peregrineadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈpɛrᵻɡrɪn/, U.S.

/ˈpɛrəɡr(ə)n/

Forms:

α. Middle English peregryn, Middle English–1600s peregryne, 1500s perrygryne, 1500s– peregrin, 1500s– peregrine, 1600s perigrine.

β. 1500s pelegryne; Scottish pre-1700 pelegrin.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin peregrīnus.

Etymology: < classical Latin peregrīnus (adjective) coming from foreign parts, foreign, alien, exotic, concerned with foreigners or aliens, (noun) foreigner, free resident having no rights of citizenship, in post-classical Latin also (adjective) on a pilgrimage, (noun) pilgrim (5th cent.) < peregrē , peregrī (adverb) abroad, to or from foreign parts ( < a first element of disputed origin (perhaps per- per- prefix) + ager field, territory, land, country (see acre n.); the form peregrē may represent an alteration, after -ē , suffix forming adverbs, of peregrī , with second element representing an original locative) + -īnus -ine suffix¹. Compare Anglo-Norman peregrin (adjective) migratory, foreign (first half of the 12th cent.), Anglo-Norman and Middle French peregrin (noun, rare) pilgrim, traveller (14th cent., also as peligrin ), exiled person (1596; French pérégrin free foreign inhabitant of ancient Rome: compare sense B. 3b). With the β forms compare pelerin n. and also pilgrim n.The earlier English borrowing of Latin peregrīnus , via Anglo-Norman and Old French, is pilgrim n. In English the word is found first in peregrine falcon . With this term, compare post-classical Latin falco peregrinus (c1200, a1446 in British sources), Middle French faucon peregrin (mid 14th cent.; French faucon pérégrin (rare); compare Old French, Middle French faucon pelerin (c1265), French faucon pèlerin ), Italian falcone pellegrino (13th cent.); compare also Middle High German bilgerīnvalke (German †Pilgrimfalke , †Pilgerfalke , now known as Wanderfalke (17th cent.)). The peregrine falcon is a migratory bird and is so called because the young were not, like the eyas, taken from the nest (which is usually built on an inaccessible crag or precipice), but caught on their migration or ‘pilgrimage’ Compare:c1265 B. Latini Li livres dou tresor (1863) cl. 202 Faucons que om apele pelerins, por ce que nus ne trueve son nif, ains est pris aussi comme en pelerinage. This concept is also reflected in a number of later English terms: pilgrim falcon, pilgrim hawk at pilgrim n. 6, passage hawk n. at passage n. Compounds 2, passager n. In quot. c1395 for peregrine falcon n. at sense A. 1 with punning allusion to classical Latin peregrīnus foreigner.

A. adj.

1. peregrine falcon n. (also †falcon peregrine) a powerful falcon, Falco peregrinus, of cosmopolitan distribution, breeding chiefly on mountains and cliffs and much valued for falconry on account of its fast and spectacular flight; spec. (Falconry) the female of this bird (cf. falcon n. 1a, falcon-gentle n.).There are numerous local races or subspecies, some of which have sometimes been regarded as distinct species (e.g. in the U.S. F. peregrinus anatum, the duck hawk). In Falconry, and frequently in Ornithology, it is considered more correct to use the name peregrine only (see sense B. 1), the term peregrine falcon being reserved for the female.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > [noun] > family Falconidae > genus Falco (falcon) > falco peregrinus (peregrine falcon)

falcona1250

peregrine falconc1395

peregrine1555

haggard1567

passenger1575

pilgrim1792

duck-hawk1884

c1395 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 428 A faukon peregryn[v.r. peregryne] thanne semed she Of fremde land.

1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. diii^v (MED) Ther is a Fawken peregryne, And that is for an Erle.

1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. xlvi. 159 Fawcons pelegrynes, that haue stande and rested longe on the perche hath grete desyre to flye abrode.

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 123 Of all kinde of hawkes.., as Sacres, Gerfalcons, peregrine Falcons, and Vilanes.

1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 79 It is said to be lesser than a Peregrine Falcon.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth V. 121 The peregrine falcon does not moult till the middle of August.

1843 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Birds I. 32 The great docility of the Peregrine Falcon, and the comparative ease with which the birds are procured, has rendered them the most frequent objects of the falconer's care and tuition.

