peltan.

Brit.

/ˈpɛltə/, U.S.

/ˈpɛltə/

Inflections: Plural peltae, peltas.

Forms: 1600s– pelta, 1900s– pelte.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pelta.

Etymology: < classical Latin pelta a light, often crescent-shaped shield < ancient Greek πέλτη a small light shield of leather, of uncertain origin.In form pelte after ancient Greek πέλτη . With sense 2a compare peltate adj.¹ and slightly earlier pelt n.⁴ 2, peltated adj.

a. Classical History. A light shield, typically crescent-shaped but sometimes small and round, associated esp. with Thracians and Amazons, but adopted by a number of Greek armies in the late 5th or 4th centuries. See also peltast n.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > [noun] > small

bucklera1300

rondelc1300

targeta1400

roundel1538

rundle1562

rondache1591

pelta1600

pelt1617

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxviii. v. 670 The Peltæ are certaine small bucklers or targuets, nothing unlike unto the Spanish Cetræ.

a1719 J. Addison Dialogues Medals in Wks. (1721) I. ii. 522 On the left arm of Smyrna, is the Pelta or Buckler of the Amazons.

1784 W. Mitford Hist. Greece I. vi. 226 They then took a smaller shield, termed Pelta; and hence arose a middle order of soldiers between the heavy and the light-armed, called Peltastæ, who carried missile weapons, yet were not incapable of close fight.

1849 G. Grote Hist. Greece VI. ii. xlix. 294 Lightly armed with javelins,..and the pelta or small shield.

1899 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 3 422 The remains of the shield, though they suggest a pelta, could belong to a round shield in a partly edgewise position.

1959 W. Oakeshott Classical Inspiration in Medieval Art i. 8 Dido's pelta and her short spear..stand at the entrance to the cave.

1969 J. G. P. Best Thracian Peltasts iv. 102 The light pelte..protected the body while allowing the wearer more freedom of movement.

1994 R. A. Gabriel & D. W. Boose Great Battles Antiq. v. 134 This new mercenary soldier carried a light, crescent-shaped shield made of wicker and covered with hide (the pelta).

b. Architecture and Archaeology. An ornamental motif resembling a pelta (sense 1a) in shape. See also Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] > others

popinjay1322

serpent1388

moss-work1600

flame1602

frostwork1631

damask branch1634

mascaron1664

lacework1675

swash1680

branch-work1702

escallop-shella1706

festoon work1712

ovum1728

bricking1760

rising sun1787

ram's horn1842

linen-pattern1845

linen-scroll1854

wheel-rood1862

primal1875

patch ornament1878

tree1879

wheel-cross1882

skeuomorph1889

linenfold1891

taotie1915

boteh1917

pelta1935

starburst1953

quilling1972

towel-pattern-

1935 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 55 247 As a decorative unit this occurs at least as early as the first century a.d.: thus a series of peltae was sometimes used as a border-panel at Pompeii.

1986 Britannia 17 234 The strips have a single row of peltas punched so that from either side the stems of the peltas point towards the centre.

2003 Guardian (Nexis) 12 July 16 Swirling peltas and trumpet spirals show the influence of indigenous British metalwork such as used to decorate the iron-age shields and helmets of the pre-Roman Celts.

a. Botany. Any of various shield-like structures, typically either crescent-shaped or having the form of a slightly concave disc; spec. a flat apothecium without an excipulum as found in certain lichens (as the genus Peltigera). Also: a bract or scale attached by the middle like a peltate leaf. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > bract, scale, palea, or spathe > [noun]

huskc1400

hosea1450

pannicle1672

surfoil1672

squama1738

palea1753

spatha1753

pelt1759

pelta1760

spath1763

bract1771

scale1776

spathe1785

scalelet1787

glume1789

ramentum1793

rament1813

paleola1829

bracteole1830

bractlet1835

glumelle1836

palea1836

pale1847

periphyll1858

bracket1860

glumella1861

glumellule1861

lodicule1864

bract-sheath1870

palet1871

palea1875

pale1890

prophyllum1890

hypsophyll1895

pale1900

prophyll1902

the world > plants > particular plants > lichen > [noun] > part(s) of

pelt1759

pelta1760

scutellum1760

scyphus1777

shield1796

podetium1814

apothecium1830

cistella1832

rhizine1832

scypha1832

soredium1836

amphigastria1842

gonidium1845

macrogonidium1853

hypothallus1855

crustaceous lichens1856

pycnide1856

perianth1857

isidium1866

thamnium1866

endospore1875

perigynium1882

pseudocyphella1882

thecium1882

parathecium1921

soralium1921

1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. i. iii. 9 The Peltæ are the Fructification of the Lichen.

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxxii. 499 Ash-coloured Ground Liverwort (Lichen caninus Lin.)..is..veined underneath and villous, with a rising pelta or target on the edge.

1858 E. Lankester & W. B. Carpenter Veg. Physiol. (new ed.) §756 This head consists of a central disk, termed the pelta, or shield, on which the spore cases are arranged in a radiating manner, like the spokes of a wheel.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 858/1 Pelta, a target-like shield, found on the species of Peltidea; also a bract attached by its middle, as in peppers.

