pentagonaladj.n.

Brit.

/pɛnˈtaɡənl/,

/pɛnˈtaɡn̩l/, U.S.

/pɛnˈtæɡən(ə)l/

Forms: 1500s–1600s pentagonall, 1600s– pentagonal.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pentagonalis.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin pentagonalis having five angles (mid 13th cent.) < classical Latin pentagōnum pentagon n. + -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French pentagonal (1520 as †penthagonal , c1400 as †penthagonel ), Italian pentagonale (1564). Compare pentagon adj. and slightly later Pentagonian adj.

A. adj.

a. Of a plane figure: having the form of a pentagon; five-sided. Also: of or relating to a pentagon or pentagons.The Pentagonall figure referred to in quot. 1612 is a pentagram.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [adjective] > polygonal > pentagonal

five-squared1535

five-square1552

cinquangled1557

pentagonal?a1560

pentagon1570

pentelater1571

quinquangle1590

Pentagonian1598

quinquangled1636

quinquangular1636

pentangular1661

quintangular1687

pentelateral1728

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > two-dimensional > pentagonal

cinquangled1557

pentagonal?a1560

pentagon1570

pentelater1571

quinquangle1590

Pentagonian1598

quinquangled1636

quinquangular1636

pentangular1661

quintangular1687

pentelateral1728

pentagonoid1882

?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) ii. ix. sig. M iv ^v The Area of this pentagonall superficies.

1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion ix. Illustr. 154 The supposed..Druttenfuss, i. a Pentagonall figure, ingrauen with Ὑγιεια or Ὑγεια,..in Germany they reckon for a preseruatiue against Hobgoblins.

1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 728 A second round made up of eleven pentagonal plates.

1748 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 4) II. v. 287 These walls inclose but a small compass, of a pentagonal form.

1835 J. H. Ingraham South-west I. ii. xxiii. 252 The barracks..are handsome and commodious, constructed around a pentagonal area—four noble buildings forming four sides, while the fifth is open.

1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palæontol. 110 Order 11 Asteroidea,..the body is star-shaped or pentagonal, and consists of a central ‘disc’, surrounded by five or more lobes or ‘arms’.

1951 J. Lees-Milne Tudor Renaissance ix. 122 Vignola's pentagonal plan..was necessitated by the foundations of the pre-existing medieval castle upon which it was built.

1986 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 108 319/2 Any structure of 12 pentagonal rings and 20 hexagonal rings..constitutes a roughly spherical molecule.

b. Of a solid figure or body: having a pentagon as a cross-section or base.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > three-dimensional > with particular section or base > pentagonal

pentagonal1570

pentagonary1658

pentagonous1661

1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. xi. f. 314 If the base be a Pentagon, then is it a Pentagonall or fiueangled Pyramis.

1771 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1769 68 Great columns of stone..regularly pentagonal or hexagonal.

1840 D. Lardner Treat. Geom. 232 A regular pentagonal pyramid.

1874 R. Brown Man. Bot. i. 120 Some descriptive botanists..talk about trigonal, tetragonal, pentagonal stems, and so on, when there are three, four, five, or other obtuse angles.

1973 R. G. Krueger et al. Introd. Microbiol. xix. 532/1 The 92 capsomeres are closely packed and appear as pentagonal or hexagonal columnar prisms.

c. Of a solid figure: having pentagonal plane faces; contained by pentagons.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > three-dimensional > having faces of particular shape

trapezoidal1794

trapezoidiform1826

rhombohedric1830

pentagonal1837

trapezohedral1849

trigonal1878

1837 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. i. ii. 26 (heading) Hemi-tetrahexahedron, or pentagonal dodecahedron.

1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. §177 The pentagonal icositetrahedron (or twenty-four-pentagonohedron).

1945 R. P. Wodehouse Hayfever Plants iii. 100 12 equal pentagonal faces, corresponding to those of a pentagonal dodecahedron.

1993 Biochem. 32 5629/1 In electron micrographs the inner core of the complex has the appearance of a pentagonal dodecahedron.