1875 W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 139 These precipices are frequented by the peregrine falcon.

1917 T. G. Pearson Birds of Amer. II. 87 Duck Hawk. Falco peregrinus anatum. Peregrine falcon; American Peregrine.

1966 M. Woodford Man. Falconry (ed. 2) 190 Flying weights of trained hawks... Peregrine falcon..1 lb. 15 oz. to 2 lb. 2 oz. Peregrine tiercel..1 lb. 4 oz. to 1 lb. 7 oz.

1991 Times 2 Jan. 5/7 The population of the peregrine falcon, nearly driven to extinction in the Fifties and Sixties, now stands at more than 900 pairs.

a. Foreign; outlandish, strange; imported from abroad. Also occasionally: extraneous to the matter in hand. Now somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > relevance or pertinence > [adjective] > irrelevant

foreigna1393

unpertinentc1400

impertinentc1450

peregrine1532

far-fet1533

exorbitant1534

unrelevant1558

stravagant1565

fremd1581

unappliable1588

misapplied1596

immaterial1598

far-fetched1607

misdevoted1623

unappertaining1645

irrelativea1657

inapposite1661

unconcerned1683

scandalous1750

uncentral1782

irrelevant1786

tangent1787

inappertinent1814

unappropriate1818

tangential1867

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad > of or relating to a foreign land

un-i-cundeeOE

althedisheOE

althedyOE

elelendisha1000

fremda1000

outlandishOE

strange1297

outenc1300

unkindc1300

outlandsc1330

foreign?1435

outland1488

peregrine1532

uncouth1533

forinsecal1539

exterior1540

extern1543

unnative1568

uplandish1586

external1587

tramontane1596

exotical1601

estranged1614

undenizened1635

extra-marine1639

outlanding1643

ultramarine1656

transmontane1727

forinsec service1728

foreigneering1806

trans-oceanic1827

vilayati1843

alienized1860

oversea1881

overwater1889

overseas1892

furrin1895

non-native1932

1532 L. Cox Art or Crafte Rhetoryke sig. B.iv^v Other..prohemes, whiche..are nat set out of the very mater it selfe,..are called peregrine or straunge prohemes.

c1540 Pilgrim's Tale 188 in F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) App. i. 82 I toke him to be a straunger;..we ware both perrygryne.

1574 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Familiar Epist. 258 You aske me histories so straunge and peregrine: that my wittes may not in any wyse but needes go on pilgrimage.

1631 W. Lisle Faire Æthiopian x. 171 Your colour, here so peregrine, Doth plainly shew you can be none of mine.

1679 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 3) xxiv. 119 Our Damasco-Plum, Quince, Medlar, Figue,..as well as..several other Peregrine trees.

1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. Pref. p. xxv Matters of so peregrine and grotesk a Nature as this [History].

1842 T. P. Thompson Exercises I. 333 Some persons have declared the style of the author [sc. Bentham] to be..occasionally peregrine and difficult.

1893 Working Men's College Jrnl. Oct. 259 In my own small garden I have four peregrine species of grass.

1992 P. Kumar Policing for New Age 71 The constabulary..finds the intricacies of civil and comme il faut comportance rather peregrine to its gout.

2015 J. Lezra in J. Tylus & K. Newman Early Mod. Cultures Transl. vii. 170 Cervantes..has sacrificed to this culturally deterministic model of translation..the very peregrine form of translational modernity.

b. peregrine tone n. [after post-classical Latin tonus peregrinus (1490 or earlier)] rare one of the tones used in Gregorian plainsong in the recitation of Psalm 114 (113 in the Vulgate), and later adapted as an Anglican chant.Sometimes explained as sense A. 4 with reference to the reciting note, which changes (‘wanders’) halfway through: see New Oxf. Compan. Music (1983) at Tonus.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > chanted > plainchant > tone > specific tone

peregrine tone1609

mixed tone1844

1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus 35 There is another Tone, which many call the Peregrine, or strange Tone,..it is very seldome vsed in our Harmony.

1855 W. Morris Let. 10 Aug. (1950) 14 On the Sunday.., when a great deal of the psalms were sung to the Peregrine tone.

1996 R. M. Wilson Anglican Chant & Chanting ii. 35 Lowe noted that the peregrine tone was ‘anciently used at Salisbury’ for Ps. 136.

3. Astrology. Of a planet: situated in a part of the zodiac where it has none of its essential dignities (dignity n. 5). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [adjective] > planet > peregrine

peregrine1583

1583 J. Harvey Astrol. Addition sig. C4 Mercurie..being withal infortunately seated..to witte, in the ninth house (for he is there peregrine, and deuoyde of all his essentiall dignities).

