† pentarchn.

Forms: 1700s pentarche, 1700s–1800s pentarch.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: penta- comb. form, -arch comb. form¹.

Etymology: < penta- comb. form + -arch comb. form¹, after pentarchy n. Compare post-classical Latin pentarchum (1685 in the passage translated in quot. 1793). Compare also Byzantine Greek πένταρχος commander of five men.For an isolated borrowing of Byzantine Greek πένταρχος compare:1656 T. Blount Glossographia Pentarck..a Captain of five men. N.E.D. (1905) gives the pronunciation as (pe·ntaɹk) /ˈpɛntɑːk/.

Obsolete.

A member of a pentarchy; one of a group of five rulers.In quot. 1713 probably = pentarchy n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun] > of a part of a country

tetrarch1610

pentarch1713

heptarch1822

triarch1886

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > joint ruler > [noun] > one of specific number of

quartermaster1541

duumvir1600

quarter-ruler1610

tetrarcha1661

decemvir1703

quadrumvir1790

pentarch1798

duarch1848

decarch1852

dodecarch1882

1713 C. Johnson Successful Pyrate iv. i. 45 Jolly. We are all five to be Rulers, to have an equal share in the Government—What is that hard Word you call it, Piracquo? Pir. A Pentarche.

1793 J. Hely tr. R. O'Flaherty Ogygia I. 62 None of the pentarchs under that title assumed the dominion of the whole island [sc. Ireland].

1798 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. 27 500 To substitute a monarch for the pentarchs of the present constitution.

1856 J. O'Mahony tr. G. Keating Hist. Ireland 455 Each king of Ireland was bound to maintain his own special Ollamnh, and..each pentarch king and district chieftain was bound to maintain one likewise.

1887 Littell's Living Age 11 June 644 The three other Pentarchs have been considering during the last few weeks whether they shall ask for embassies as supporters of the government.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

pentarchadj.

Brit.

/ˈpɛntɑːk/, U.S.

/ˈpɛnˌtɑrk/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: penta- comb. form, -arch comb. form².

Etymology: < penta- comb. form + -arch comb. form², after German pentarch (1877 in the passage translated in quot. 1884).

Botany.

Having five points of xylem differentiation or protoxylem strands.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [adjective] > having particular number of points of origin

heptarch1884

octarch1884

oligarch1884

pentarch1884

polyarch1884

tetrarch1884

triarch1884

hexarch1900

1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 348 The xylem is triarch to pentarch and octarch.

1914 M. Drummond tr. G. Haberlandt Physiol. Plant Anat. vii. 352 It is customary to discriminate between diarch, tetrarch, pentarch, hexarch and polyarch bundles.

1965 P. Bell & D. Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. (new ed.) i. iv. 170 Pentarch..and hexarch roots also occur.

1990 Ann. Bot. 66 313 Most of the roots had tetrarch xylem, although a few triarch and pentarch roots were also observed.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pentarch
释义	† pentarchn. Forms: 1700s pentarche, 1700s–1800s pentarch. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: penta- comb. form, -arch comb. form¹. Etymology: < penta- comb. form + -arch comb. form¹, after pentarchy n. Compare post-classical Latin pentarchum (1685 in the passage translated in quot. 1793). Compare also Byzantine Greek πένταρχος commander of five men.For an isolated borrowing of Byzantine Greek πένταρχος compare:1656 T. Blount Glossographia Pentarck..a Captain of five men. N.E.D. (1905) gives the pronunciation as (pe·ntaɹk) /ˈpɛntɑːk/. Obsolete. A member of a pentarchy; one of a group of five rulers.In quot. 1713 probably = pentarchy n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun] > of a part of a country tetrarch1610 pentarch1713 heptarch1822 triarch1886 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > joint ruler > [noun] > one of specific number of quartermaster1541 duumvir1600 quarter-ruler1610 tetrarcha1661 decemvir1703 quadrumvir1790 pentarch1798 duarch1848 decarch1852 dodecarch1882 1713 C. Johnson Successful Pyrate iv. i. 45 Jolly. We are all five to be Rulers, to have an equal share in the Government—What is that hard Word you call it, Piracquo? Pir. A Pentarche. 1793 J. Hely tr. R. O'Flaherty Ogygia I. 62 None of the pentarchs under that title assumed the dominion of the whole island [sc. Ireland]. 1798 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. 27 500 To substitute a monarch for the pentarchs of the present constitution. 1856 J. O'Mahony tr. G. Keating Hist. Ireland 455 Each king of Ireland was bound to maintain his own special Ollamnh, and..each pentarch king and district chieftain was bound to maintain one likewise. 1887 Littell's Living Age 11 June 644 The three other Pentarchs have been considering during the last few weeks whether they shall ask for embassies as supporters of the government. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online December 2020). pentarchadj. Brit. /ˈpɛntɑːk/, U.S. /ˈpɛnˌtɑrk/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: penta- comb. form, -arch comb. form². Etymology: < penta- comb. form + -arch comb. form², after German pentarch (1877 in the passage translated in quot. 1884). Botany. Having five points of xylem differentiation or protoxylem strands. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [adjective] > having particular number of points of origin heptarch1884 octarch1884 oligarch1884 pentarch1884 polyarch1884 tetrarch1884 triarch1884 hexarch1900 1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 348 The xylem is triarch to pentarch and octarch. 1914 M. Drummond tr. G. Haberlandt Physiol. Plant Anat. vii. 352 It is customary to discriminate between diarch, tetrarch, pentarch, hexarch and polyarch bundles. 1965 P. Bell & D. Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. (new ed.) i. iv. 170 Pentarch..and hexarch roots also occur. 1990 Ann. Bot. 66 313 Most of the roots had tetrarch xylem, although a few triarch and pentarch roots were also observed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1713adj.1884
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