pentarchyn.

Brit.

/ˈpɛntɑːki/, U.S.

/ˈpɛnˌtɑrki/

Forms: 1500s–1600s pentarchie, 1600s pemptarchie (transmission error), 1600s– pentarchy.

Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek πενταρχία.

Etymology: < ancient Greek πενταρχία a rule of five, with reference to the magistracy of the five at Carthage ( < πεντα- penta- comb. form + -αρχία -archy comb. form); perhaps via Middle French, French pentarchie (1372–4 as pentharchie). Compare post-classical Latin pentarchia one of five divisions of a country (early 13th cent.).With sense 1c compare German Pentarchie (1839 in a work title in this sense).

1. A group of five leaders or rulers.

a. A group or league of five provinces, sees, kingdoms, etc., each under its own ruler; the rulers of these collectively. Now chiefly historical.Applied spec. to the ancient kingdoms of Ireland (Ulster, Meath, Leinster, Munster, and Connacht), and to the five sees of the patriarchate of the early Christian church.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction or territory of specific rulers or nobles > [noun] > of king or royal ruler > group of kingdoms

heptarchy1576

pentarchy1587

tetrarchya1640

polyarchy1648

triarchy1660

hexarchy1799

octarchy1799

1587 R. Holinshed et al. Hist. Eng. (new ed.) ii. viii. 15/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I The monarchie or sole gouernement of the Iland became a pentarchie, that is, it was diuided betwixt fiue kings.

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. vi. 462/1 Dermot Mac Murgh (in that time of the Irish Pentarchie, or fiue-fold Kingdome) hauing secretly stolne away the wife of Rotherick.

1799 S. Turner Hist. Anglo-Saxons I. ii. vi. 253 East Anglia made it a tetrarchy; Essex a pentarchy.

1875 Catholic World Jan. 509/2 Tuathal..reorganized the government, founded the Irish Pentarchy, [etc.].

1904 Geogr. Jrnl. 23 781 Thus down to the reign of James I..the provincial divisions corresponded closely with the limits of the five ancient kingdoms sometimes called the Irish Pentarchy.

1999 Britannica Online (Version 99.1) at Patriarch Five patriarchates, collectively called the pentarchy, were the first to be recognized by the legislation of the emperor Justinian.

b. A governing body made up of five people, organizations, political parties, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > government by specific number of rulers > [noun] > by five

pentarchy1661

1661 Sir A. Haslerig's Last Will & Test. 3 Though I stood ever a profest enemy unto Monarchy, I appeared a constant Zealot for a Pentarchy.

1711 J. Swift Examiner 25 Jan. A picture..representing five persons as large as the life, sitting in council together like a pentarchy.

1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon III. ii. 61 The inconvenience of this pentarchy.

1888 Harper's Mag. Jan. 180/2 In the face of the new enemy, the groups of the Left abandoned their occasional hostility to one another, and formed a close alliance, popularly known as the ‘Pentarchy’.

1968 Jrnl. Inter-Amer. Stud. 10 363 The Directorio agreed to Céspedes' overthrow and named five members to form a Pentarchy or Executive Commission to head a provisional government.

1996 W. Fowler Authoritarianism in Lat. Amer. 76 The NCOs and the DEU joined forces on the 4th and 5th of September to create the Pentarchy and the new government.

c. A group or confederation of five leading nations.Originally applied to the ‘five great powers’ (France, Great Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia) which dominated European politics in the mid 19th cent.

ΚΠ

1848 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 15 596 The country has..risen to form one of the great European pentarchy.

1871 Echo 27 Jan. Some writer lately deplored the dissolution of the great European Pentarchy.

1988 Pacific Rev. 1 455/1 China and Japan are clearly in the ‘pentarchy’ of the future.

2003 World News Connection (Nexis) 28 Apr. It is clear that a world forum of nations will continue to exist, but it will not necessarily have to be the charge of a perpetual and inalterable pentarchy.

2. figurative. A group or association of five related or dominant persons or things.Formerly used of the five senses.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > five > [noun] > group of five

quinary1598

pentarchy1607

quintetto1773

quintuple1785

quintuplet1795

quintet1833

quince1907

quintuplicatea1940

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > joint ruler > [noun] > one of specific number of > set of specific number of

triumvirate1584

triumvirship1597

triumviry1598

decemvir1600

pentarchy1607

triumvir1619

decarchya1638

decemvirate1651

tetrarchy1716

decadarchy1849

triarchy1859

triarchate1881

1607 T. Tomkis Lingua iii. v. sig. F3 My name is Appetitus, Common seruant to the Pentarchy of the senses.

1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island v. xxxviii. 56 Auditus, second of the Pemptarchie.

1855 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity VI. xiv. iii. 449 What may be called the supreme Pentarchy of Scholasticism [sc. Aquinas, Bonaventura, Albertus Magnus, Duns Scotus, Ockham].