1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant 1st Prol. sig. A3^v Venus the Lady of that House I find Is Peregrine.

1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Decanate,..attributed to some particular Planet, which being therein, shall be said to have one Dignity, and consequently cannot be Peregrine.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) A Planet is said to be peregrine, when found in a Sign or Place of Heaven, where it has none of its five Essential Dignities, viz. House, Exaltation, Triplicity, Term, or Face.

1819 J. Wilson Compl. Dict. Astrol. 168 The lord of the house being combust, retrograde or peregrine.

1974 J. Broglio tr. A. Volguine Lunar Astrol. xx. 54 All the traditions agree on the good influence of the Moon in this part of the heavens, even though it is considered peregrine in Sagittarius.

1998 Observer (Nexis) 26 July 39 There is much talk of the ‘dignities’ of the planets to determine how powerful they are, of whether they are ‘peregrine’, ‘exalted’ or ‘applying’.

4. Travelling; wandering. Formerly also: on a pilgrimage; travelling as a pilgrim. Also figurative of a spirit: that travels far; free.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > traveller > [adjective] > in foreign lands

peregrinec1599

globetrotting1877

c1599 Preserv. Henry VII i. p. iii Therefore I leaue thee my booke, friendles alone to depart: Like Peregrine pilgrime traueling but meane in aparel.

1655 M. Carter Anal. Honor in Honor Rediv. 119 Certain peregrine Christians going to visit the Holy Sepulchre.

1658 F. Osborne Advice to Son in Wks. (1673) 55 I am not much unwilling to give way to peregrine motion for a time.

1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 25 The whole army of peregrine martyrs; more especially those travellers who set out upon their travels..under the direction of governors.

1894 Dict. National Biogr. at Melville, Andrew The Linlithgow Parliament of 1585 restored the ‘peregrine’ ministers to their places.

1912 H. Church Poems 112 I would not re-create the spell Thrown on the spirit peregrine by monk..or medicine-man.

1969 G. M. Brown Orkney Tapestry 82 A single stroke took him flush on the forehead; and, a peregrine spirit, he shook this world from him.

1994 C. McCarthy Crossing 149 He carried his bible beneath his arm. Like the peregrine minister of some paltry sect.

5. peregrine praetor n. [after classical Latin praetor peregrīnus] Roman Law a second praetor appointed at Rome to administer justice between peregrines (see sense B. 3a), or between Roman citizens and peregrines.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > in ancient Rome

recuperator1654

peregrine praetor1880

1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes i. 3 The two praetors, the urban and the peregrin.

1933 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 27 225 Roman law, despite the peregrine praetor and the earliest jus gentium, dealt primarily with citizens.

1980 B. Caven Punic Wars 99 The senate had sent into the area the peregrine praetor.

1992 Harvard Stud. Classical Philol. 94 414 The peregrine praetor seems to have shed his original role of overseas provincial governor.

B. n.

1. = peregrine falcon n. at sense A. 1 (see note there).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > [noun] > family Falconidae > genus Falco (falcon) > falco peregrinus (peregrine falcon)

falcona1250

peregrine falconc1395

peregrine1555

haggard1567

passenger1575

pilgrim1792

duck-hawk1884

1555 R. Eden tr. P. Giovio Libellus de legatione Basilii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 283^v There are also ierfalcons, sakers, and peregrines, whiche were vnknowen to the ancient princes.

1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion v. Illustr. 85 Whether these here are the Haggarts (which they call Peregrin's) or Falcon-gentles, I am no such Falconer to argue; but this I know, that the reason of the name of Peregrin's is giuen, for that they com from remote and vnknowne places.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Shrop. 4 The Aryes of Pembrook-shire, where Perigrines did plentifully breed.

1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. II. 359 Excellent Faulcons, called Peregrins.

1834 R. Mudie Feathered Tribes Brit. Islands I. 87 The peregrine is exceedingly bold and daring.

1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake II. i. 7 Out of the reeds..shot the peregrine.

1903 Geogr. Jrnl. 22 497 I noticed also a fishing-eagle, kites.., buzzards.., and peregrines, chats [etc.].

1955 Sci. Amer. Apr. 107/2 The peregrine in its ‘stoop’ attains 175 miles an hour, the highest speed ever recorded for a bird.

