peisantadj.

Brit.

/ˈpeɪznt/,

/ˈpeɪsnt/, U.S.

/ˈpeɪs(ə)nt/

Forms:

α. late Middle English–1500s pesaunt, late Middle English–1500s peysaunt, 1500s pesant, 1500s pessant, 1500s peysant, 1500s–1600s (1900s– archaic) peisant, 1600s peizant; also Scottish pre-1700 paysaunt, pre-1700 pesant; N.E.D. (1904) also records a form late Middle English peysaunt.

β. Scottish pre-1700 paisand, pre-1700 pasand, pre-1700 passand, pre-1700 paysand.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French peisant.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman peisant, peisaunt, pesaunt, Anglo-Norman and Middle French pesant (c1100 in Old French; French pesant ) (of things) heavy, massive (c1100), oppressive, wearisome, difficult (c1100), (of the hand, a blow, etc.) forcible, coming down heavily (12th cent.), (of people) slow, sluggish (1279), use as adjective of present participle of peiser , peser to weigh (see peise v.; compare -ant suffix¹). In β. forms by association with the Older Scots forms of the present participle of peise v. (see forms at that entry). Compare Old Occitan pezan (c1150; Occitan pesant ), Catalan pesant (13th cent.), Spanish pesante (mid 13th cent. or earlier), Portuguese pesante (14th cent.), Italian pesante (a1294). Compare poisant adj.

Now archaic and rare.

1. Having great weight; heavy, massive; forcible, as a heavy blow. archaic and rare after early 16th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > [adjective] > heavy

heavyc1000

unlightc1330

sada1375

chargeousa1382

lumpinga1400

ponderousa1400

weighingc1400

poisant1477

peisant1483

wieldlya1500

weighty1500

peiseda1522

burdenous1529

weightful1530

grave1570

leaden1578

plumbeousa1586

wieldy1592

peisy1599

well-weighing?1615

lead-like1816

hefty1867

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [adjective]

heavyc825

grimc900

strongeOE

hardeOE

drearyOE

eileOE

sweerOE

deara1000

bitterOE

tartc1000

smartOE

unridec1175

sharp?c1225

straitc1275

grievousc1290

fellc1330

shrewda1387

snella1400

unsterna1400

vilea1400

importunea1425

ungainc1425

thrallc1430

peisant1483

sore?a1513

weighty1540

heinous?1541

urgent?1542

asperous?1567

dure1567

spiny1586

searching1590

hoara1600

vengible1601

flinty1613

tugging1642

atrocious1733

uncannya1774

severe1774

stern1830

punishing1833

hefty1867

solid1916

α.

1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) 11 Pledours in worldly courtes hauen tonges lyke to the languet of the balaunce that draweth hym..to the more peysaunt party.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 119 Thei smote on his helme grete strokes and pesaunt.

1520 in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 55 He had seen Your Grace wellde one [sword] more pesaunt then the same.

c1586 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 66 The pesant vecht of his victorius brand.

1608 T. Hudson tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Ivdith ii. 28 in J. Sylvester Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) Yet like the valiant Palme they did sustaine Their peisant weight, redressing vp againe.

1922 E. R. Eddison Worm Ouroboros xiii. 295 He still beareth against Krothering so great and peisant strokes as thick as rain falleth from the sky.

β. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) xxxi. 106 Bot euill wateris ar hevy paysand, and euill hewit.1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. bii^* Pellokis paisand to pase Gapand gunnys of brase.a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vi. vi. 61 Vnder the paysand and the hevy charge.

†2. figurative. Oppressive, toilsome, weighty; (of people) weighed down, sluggish. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > drowsiness > [adjective]

winkinga1000

slummy?c1225

anappedc1300

sleepya1325

heavy1382

slumberyc1386

sleepful1398

peisant1484

slumberous1495

drowsy1530

sleepish1530

sleepery1535

slumberinga1538

somnolent1547

heavy-headed1552

drowsy-headed1576

narrow-eyed1607

soporiferous1607

oscitant1625

nodding1631

Morphean1641

dormious1656

somniculous1656

dozed1659

drowsed1667

peeping1673

dozy1693

peepy1699

somniferous1798

noddy1801

dozing1820

head-nodding1832

snory1837

soporific1841

somnolescent1845

swodder1847

adrowse1848

snoozy1877

slumbersome1884

α.

1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) cxxxiv. 178 He fylle into a slepe, for his hede was ryght pesaunt and heuy.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iii. i. sig. Liiij^v I dyde awayte for to entre in to the thirde partye of this present boke..my wyt, as almost wery of the pesaunt weyght of the labour concernying the two other partyes precedent.

1609 S. Rowlands Knave of Clubbes sig. A 3 As arrant misers as the earth containes, Which with their moyling care, & pessant paines Had scraped thousands.

β. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) Prol. 58 Bot for..grete febilness of body has maid me sa paysand and hevy to trauaile.c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) xxxvi. 119 Yat jn grete weris and paysand materis, he be wele avisit.

Derivatives

† pesantly adv. Obsolete heavily.

