peinen.

Brit.

/peɪn/, U.S.

/peɪn/

Forms: 1500s peyn, 1700s– peine.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French peine, Law French peine forte et dure.

Etymology: Ultimately < Middle French peine (French peine) pain n.¹, apparently via Law French in the phrase peine forte et dure (literally ‘severe and hard punishment’), although this is apparently first attested later (1560). Compare Anglo-Norman prison forte et dure (1275 in the first statute of Westminster (3 Edw. 1, c. 12)), and post-classical Latin pena fortis et dura (1312 in a British source), pena dura et fortis (1368 in a British source). Compare earlier pain n.¹

1. Law. Pain, punishment. Originally and chiefly in peine forte et dure: a form of torture used on a prisoner who refused to plead, in which the prisoner's body was pressed with heavy weights until submission or death. Cf. penance n. 2. Now historical.Peine forte et dure was abolished by the Felony and Piracy Act 1772, in which refusal to plead to a charge was made equivalent to pleading guilty.For an Anglicized version of the phrase see pain n.¹ 1c.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > torture > [noun] > pressing with heavy weights

peine1531

1531 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student (new ed.) xli. f. cv He shall haue peyn forte & dure (that is to saye) he shall be pressyd to dethe and he shall there forfeyte his goodes and not his landes.

1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. xxv. 320 He..shall, for his obstinacy, receive the terrible sentence of penance, or peine forte et dure.

1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. (new ed.) I. 416 The ‘peine forte et dure’..was not abolished till the middle of the 18th century.

1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 465/2 A case of peine occurred as lately as 1726. At times tying the thumbs with whipcord was used instead of the peine.

1922 W. S. Holdsworth Hist. Eng. Law I. 327 In fact, the ‘peine’ was made more ‘forte’ and more ‘dure’ as the obstinacy of accused persons increased.

1983 H. R. T. Summerson in E. W. Ives & A. H. Manchester Law, Litigants & Legal Profession 123 When William of Podmore, remanded to peine at Stafford in December 1305, was found to be still alive the following July, his survival led to the sheriff's being suspected of having improperly supplied him with food and drink.

1999 Renaissance No. 13. 44/3 There were numerous variations of the pressing torture. In what was called Peine Forte et Dure (Severe and Hard Punishment), victims were tied spread eagle on the ground (occasionally small sharp stones were placed beneath their backs).

2. figurative. Severe testing or punishment; mental pain or suffering. In quots. only as peine forte et dure (see sense 1).

ΚΠ

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 291 I hope she has had the conscience to make her independent, in consideration of the peine forte et dure to which she subjected her during her life-time.

1915 A. Conan Doyle Valley of Fear i. vii. 133 One had only to look at that granite face to realize that no peine forte et dure would ever force him to plead against his will.

1983 W. N. Rowe Clapp's Rock xx. 345 You'll go to your bed of peine forte et dure without even the consolation I have of one small moment of honour and truth.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	peine
释义	peinen. Brit. /peɪn/, U.S. /peɪn/ Forms: 1500s peyn, 1700s– peine. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French peine, Law French peine forte et dure. Etymology: Ultimately < Middle French peine (French peine) pain n.¹, apparently via Law French in the phrase peine forte et dure (literally ‘severe and hard punishment’), although this is apparently first attested later (1560). Compare Anglo-Norman prison forte et dure (1275 in the first statute of Westminster (3 Edw. 1, c. 12)), and post-classical Latin pena fortis et dura (1312 in a British source), pena dura et fortis (1368 in a British source). Compare earlier pain n.¹ 1. Law. Pain, punishment. Originally and chiefly in peine forte et dure: a form of torture used on a prisoner who refused to plead, in which the prisoner's body was pressed with heavy weights until submission or death. Cf. penance n. 2. Now historical.Peine forte et dure was abolished by the Felony and Piracy Act 1772, in which refusal to plead to a charge was made equivalent to pleading guilty.For an Anglicized version of the phrase see pain n.¹ 1c. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > torture > [noun] > pressing with heavy weights peine1531 1531 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student (new ed.) xli. f. cv He shall haue peyn forte & dure (that is to saye) he shall be pressyd to dethe and he shall there forfeyte his goodes and not his landes. 1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. xxv. 320 He..shall, for his obstinacy, receive the terrible sentence of penance, or peine forte et dure. 1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. (new ed.) I. 416 The ‘peine forte et dure’..was not abolished till the middle of the 18th century. 1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 465/2 A case of peine occurred as lately as 1726. At times tying the thumbs with whipcord was used instead of the peine. 1922 W. S. Holdsworth Hist. Eng. Law I. 327 In fact, the ‘peine’ was made more ‘forte’ and more ‘dure’ as the obstinacy of accused persons increased. 1983 H. R. T. Summerson in E. W. Ives & A. H. Manchester Law, Litigants & Legal Profession 123 When William of Podmore, remanded to peine at Stafford in December 1305, was found to be still alive the following July, his survival led to the sheriff's being suspected of having improperly supplied him with food and drink. 1999 Renaissance No. 13. 44/3 There were numerous variations of the pressing torture. In what was called Peine Forte et Dure (Severe and Hard Punishment), victims were tied spread eagle on the ground (occasionally small sharp stones were placed beneath their backs). 2. figurative. Severe testing or punishment; mental pain or suffering. In quots. only as peine forte et dure (see sense 1). ΚΠ 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 291 I hope she has had the conscience to make her independent, in consideration of the peine forte et dure to which she subjected her during her life-time. 1915 A. Conan Doyle Valley of Fear i. vii. 133 One had only to look at that granite face to realize that no peine forte et dure would ever force him to plead against his will. 1983 W. N. Rowe Clapp's Rock xx. 345 You'll go to your bed of peine forte et dure without even the consolation I have of one small moment of honour and truth. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1531
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