1995 Daily Tel. 18 Oct. 18/6 The saker is the preferred falcon in the Gulf, not the peregrine.

2. A pilgrim; a traveller in a foreign country. Also (in quot. 1657): an emigrant; an exile. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > pilgrimage > [noun] > one who makes

pilgrimc1225

palmerc1300

pelerina1350

pilgrimera1475

peregrine1570

pilgrimagerc1650

visitant1698

palmer-man1885

society > travel > aspects of travel > traveller > [noun] > in foreign lands

traveller1556

peregrine1570

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 468/1 In the which yeare were numbred of peregrines goyng in, and commyng out euery day at Rome, to the estimation of fiue thousand.

1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes ix. vii. §1 Here [i.e. at Mecca] we found a maruellous number of Strangers, and Peregrines or Pilgrims.

1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iii. ii. 76 The story of an Outlandish Peregrine, or Traveller.

1657 N. Billingsley Brachy-martyrologia vii. 165 Many godle-minded English fly To Friez land, Cleaveland, Basil.., The number of these Peregrines encreas'd Unto eight hundred persons.

1931 P. S. Allen Medieval Lat. Lyrics iv. 80 Irish soldiers for Christ and adventure—classical scholars, pilgrims and peregrines.

1934 Tablet 14 July 37/2 To know that the Holy Sacrifice was no more offered in glorious temples built for the Mass in the Ages of Faith was dismal for Catholic peregrins.

2002 R. J. Waller Thousand Country Roads Ded. Once more, for the peregrines, the strangers, last cowboys.

†a. A person residing permanently or temporarily in a foreign country; an immigrant. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > [noun] > non-native inhabitant

alien?a1400

out-comelingc1400

strangerc1460

free denizen1551

denizen1576

peregrine1593

inmatea1600

outcomer1607

resident alien1801

metic1808

expatriate1818

international1851

offcome1859

overrunner1876

aubain1882

offcomer1898

non-native1899

outworlder1948

transplant1961

expat1962

non-patrial1971

1593 T. Bilson Perpetual Govt. Christes Church 7 Isaac and Iacob soiourned as strangers and peregrines first in the land of Canaan.

a1656 J. Ussher Ann. World (1658) vi. 430 They were peregrines and strangers in the land of the Jews.

1675 J. Crowne Countrey Wit iii. 47b The great favours and honours you were pleas'd to confer on me, who am but a Peregrine.

b. Roman History. A free resident in ancient Rome having no rights of citizenship; a foreign inhabitant. Cf. sense A. 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of ancient or medieval Europe > ancient Romans > [noun] > native or inhabitant of ancient Rome > specific type of

aerarian1828

aerarian tribune1836

peregrine1880

1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes i. 26 If a woman who is a Roman citizen has by mistake married a peregrin as if he also were a citizen, she is permitted to prove cause of error.

1903 W. W. Willoughby Poltical Theories Anc. World xvii. 266 There is no evidence that jus gentium was ever applied..to any peregrines except those who were subjects of Rome.

1976 J. A. C. Thomas Textbk. Rom. Law 407 Peregrines had no general access to citizenship.

2000 Canad. Jrnl. Hist. (Nexis) Aug. The coastal cities of Sabratha, Oea, and Lepcis, which were not Roman colonial foundations but independent peregrine communities.

4. Usually with capital initial. A red-skinned variety of peach with white flesh, developed in Herefordshire, England, in 1903.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > stone fruit > [noun] > peach > other types of peach