2. Mathematics pentagonal number n. any of the series of polygonal numbers (see polygonal adj. 2) 1, 5, 12, 22, 35, 51, 70, 92, etc., obtained by continued summation of the arithmetical series 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, etc., each of which can be represented according to a certain rule by a pattern of dots in the form of a regular pentagon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > sequence > series > of polygonal numbers

pentagonal number1670

triangular numbers1706

pentagonal1795

1670 J. Collins Let. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) II. 196 It is likewise a pentagonal number, or composed of two, three, four, or five pentagonal numbers.

1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 957/2 A very general and remarkable property of polygonal numbers was discovered by Fermat..:—Every number whatever is the sum of one, two, or three triangular numbers; the sum of one, two, three, or four squares; the sum of one, two, three, four, or five pentagonal numbers; and so on.

2002 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 26 Apr. 24 A Year 5/6 class who were being introduced to pentagonal numbers.

B. n.

Mathematics. A pentagonal number. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > sequence > series > of polygonal numbers

pentagonal number1670

triangular numbers1706

pentagonal1795

1795 C. Hutton Math. & Philos. Dict. at Polygonal Numbers The Angles, or Numbers of Angles, are the same as those of the figure... So the angles..of the pentagonals are 5, of the hexagonals 6, and so on.

1979 Two-Year College Math. Jrnl. 10 317 (note) The hexagonal numbers are shown by adding triangular numbers to the side opposite the ‘roof’ or the pentagonals.

Derivatives

penˈtagonally adv. in the form of a pentagon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adverb] > other two-dimensional form

concentrically1647

pentagonally1658

sexangularly1681

octagonally1753

concentricly1818

the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [adverb] > polygon > pentagon

pentagonally1658

1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 139 The flowers before explication are pentagonally wrapped up, with some resemblance of the blatta or moth.

1808 J. Hurdis Poems 40 See where the sky-blue periwinkle climbs..Pentagonally form'd, to mock the skill Of proud geometers.

