepence. ΚΠ a1652 R. Brome Eng. Moor iii. i. 39 in Five New Playes (1659) Take my keys of all; In my pawn Wardrobe you shall find to fit you. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pawnn.4 Now chiefly historical. A gallery, colonnade, or covered walk; esp. one in a bazaar, market, exchange, etc., within which traders display their goods for sale. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > path or place for walking > [noun] > ambulatory > portico or arcade alurec1325 alley1363 gallerya1500 aluring1501 cloisterc1540 pawn1548 stoa1603 portico1607 row1610 porticus1617 corridor1620 piazza1642 xystus1664 arcade1731 veranda1873 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxv Then the French harder men opened their wares, & made the Taylers hal lyke to the paunde of a marte. 1575 Sir T. Gresham in Wills Doctors' Commons (1863) 59 The bildings called the Royall Exchange, and all pawnes and shopes adjoyninge. 1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 55 If thou but please to walke into the Pawne, To buy thee Cambricke, Callico, or Lawne. 1599 R. Fitch in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 261 This house is fiue and fifty paces in length, and hath three pawnes or walks in it, and forty great pillars gilded, which stand betweene the walks. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 342 To crie out along the Burses, Lombards and Pawnes, That the Commonwealth and all were lost. 1688 London Gaz. No. 2404/4 The West-Pawn of the Royal Exchange, being the Place now prepared for the purpose aforesaid. 1888 W. Besant Fifty Years Ago 35 Jerman's Exchange..had an inner cloister and a ‘pawn’, or gallery..for the sale of fancy goods. 1890 Dict. National Biogr. XXIII. 150/2 The exchange soon became a fashionable lounge for citizens of all classes, and the shops in the upper walk or pawn fetched high rents, and were regarded as one of the sights of London. 1908 Daily Chron. 23 Jan. 4/6 The shops in the ‘pawns,’ or covered walks, had been let with difficulty at reduced rents, and furnished for the occasion with wax lights and attractive wares. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † pawnn.5 Obsolete. rare. = pannage n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > pig fodder > mast mastOE buck-masta1425 acornc1425 pannage?c1425 beech-applec1450 mastage1532 beech-mast1577 buck1664 pawn1664 ovest1866 1664 Spelman's Gloss. Pannagium. Quasi Paunagium, silvestrium enim arborum fructus & glandes quidam pawns vocant. 1672 T. Manley Νομοθετης: Cowell's Interpreter sig. Bbb2b Pannage or Pawnage, Pannagium, Which is that Food that the Swine feed on in the Woods, as Mast of Beech, Acorns, &c. which some have called Pawnes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online December 2020). pawnv. I. To give or deposit as a pledge, etc. 1. transitive. To pledge, stake, wager, or risk (one's life, honour, word, etc.); to give to another as a token or promise. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > security > pledge or deposit as security [verb (transitive)] > one's life, honour, etc. wagec1430 gagec1547 pawna1566 engage1568 wager1640 parole1664 pledge1775 a1566 R. Edwards Damon & Pithias (1571) sig. Divv My lyfe I pawne for his. 1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 iv. ii. 9 I hold it cowardise, To rest mistrustfull where a noble hart, Hath pawnde an open hand in signe of loue. 1606 G. Chapman Monsieur D'Oliue ii. sig. E If I knew where I might pawne mine honor, For some odd thousand Crownes, it shalbe layd. 1653 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis (rev. ed.) i. 17 He will not Pawne his credit for many things that he therin delivers. 1707 Duke of Marlborough Let. 6 June in H. L. Snyder Marlborough–Godolphin Corr. (1975) II. 796 I would pawn my soull there is no reason for itt. 1740 S. Richardson Pamela (1824) I. xvi. 28 I will pawn my life for her, she will never be pert to your honour. 1795 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 785 Here's a little Wadset B—ttle's scrap o' Truth, Pawn'd in a gin-shop, Quenching holy drouth. 1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands (1868) I. vii. 385 I dare pawn my soul. 1949 ‘J. Tey’ Brat Farrar xxiii. 208 Pawning his life to a nymphomaniacal moron. 1997 Herald (Glasgow) 31 Jan. 9 Mr Forsyth's doom awaits him however much he may pawn his country's national honour in his desperate attempt at political survival. 2. literal. a. transitive. To give or deposit (a thing) as security for the payment of a debt or for the performance of some action; spec. to deposit with a pawnbroker as security for money lent. Also (occasionally) intransitive. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > security > pledge or deposit as security [verb (transitive)] setc1000 plight?c1225 lay1297 wagec1330 to lay to borrowc1405 pledgea1475 impledge1548 pawn1570 impawn1598 deposita1640 society > trade and finance > financial dealings > borrowing money > borrow money [verb (transitive)] > pawn to give (also have, lay, put, take) to pledgec1384 to set, put, lay to or in wedc1384 engage1525 pawn1570 to lay (up) in lavender1584 impawn1598 oppignorate1622 pignorate1623 dip1640 to put to lumber1671 vamp1699 pop1731 sweatc1800 spout1811 lumber1819 up the spout1819 hock1878 soak1882 to put away1887 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Diiv/1 To Paune, pignorare. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 340 The king..gart her pand ane hunder crouns and ane tune of wyne wpoun the Inglischemenis handis. 1592 Greenes Groats-worth of Witte sig. E His lands sold, his iewels pawnd. 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iii. vii. 121 The Island he pawned to the Templars for readie money. 1686 London Gaz. No. 2105/4 If already sold or pawn'd,..the money [shall be] return'd for what they are pledg'd for. 1711 J. Swift Lett. (1767) III. 253 He is over head and ears in debt, and has pawned several things. ?a1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 207 They toom'd their pocks, they pawn'd their duds. 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xli. 454 ‘Oh,’ said Mr. Pickwick..‘I understand you. You have pawned your wardrobe.’ 1883 Athenæum 18 Aug. 218/1 The..186 first-class pictures from the Monte di Pietà, where they had been pawned ages ago by destitute aristocratic families. 1955 J. P. Donleavy Ginger Man iii. 24 Change the interest rates in the pawn shops. Lower them? No, make them higher. People shouldn't be pawning anyway. 1989 D. Arkell Ententes Cordiales 18 Rimbaud..caught a boat for Antwerp after pawning two pairs of Verlaine's trousers to pay for the ticket. b. intransitive. Of goods, a possession, etc.: to be capable of raising money if pawned. rare. ΚΠ 1731 E. Thomas Pylades & Corinna sig. D3 Quibus..thus lownged on his golden Dream, till all was imperceptably gone that would pawn or sell, even to the very last Book. a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) II. iii. 51 I'll keep them... They'd pawn for something. ΚΠ 1652 Notable & Pleasant Hist. Knights of Blade 12 These valiant Hectors have the trick (for the conclusion of their mirth) of the pawning the poore Girles for some deep reckoning. 1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 72 This poor man finding himself pawn'd, and not having..money to discharge the reckoning. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew To Pawn any Body, to steal away and leave him..to Pay the Reckoning. 4. transitive. Stock Market. To deposit (stock) with a bank as security. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > deal in stocks and shares [verb (transitive)] > deposit stock with bank pawn1897 1897 Times 10 Apr. 8/1 When money is plentiful..a good deal of stock is pawned with banks. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 866/1 So much stock is ‘pawned’ with banks that the conclusions arrived at by the jobbers from examining only what they are carrying over themselves are liable to be falsified. 1913 Times 6 June 17/4 There are..a good many speculative holders of ‘Can. Pacs.’ who..pawn them with banks, intending to make a profit by selling the shares when they rise. II. To pass off by trickery or misrepresentation. 5. transitive. = palm v. 2. Usually with off, upon. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)] > dispose of fraudulently put1603 to bob off1605 to put off1612 impose1650 palm1679 sham1681 cog1721 slur1749 pawn1763 to play off1768 to pass off1799 to work off1813 to stall off1819 to fob off1894 1763 A. Smith Lect. Rhetoric & Belles Lettres (1963) xxi. 115 The teller of wonderful or lamentable stories is disagreeable because he endeavours to pawn them upon us for true ones. 1787 Minor i. xi. 40 Those qualities which we desire to pawn upon the credulous world. 1832 F. Marryat Newton Forster III. i. 10 He has sent out his..daughters to me—pawned them off upon me. 1874 Thistleton's Illustr. Jolly Giant 25 July 44/2 The ‘Catholic Guardian’..has for some time past pawned off on its gullable readers several communications purporting to be written by a man under the nom de plume of ‘Roscommon’, from London and elsewhere. 1903 C. A. Taylor From Rags to Riches ii, in America's Lost Plays (1940) VIII. 116 ‘I don't know why I ever brought you here.’.. ‘To pawn me off on your uncle as the wife of Albert Cooper.’ 2003 Newsday (Nexis) 7 Sept. d18 Dark comedy-mystery..centering on an extremely dim but charismatic actor who steals the script of his roommate..and pawns it off as his own. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1c1400n.2c1400n.31431n.41548n.51664v.a1566 |
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