avant-peach1611

melocoton1611

man peach1629

nutmeg1629

muscat1664

Portugal peach1664

Modena1674

nipple peach1719

peachlet1877

peregrine1903

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > peach > types of peach

presse1604

avant-peach1611

man peach1629

nutmeg1629

Roman peach1629

muscat1664

Rambouillet1664

winter peach1664

rumbullion1670

Orleans1674

pavie1675

Magdalenea1678

minion1691

admirable1693

maudlin1699

clingstone1705

nipple peach1719

rareripe1722

melter1766

vanguard1786

freestone1807

cling1845

lemon cling1848

peregrine1903

doughnut peach1993

1903 Jrnl. Royal Hort. Soc. 28 p. cxcii Award of Merit... To Peach ‘Peregrine’..from Messrs. Rivers, Sawbridgeworth.

1958 Listener 20 Nov. 853/3 The most outstanding variety of peach is Peregrine.

1998 People (Nexis) 6 Sept. Buy a plant of proven variety, like my choice, Peregrine, which ripens in August and does well under glass and in the open.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	peregrine
释义	peregrineadj.n. Brit. /ˈpɛrᵻɡrɪn/, U.S. /ˈpɛrəɡr(ə)n/ Forms: α. Middle English peregryn, Middle English–1600s peregryne, 1500s perrygryne, 1500s– peregrin, 1500s– peregrine, 1600s perigrine. β. 1500s pelegryne; Scottish pre-1700 pelegrin. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin peregrīnus. Etymology: < classical Latin peregrīnus (adjective) coming from foreign parts, foreign, alien, exotic, concerned with foreigners or aliens, (noun) foreigner, free resident having no rights of citizenship, in post-classical Latin also (adjective) on a pilgrimage, (noun) pilgrim (5th cent.) < peregrē , peregrī (adverb) abroad, to or from foreign parts ( < a first element of disputed origin (perhaps per- per- prefix) + ager field, territory, land, country (see acre n.); the form peregrē may represent an alteration, after -ē , suffix forming adverbs, of peregrī , with second element representing an original locative) + -īnus -ine suffix¹. Compare Anglo-Norman peregrin (adjective) migratory, foreign (first half of the 12th cent.), Anglo-Norman and Middle French peregrin (noun, rare) pilgrim, traveller (14th cent., also as peligrin ), exiled person (1596; French pérégrin free foreign inhabitant of ancient Rome: compare sense B. 3b). With the β forms compare pelerin n. and also pilgrim n.The earlier English borrowing of Latin peregrīnus , via Anglo-Norman and Old French, is pilgrim n. In English the word is found first in peregrine falcon . With this term, compare post-classical Latin falco peregrinus (c1200, a1446 in British sources), Middle French faucon peregrin (mid 14th cent.; French faucon pérégrin (rare); compare Old French, Middle French faucon pelerin (c1265), French faucon pèlerin ), Italian falcone pellegrino (13th cent.); compare also Middle High German bilgerīnvalke (German †Pilgrimfalke , †Pilgerfalke , now known as Wanderfalke (17th cent.)). The peregrine falcon is a migratory bird and is so called because the young were not, like the eyas, taken from the nest (which is usually built on an inaccessible crag or precipice), but caught on their migration or ‘pilgrimage’ Compare:c1265 B. Latini Li livres dou tresor (1863) cl. 202 Faucons que om apele pelerins, por ce que nus ne trueve son nif, ains est pris aussi comme en pelerinage. This concept is also reflected in a number of later English terms: pilgrim falcon, pilgrim hawk at pilgrim n. 6, passage hawk n. at passage n. Compounds 2, passager n. In quot. c1395 for peregrine falcon n. at sense A. 1 with punning allusion to classical Latin peregrīnus foreigner. A. adj. 1. peregrine falcon n. (also †falcon peregrine) a powerful falcon, Falco peregrinus, of cosmopolitan distribution, breeding chiefly on mountains and cliffs and much valued for falconry on account of its fast and spectacular flight; spec. (Falconry) the female of this bird (cf. falcon n. 1a, falcon-gentle n.).There are numerous local races or subspecies, some of which have sometimes been regarded as distinct species (e.g. in the U.S. F. peregrinus anatum, the duck hawk). In Falconry, and frequently in Ornithology, it is considered more correct to use the name peregrine only (see sense B. 1), the term peregrine falcon being reserved for the female. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > [noun] > family Falconidae > genus Falco (falcon) > falco peregrinus (peregrine falcon) falcona1250 peregrine falconc1395 peregrine1555 haggard1567 passenger1575 pilgrim1792 duck-hawk1884 c1395 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 428 A faukon peregryn[v.r. peregryne] thanne semed she Of fremde land. 1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. diii^v (MED) Ther is a Fawken peregryne, And that is for an Erle. 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. xlvi. 159 Fawcons pelegrynes, that haue stande and rested longe on the perche hath grete desyre to flye abrode. 