1985 G. L. J. Paterson Deep-sea Ophiuroidea N. Atlantic Ocean (BNC) 68 In pentagonally shaped plates there is often a distal tongue or lobe slightly lower than the rest of the plate.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pentagonal
释义	pentagonaladj.n. Brit. /pɛnˈtaɡənl/, /pɛnˈtaɡn̩l/, U.S. /pɛnˈtæɡən(ə)l/ Forms: 1500s–1600s pentagonall, 1600s– pentagonal. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pentagonalis. Etymology: < post-classical Latin pentagonalis having five angles (mid 13th cent.) < classical Latin pentagōnum pentagon n. + -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French pentagonal (1520 as †penthagonal , c1400 as †penthagonel ), Italian pentagonale (1564). Compare pentagon adj. and slightly later Pentagonian adj. A. adj. 1. a. Of a plane figure: having the form of a pentagon; five-sided. Also: of or relating to a pentagon or pentagons.The Pentagonall figure referred to in quot. 1612 is a pentagram. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [adjective] > polygonal > pentagonal five-squared1535 five-square1552 cinquangled1557 pentagonal?a1560 pentagon1570 pentelater1571 quinquangle1590 Pentagonian1598 quinquangled1636 quinquangular1636 pentangular1661 quintangular1687 pentelateral1728 the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > two-dimensional > pentagonal cinquangled1557 pentagonal?a1560 pentagon1570 pentelater1571 quinquangle1590 Pentagonian1598 quinquangled1636 quinquangular1636 pentangular1661 quintangular1687 pentelateral1728 pentagonoid1882 ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) ii. ix. sig. M iv ^v The Area of this pentagonall superficies. 1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion ix. Illustr. 154 The supposed..Druttenfuss, i. a Pentagonall figure, ingrauen with Ὑγιεια or Ὑγεια,..in Germany they reckon for a preseruatiue against Hobgoblins. 1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 728 A second round made up of eleven pentagonal plates. 1748 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 4) II. v. 287 These walls inclose but a small compass, of a pentagonal form. 1835 J. H. Ingraham South-west I. ii. xxiii. 252 The barracks..are handsome and commodious, constructed around a pentagonal area—four noble buildings forming four sides, while the fifth is open. 1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palæontol. 110 Order 11 Asteroidea,..the body is star-shaped or pentagonal, and consists of a central ‘disc’, surrounded by five or more lobes or ‘arms’. 1951 J. Lees-Milne Tudor Renaissance ix. 122 Vignola's pentagonal plan..was necessitated by the foundations of the pre-existing medieval castle upon which it was built. 1986 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 108 319/2 Any structure of 12 pentagonal rings and 20 hexagonal rings..constitutes a roughly spherical molecule. b. Of a solid figure or body: having a pentagon as a cross-section or base. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > three-dimensional > with particular section or base > pentagonal pentagonal1570 pentagonary1658 pentagonous1661 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. xi. f. 314 If the base be a Pentagon, then is it a Pentagonall or fiueangled Pyramis. 1771 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1769 68 Great columns of stone..regularly pentagonal or hexagonal. 1840 D. Lardner Treat. Geom. 232 A regular pentagonal pyramid. 1874 R. Brown Man. Bot. i. 120 Some descriptive botanists..talk about trigonal, tetragonal, pentagonal stems, and so on, when there are three, four, five, or other obtuse angles. 1973 R. G. Krueger et al. Introd. Microbiol. xix. 532/1 The 92 capsomeres are closely packed and appear as pentagonal or hexagonal columnar prisms. c. Of a solid figure: having pentagonal plane faces; contained by pentagons. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > three-dimensional > having faces of particular shape trapezoidal1794 trapezoidiform1826 rhombohedric1830 pentagonal1837 trapezohedral1849 trigonal1878 1837 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. i. ii. 26 (heading) Hemi-tetrahexahedron, or pentagonal dodecahedron. 1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. §177 The pentagonal icositetrahedron (or twenty-four-pentagonohedron). 1945 R. P. Wodehouse Hayfever Plants iii. 100 12 equal pentagonal faces, corresponding to those of a pentagonal dodecahedron. 1993 Biochem. 32 5629/1 In electron micrographs the inner core of the complex has the appearance of a pentagonal dodecahedron. 2. Mathematics pentagonal number n. any of the series of polygonal numbers (see polygonal adj. 2) 1, 5, 12, 22, 35, 51, 70, 92, etc., obtained by continued summation of the arithmetical series 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, etc., each of which can be represented according to a certain rule by a pattern of dots in the form of a regular pentagon. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > sequence > series > of polygonal numbers pentagonal number1670 triangular numbers1706 pentagonal1795 1670 J. Collins Let. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) II. 196 It is likewise a pentagonal number, or composed of two, three, four, or five pentagonal numbers. 1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 957/2 A very general and remarkable property of polygonal numbers was discovered by Fermat..:—Every number whatever is the sum of one, two, or three triangular numbers; the sum of one, two, three, or four squares; the sum of one, two, three, four, or five pentagonal numbers; and so on. 2002 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 26 Apr. 24 A Year 5/6 class who were being introduced to pentagonal numbers. B. n. Mathematics. A pentagonal number. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > sequence > series > of polygonal numbers pentagonal number1670 triangular numbers1706 pentagonal1795 1795 C. Hutton Math. & Philos. Dict. at Polygonal Numbers The Angles, or Numbers of Angles, are the same as those of the figure... So the angles..of the pentagonals are 5, of the hexagonals 6, and so on. 1979 Two-Year College Math. Jrnl. 10 317 (note) The hexagonal numbers are shown by adding triangular numbers to the side opposite the ‘roof’ or the pentagonals. Derivatives penˈtagonally adv. in the form of a pentagon. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adverb] > other two-dimensional form concentrically1647 pentagonally1658 sexangularly1681 octagonally1753 concentricly1818 the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [adverb] > polygon > pentagon pentagonally1658 1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 139 The flowers before explication are pentagonally wrapped up, with some resemblance of the blatta or moth. 1808 J. Hurdis Poems 40 See where the sky-blue periwinkle climbs..Pentagonally form'd, to mock the skill Of proud geometers. 1985 G. L. J. Paterson Deep-sea Ophiuroidea N. Atlantic Ocean (BNC) 68 In pentagonally shaped plates there is often a distal tongue or lobe slightly lower than the rest of the plate. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.?a1560
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