2001 Evening Standard (Nexis) 11 Apr. 13 The whole business of food production, distribution and sales has become dominated to an unprecedented extent by this pentarchy of big supermarket groups.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pentarchy
释义	pentarchyn. Brit. /ˈpɛntɑːki/, U.S. /ˈpɛnˌtɑrki/ Forms: 1500s–1600s pentarchie, 1600s pemptarchie (transmission error), 1600s– pentarchy. Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek πενταρχία. Etymology: < ancient Greek πενταρχία a rule of five, with reference to the magistracy of the five at Carthage ( < πεντα- penta- comb. form + -αρχία -archy comb. form); perhaps via Middle French, French pentarchie (1372–4 as pentharchie). Compare post-classical Latin pentarchia one of five divisions of a country (early 13th cent.).With sense 1c compare German Pentarchie (1839 in a work title in this sense). 1. A group of five leaders or rulers. a. A group or league of five provinces, sees, kingdoms, etc., each under its own ruler; the rulers of these collectively. Now chiefly historical.Applied spec. to the ancient kingdoms of Ireland (Ulster, Meath, Leinster, Munster, and Connacht), and to the five sees of the patriarchate of the early Christian church. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction or territory of specific rulers or nobles > [noun] > of king or royal ruler > group of kingdoms heptarchy1576 pentarchy1587 tetrarchya1640 polyarchy1648 triarchy1660 hexarchy1799 octarchy1799 1587 R. Holinshed et al. Hist. Eng. (new ed.) ii. viii. 15/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I The monarchie or sole gouernement of the Iland became a pentarchie, that is, it was diuided betwixt fiue kings. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. vi. 462/1 Dermot Mac Murgh (in that time of the Irish Pentarchie, or fiue-fold Kingdome) hauing secretly stolne away the wife of Rotherick. 1799 S. Turner Hist. Anglo-Saxons I. ii. vi. 253 East Anglia made it a tetrarchy; Essex a pentarchy. 1875 Catholic World Jan. 509/2 Tuathal..reorganized the government, founded the Irish Pentarchy, [etc.]. 1904 Geogr. Jrnl. 23 781 Thus down to the reign of James I..the provincial divisions corresponded closely with the limits of the five ancient kingdoms sometimes called the Irish Pentarchy. 1999 Britannica Online (Version 99.1) at Patriarch Five patriarchates, collectively called the pentarchy, were the first to be recognized by the legislation of the emperor Justinian. b. A governing body made up of five people, organizations, political parties, etc. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > government by specific number of rulers > [noun] > by five pentarchy1661 1661 Sir A. Haslerig's Last Will & Test. 3 Though I stood ever a profest enemy unto Monarchy, I appeared a constant Zealot for a Pentarchy. 1711 J. Swift Examiner 25 Jan. A picture..representing five persons as large as the life, sitting in council together like a pentarchy. 1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon III. ii. 61 The inconvenience of this pentarchy. 1888 Harper's Mag. Jan. 180/2 In the face of the new enemy, the groups of the Left abandoned their occasional hostility to one another, and formed a close alliance, popularly known as the ‘Pentarchy’. 1968 Jrnl. Inter-Amer. Stud. 10 363 The Directorio agreed to Céspedes' overthrow and named five members to form a Pentarchy or Executive Commission to head a provisional government. 1996 W. Fowler Authoritarianism in Lat. Amer. 76 The NCOs and the DEU joined forces on the 4th and 5th of September to create the Pentarchy and the new government. c. A group or confederation of five leading nations.Originally applied to the ‘five great powers’ (France, Great Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia) which dominated European politics in the mid 19th cent. ΚΠ 1848 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 15 596 The country has..risen to form one of the great European pentarchy. 1871 Echo 27 Jan. Some writer lately deplored the dissolution of the great European Pentarchy. 1988 Pacific Rev. 1 455/1 China and Japan are clearly in the ‘pentarchy’ of the future. 2003 World News Connection (Nexis) 28 Apr. It is clear that a world forum of nations will continue to exist, but it will not necessarily have to be the charge of a perpetual and inalterable pentarchy. 2. figurative. A group or association of five related or dominant persons or things.Formerly used of the five senses. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > five > [noun] > group of five quinary1598 pentarchy1607 quintetto1773 quintuple1785 quintuplet1795 quintet1833 quince1907 quintuplicatea1940 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > joint ruler > [noun] > one of specific number of > set of specific number of triumvirate1584 triumvirship1597 triumviry1598 decemvir1600 pentarchy1607 triumvir1619 decarchya1638 decemvirate1651 tetrarchy1716 decadarchy1849 triarchy1859 triarchate1881 1607 T. Tomkis Lingua iii. v. sig. F3 My name is Appetitus, Common seruant to the Pentarchy of the senses. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island v. xxxviii. 56 Auditus, second of the Pemptarchie. 1855 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity VI. xiv. iii. 449 What may be called the supreme Pentarchy of Scholasticism [sc. Aquinas, Bonaventura, Albertus Magnus, Duns Scotus, Ockham]. 2001 Evening Standard (Nexis) 11 Apr. 13 The whole business of food production, distribution and sales has become dominated to an unprecedented extent by this pentarchy of big supermarket groups. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1587
随便看	phasianoid phasianomorphic phasic phasically phasing phasing down phasing in phasing out phasis phasitron phasm phasma phasmata phasmid phasmids phasms phason phasor phassachate phat phatagin phatic phatic communion phatically phatter