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 123 Of all kinde of hawkes.., as Sacres, Gerfalcons, peregrine Falcons, and Vilanes. 1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 79 It is said to be lesser than a Peregrine Falcon. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth V. 121 The peregrine falcon does not moult till the middle of August. 1843 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Birds I. 32 The great docility of the Peregrine Falcon, and the comparative ease with which the birds are procured, has rendered them the most frequent objects of the falconer's care and tuition. 1875 W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 139 These precipices are frequented by the peregrine falcon. 1917 T. G. Pearson Birds of Amer. II. 87 Duck Hawk. Falco peregrinus anatum. Peregrine falcon; American Peregrine. 1966 M. Woodford Man. Falconry (ed. 2) 190 Flying weights of trained hawks... Peregrine falcon..1 lb. 15 oz. to 2 lb. 2 oz. Peregrine tiercel..1 lb. 4 oz. to 1 lb. 7 oz. 1991 Times 2 Jan. 5/7 The population of the peregrine falcon, nearly driven to extinction in the Fifties and Sixties, now stands at more than 900 pairs. 2. a. Foreign; outlandish, strange; imported from abroad. Also occasionally: extraneous to the matter in hand. Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > relevance or pertinence > [adjective] > irrelevant foreigna1393 unpertinentc1400 impertinentc1450 peregrine1532 far-fet1533 exorbitant1534 unrelevant1558 stravagant1565 fremd1581 unappliable1588 misapplied1596 immaterial1598 far-fetched1607 misdevoted1623 unappertaining1645 irrelativea1657 inapposite1661 unconcerned1683 scandalous1750 uncentral1782 irrelevant1786 tangent1787 inappertinent1814 unappropriate1818 tangential1867 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad > of or relating to a foreign land un-i-cundeeOE althedisheOE althedyOE elelendisha1000 fremda1000 outlandishOE strange1297 outenc1300 unkindc1300 outlandsc1330 foreign?1435 outland1488 peregrine1532 uncouth1533 forinsecal1539 exterior1540 extern1543 unnative1568 uplandish1586 external1587 tramontane1596 exotical1601 estranged1614 undenizened1635 extra-marine1639 outlanding1643 ultramarine1656 transmontane1727 forinsec service1728 foreigneering1806 trans-oceanic1827 vilayati1843 alienized1860 oversea1881 overwater1889 overseas1892 furrin1895 non-native1932 1532 L. Cox Art or Crafte Rhetoryke sig. B.iv^v Other..prohemes, whiche..are nat set out of the very mater it selfe,..are called peregrine or straunge prohemes. c1540 Pilgrim's Tale 188 in F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) App. i. 82 I toke him to be a straunger;..we ware both perrygryne. 1574 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Familiar Epist. 258 You aske me histories so straunge and peregrine: that my wittes may not in any wyse but needes go on pilgrimage. 1631 W. Lisle Faire Æthiopian x. 171 Your colour, here so peregrine, Doth plainly shew you can be none of mine. 1679 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 3) xxiv. 119 Our Damasco-Plum, Quince, Medlar, Figue,..as well as..several other Peregrine trees. 1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. Pref. p. xxv Matters of so peregrine and grotesk a Nature as this [History]. 1842 T. P. Thompson Exercises I. 333 Some persons have declared the style of the author [sc. Bentham] to be..occasionally peregrine and difficult. 1893 Working Men's College Jrnl. Oct. 259 In my own small garden I have four peregrine species of grass. 1992 P. Kumar Policing for New Age 71 The constabulary..finds the intricacies of civil and comme il faut comportance rather peregrine to its gout. 2015 J. Lezra in J. Tylus & K. Newman Early Mod. Cultures Transl. vii. 170 Cervantes..has sacrificed to this culturally deterministic model of translation..the very peregrine form of translational modernity. b. peregrine tone n. [after post-classical Latin tonus peregrinus (1490 or earlier)] rare one of the tones used in Gregorian plainsong in the recitation of Psalm 114 (113 in the Vulgate), and later adapted as an Anglican chant.Sometimes explained as sense A. 4 with reference to the reciting note, which changes (‘wanders’) halfway through: see New Oxf. Compan. Music (1983) at Tonus. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > chanted > plainchant > tone > specific tone peregrine tone1609 mixed tone1844 1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus 35 There is another Tone, which many call the Peregrine, or strange Tone,..it is very seldome vsed in our Harmony. 1855 W. Morris Let. 10 Aug. (1950) 14 On the Sunday.., when a great deal of the psalms were sung to the Peregrine tone. 1996 R. M. Wilson Anglican Chant & Chanting ii. 35 Lowe noted that the peregrine tone was ‘anciently used at Salisbury’ for Ps. 136. 