ΚΠ

?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. cc.v^v His strokes..were so peysantly on hym sette.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	peisant
释义	peisantadj. Brit. /ˈpeɪznt/, /ˈpeɪsnt/, U.S. /ˈpeɪs(ə)nt/ Forms: α. late Middle English–1500s pesaunt, late Middle English–1500s peysaunt, 1500s pesant, 1500s pessant, 1500s peysant, 1500s–1600s (1900s– archaic) peisant, 1600s peizant; also Scottish pre-1700 paysaunt, pre-1700 pesant; N.E.D. (1904) also records a form late Middle English peysaunt. β. Scottish pre-1700 paisand, pre-1700 pasand, pre-1700 passand, pre-1700 paysand. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French peisant. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman peisant, peisaunt, pesaunt, Anglo-Norman and Middle French pesant (c1100 in Old French; French pesant ) (of things) heavy, massive (c1100), oppressive, wearisome, difficult (c1100), (of the hand, a blow, etc.) forcible, coming down heavily (12th cent.), (of people) slow, sluggish (1279), use as adjective of present participle of peiser , peser to weigh (see peise v.; compare -ant suffix¹). In β. forms by association with the Older Scots forms of the present participle of peise v. (see forms at that entry). Compare Old Occitan pezan (c1150; Occitan pesant ), Catalan pesant (13th cent.), Spanish pesante (mid 13th cent. or earlier), Portuguese pesante (14th cent.), Italian pesante (a1294). Compare poisant adj. Now archaic and rare. 1. Having great weight; heavy, massive; forcible, as a heavy blow. archaic and rare after early 16th cent. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > [adjective] > heavy heavyc1000 unlightc1330 sada1375 chargeousa1382 lumpinga1400 ponderousa1400 weighingc1400 poisant1477 peisant1483 wieldlya1500 weighty1500 peiseda1522 burdenous1529 weightful1530 grave1570 leaden1578 plumbeousa1586 wieldy1592 peisy1599 well-weighing?1615 lead-like1816 hefty1867 the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [adjective] heavyc825 grimc900 strongeOE hardeOE drearyOE eileOE sweerOE deara1000 bitterOE tartc1000 smartOE unridec1175 sharp?c1225 straitc1275 grievousc1290 fellc1330 shrewda1387 snella1400 unsterna1400 vilea1400 importunea1425 ungainc1425 thrallc1430 peisant1483 sore?a1513 weighty1540 heinous?1541 urgent?1542 asperous?1567 dure1567 spiny1586 searching1590 hoara1600 vengible1601 flinty1613 tugging1642 atrocious1733 uncannya1774 severe1774 stern1830 punishing1833 hefty1867 solid1916 α. 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) 11 Pledours in worldly courtes hauen tonges lyke to the languet of the balaunce that draweth hym..to the more peysaunt party. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 119 Thei smote on his helme grete strokes and pesaunt. 1520 in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 55 He had seen Your Grace wellde one [sword] more pesaunt then the same. c1586 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 66 The pesant vecht of his victorius brand. 1608 T. Hudson tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Ivdith ii. 28 in J. Sylvester Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) Yet like the valiant Palme they did sustaine Their peisant weight, redressing vp againe. 1922 E. R. Eddison Worm Ouroboros xiii. 295 He still beareth against Krothering so great and peisant strokes as thick as rain falleth from the sky. β. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) xxxi. 106 Bot euill wateris ar hevy paysand, and euill hewit.1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. bii^* Pellokis paisand to pase Gapand gunnys of brase.a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vi. vi. 61 Vnder the paysand and the hevy charge. †2. figurative. Oppressive, toilsome, weighty; (of people) weighed down, sluggish. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > drowsiness > [adjective] winkinga1000 slummy?c1225 anappedc1300 sleepya1325 heavy1382 slumberyc1386 sleepful1398 peisant1484 slumberous1495 drowsy1530 sleepish1530 sleepery1535 slumberinga1538 somnolent1547 heavy-headed1552 drowsy-headed1576 narrow-eyed1607 soporiferous1607 oscitant1625 nodding1631 Morphean1641 dormious1656 somniculous1656 dozed1659 drowsed1667 peeping1673 dozy1693 peepy1699 somniferous1798 noddy1801 dozing1820 head-nodding1832 snory1837 soporific1841 somnolescent1845 swodder1847 adrowse1848 snoozy1877 slumbersome1884 α. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) cxxxiv. 178 He fylle into a slepe, for his hede was ryght pesaunt and heuy. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iii. i. sig. Liiij^v I dyde awayte for to entre in to the thirde partye of this present boke..my wyt, as almost wery of the pesaunt weyght of the labour concernying the two other partyes precedent. 1609 S. Rowlands Knave of Clubbes sig. A 3 As arrant misers as the earth containes, Which with their moyling care, & pessant paines Had scraped thousands. β. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) Prol. 58 Bot for..grete febilness of body has maid me sa paysand and hevy to trauaile.c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) xxxvi. 119 Yat jn grete weris and paysand materis, he be wele avisit. Derivatives † pesantly adv. Obsolete heavily. ΚΠ ?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. cc.v^v His strokes..were so peysantly on hym sette. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1483
随便看	to back the find to back the oars to back the squares to back up to back water to badinage away to baffle out of to baffle out or away to bag a brace to bag it to bag school to bag up to bail out to bake in to bake out to bake the miller's eye out to balance one's account to balance one's accounts to bale up to ball it up to ball the jack to ball up to ballot for to bamboozle away to bamboozle into