3. Astrology. Of a planet: situated in a part of the zodiac where it has none of its essential dignities (dignity n. 5). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [adjective] > planet > peregrine peregrine1583 1583 J. Harvey Astrol. Addition sig. C4 Mercurie..being withal infortunately seated..to witte, in the ninth house (for he is there peregrine, and deuoyde of all his essentiall dignities). 1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant 1st Prol. sig. A3^v Venus the Lady of that House I find Is Peregrine. 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Decanate,..attributed to some particular Planet, which being therein, shall be said to have one Dignity, and consequently cannot be Peregrine. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) A Planet is said to be peregrine, when found in a Sign or Place of Heaven, where it has none of its five Essential Dignities, viz. House, Exaltation, Triplicity, Term, or Face. 1819 J. Wilson Compl. Dict. Astrol. 168 The lord of the house being combust, retrograde or peregrine. 1974 J. Broglio tr. A. Volguine Lunar Astrol. xx. 54 All the traditions agree on the good influence of the Moon in this part of the heavens, even though it is considered peregrine in Sagittarius. 1998 Observer (Nexis) 26 July 39 There is much talk of the ‘dignities’ of the planets to determine how powerful they are, of whether they are ‘peregrine’, ‘exalted’ or ‘applying’. 4. Travelling; wandering. Formerly also: on a pilgrimage; travelling as a pilgrim. Also figurative of a spirit: that travels far; free. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > traveller > [adjective] > in foreign lands peregrinec1599 globetrotting1877 c1599 Preserv. Henry VII i. p. iii Therefore I leaue thee my booke, friendles alone to depart: Like Peregrine pilgrime traueling but meane in aparel. 1655 M. Carter Anal. Honor in Honor Rediv. 119 Certain peregrine Christians going to visit the Holy Sepulchre. 1658 F. Osborne Advice to Son in Wks. (1673) 55 I am not much unwilling to give way to peregrine motion for a time. 1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 25 The whole army of peregrine martyrs; more especially those travellers who set out upon their travels..under the direction of governors. 1894 Dict. National Biogr. at Melville, Andrew The Linlithgow Parliament of 1585 restored the ‘peregrine’ ministers to their places. 1912 H. Church Poems 112 I would not re-create the spell Thrown on the spirit peregrine by monk..or medicine-man. 1969 G. M. Brown Orkney Tapestry 82 A single stroke took him flush on the forehead; and, a peregrine spirit, he shook this world from him. 1994 C. McCarthy Crossing 149 He carried his bible beneath his arm. Like the peregrine minister of some paltry sect. 5. peregrine praetor n. [after classical Latin praetor peregrīnus] Roman Law a second praetor appointed at Rome to administer justice between peregrines (see sense B. 3a), or between Roman citizens and peregrines. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > in ancient Rome recuperator1654 peregrine praetor1880 1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes i. 3 The two praetors, the urban and the peregrin. 1933 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 27 225 Roman law, despite the peregrine praetor and the earliest jus gentium, dealt primarily with citizens. 1980 B. Caven Punic Wars 99 The senate had sent into the area the peregrine praetor. 1992 Harvard Stud. Classical Philol. 94 414 The peregrine praetor seems to have shed his original role of overseas provincial governor. B. n. 1. = peregrine falcon n. at sense A. 1 (see note there). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > [noun] > family Falconidae > genus Falco (falcon) > falco peregrinus (peregrine falcon) falcona1250 peregrine falconc1395 peregrine1555 haggard1567 passenger1575 pilgrim1792 duck-hawk1884 1555 R. Eden tr. P. Giovio Libellus de legatione Basilii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 283^v There are also ierfalcons, sakers, and peregrines, whiche were vnknowen to the ancient princes. 1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion v. Illustr. 85 Whether these here are the Haggarts (which they call Peregrin's) or Falcon-gentles, I am no such Falconer to argue; but this I know, that the reason of the name of Peregrin's is giuen, for that they com from remote and vnknowne places. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Shrop. 4 The Aryes of Pembrook-shire, where Perigrines did plentifully breed. 1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. II. 359 Excellent Faulcons, called Peregrins. 1834 R. Mudie Feathered Tribes Brit. Islands I. 87 The peregrine is exceedingly bold and daring. 1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake II. i. 7 Out of the reeds..shot the peregrine. 1903 Geogr. Jrnl. 22 497 I noticed also a fishing-eagle, kites.., buzzards.., and peregrines, chats [etc.]. 1955 Sci. Amer. Apr. 107/2 The peregrine in its ‘stoop’ attains 175 miles an hour, the highest speed ever recorded for a bird. 1995 Daily Tel. 18 Oct. 18/6 The saker is the preferred falcon in the Gulf, not the peregrine. 2. A pilgrim; a traveller in a foreign country. Also (in quot. 1657): an emigrant; an exile. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > pilgrimage > [noun] > one who makes pilgrimc1225 palmerc1300 pelerina1350 pilgrimera1475 peregrine1570 pilgrimagerc1650 visitant1698 palmer-man1885 society > travel > aspects of travel > traveller > [noun] > in foreign lands traveller1556 peregrine1570 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 468/1 In the which yeare were numbred of peregrines goyng in, and commyng out euery day at Rome, to the estimation of fiue thousand. 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes ix. vii. §1 Here [i.e. at Mecca] we found a maruellous number of Strangers, and Peregrines or Pilgrims. 1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iii. ii. 76 The story of an Outlandish Peregrine, or Traveller. 1657 N. Billingsley Brachy-martyrologia vii. 165 Many godle-minded English fly To Friez land, Cleaveland, Basil.., The number of these Peregrines encreas'd Unto eight hundred persons. 1931 P. S. Allen Medieval Lat. Lyrics iv. 80 Irish soldiers for Christ and adventure—classical scholars, pilgrims and peregrines. 1934 Tablet 14 July 37/2 To know that the Holy Sacrifice was no more offered in glorious temples built for the Mass in the Ages of Faith was dismal for Catholic peregrins. 2002 R. J. Waller Thousand Country Roads Ded. Once more, for the peregrines, the strangers, last cowboys. 3. †a. A person residing permanently or temporarily in a foreign country; an immigrant. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > [noun] > non-native inhabitant alien?a1400 out-comelingc1400 strangerc1460 free denizen1551 denizen1576 peregrine1593 inmatea1600 outcomer1607 resident alien1801 metic1808 expatriate1818 international1851 offcome1859 overrunner1876 aubain1882 offcomer1898 non-native1899 outworlder1948 transplant1961 expat1962 non-patrial1971 1593 T. Bilson Perpetual Govt. Christes Church 7 Isaac and Iacob soiourned as strangers and peregrines first in the land of Canaan. a1656 J. Ussher Ann. World (1658) vi. 430 They were peregrines and strangers in the land of the Jews. 1675 J. Crowne Countrey Wit iii. 47b The great favours and honours you were pleas'd to confer on me, who am but a Peregrine. b. Roman History. A free resident in ancient Rome having no rights of citizenship; a foreign inhabitant. Cf. sense A. 5. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of ancient or medieval Europe > ancient Romans > [noun] > native or inhabitant of ancient Rome > specific type of aerarian1828 aerarian tribune1836 peregrine1880 1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes i. 26 If a woman who is a Roman citizen has by mistake married a peregrin as if he also were a citizen, she is permitted to prove cause of error. 1903 W. W. Willoughby Poltical Theories Anc. World xvii. 266 There is no evidence that jus gentium was ever applied..to any peregrines except those who were subjects of Rome. 1976 J. A. C. Thomas Textbk. Rom. Law 407 Peregrines had no general access to citizenship. 2000 Canad. Jrnl. Hist. (Nexis) Aug. The coastal cities of Sabratha, Oea, and Lepcis, which were not Roman colonial foundations but independent peregrine communities. 4. Usually with capital initial. A red-skinned variety of peach with white flesh, developed in Herefordshire, England, in 1903. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > stone fruit > [noun] > peach > other types of peach avant-peach1611 melocoton1611 man peach1629 nutmeg1629 muscat1664 Portugal peach1664 Modena1674 nipple peach1719 peachlet1877 peregrine1903 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > peach > types of peach presse1604 avant-peach1611 man peach1629 nutmeg1629 Roman peach1629 muscat1664 Rambouillet1664 winter peach1664 rumbullion1670 Orleans1674 pavie1675 Magdalenea1678 minion1691 admirable1693 maudlin1699 clingstone1705 nipple peach1719 rareripe1722 melter1766 vanguard1786 freestone1807 cling1845 lemon cling1848 peregrine1903 doughnut peach1993 1903 Jrnl. Royal Hort. Soc. 28 p. cxcii Award of Merit... To Peach ‘Peregrine’..from Messrs. Rivers, Sawbridgeworth. 1958 Listener 20 Nov. 853/3 The most outstanding variety of peach is Peregrine. 1998 People (Nexis) 6 Sept. Buy a plant of proven variety, like my choice, Peregrine, which ripens in August and does well under glass and in the open. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.c1395
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