1927–9 H. Wheeler Waverley Children's Dict. V. 3183/1 Pelta,..in botany, a structure resembling a shield.

b. Microbiology. A crescentic microtubular structure associated with the axostyle in certain flagellate protozoans.

ΚΠ

1945 H. Kirby in Jrnl. Parasitol. 31 164 The structure will be referred to as the pelta. It is altogether distinct from the blepharoplast-complex.

1947 Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 1 8 Using the Bodian silver technique, Kirby..found a new structure, the pelta, in Trichomonas (Pentatrichomonas) hominis. This is a smooth, flattened body, lying at the right of the blepharoplast and having a posterior projection.

1986 Jrnl. Protozool. 33 56/1 At the flagellar pole, the axostyle is connected to the pelta, a large sheet of microtubules that bends, forming the wall of the periflagellar canal.

Compounds

C1.

pelta-shaped adj.

ΚΠ

1883 Times 18 Apr. 3/6 A curious pelta-shaped ornament, favourite with Roman artistic work, not unlike a cuttlefish or an Amazonian shield.

1922 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 26 499 They [sc. sculpted marble discs]..sometimes alternate with similar pelta-shaped reliefs.

1991 S. Moscati et al. Celts 609 One [sword] shows a pelta-shaped stamp, which could be a swordsmith's mark, or an apotropäic sign to keep the user safe in battle.

C2. Architecture and Archaeology. Designating or incorporating the ornamental motif known as a pelta (sense 1b), as pelta design, pelta ornament, pelta pattern.

ΚΠ

1928 A. W. Clapham in Archaeologia 77 227 The Pelta Ornament..consists essentially of pairs of half-circles set back to back in such a way that the combination forms a series of figures like a double-headed axe or an Amazon-shield.

1932 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 22 126 The pelta-pattern appears on three of the Lydney pavements and had a long post-Roman vogue.

1936 A. W. Clapham Romanesque Archit. W. Europe iii. 61 Of much less frequent occurrence is the Carolingian pelta-ornament, used as a diaper on roll-mouldings at Piacenza, Modena, Cremona, and Ferrara Cathedrals.

1967 Antiquaries Jrnl. 47 167 On the extreme right is a border of black and white composed of small alternating semicircular forms producing the effect of a pelta pattern.

1978 Rescue News Dec. 4/1 (caption) Mosaic floor in the corridor of the Roman villa at Bradwell, Milton Keynes, showing the running pelta design.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pelta
释义	peltan. Brit. /ˈpɛltə/, U.S. /ˈpɛltə/ Inflections: Plural peltae, peltas. Forms: 1600s– pelta, 1900s– pelte. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pelta. Etymology: < classical Latin pelta a light, often crescent-shaped shield < ancient Greek πέλτη a small light shield of leather, of uncertain origin.In form pelte after ancient Greek πέλτη . With sense 2a compare peltate adj.¹ and slightly earlier pelt n.⁴ 2, peltated adj. 1. a. Classical History. A light shield, typically crescent-shaped but sometimes small and round, associated esp. with Thracians and Amazons, but adopted by a number of Greek armies in the late 5th or 4th centuries. See also peltast n. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > [noun] > small bucklera1300 rondelc1300 targeta1400 roundel1538 rundle1562 rondache1591 pelta1600 pelt1617 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxviii. v. 670 The Peltæ are certaine small bucklers or targuets, nothing unlike unto the Spanish Cetræ. a1719 J. Addison Dialogues Medals in Wks. (1721) I. ii. 522 On the left arm of Smyrna, is the Pelta or Buckler of the Amazons. 1784 W. Mitford Hist. Greece I. vi. 226 They then took a smaller shield, termed Pelta; and hence arose a middle order of soldiers between the heavy and the light-armed, called Peltastæ, who carried missile weapons, yet were not incapable of close fight. 1849 G. Grote Hist. Greece VI. ii. xlix. 294 Lightly armed with javelins,..and the pelta or small shield. 1899 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 3 422 The remains of the shield, though they suggest a pelta, could belong to a round shield in a partly edgewise position. 1959 W. Oakeshott Classical Inspiration in Medieval Art i. 8 Dido's pelta and her short spear..stand at the entrance to the cave. 1969 J. G. P. Best Thracian Peltasts iv. 102 The light pelte..protected the body while allowing the wearer more freedom of movement. 1994 R. A. Gabriel & D. W. Boose Great Battles Antiq. v. 134 This new mercenary soldier carried a light, crescent-shaped shield made of wicker and covered with hide (the pelta). b. Architecture and Archaeology. An ornamental motif resembling a pelta (sense 1a) in shape. See also Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] > others popinjay1322 serpent1388 moss-work1600 flame1602 frostwork1631 damask branch1634 mascaron1664 lacework1675 swash1680 branch-work1702 escallop-shella1706 festoon work1712 ovum1728 bricking1760 rising sun1787 ram's horn1842 linen-pattern1845 linen-scroll1854 wheel-rood1862 primal1875 patch ornament1878 tree1879 wheel-cross1882 skeuomorph1889 linenfold1891 taotie1915 boteh1917 pelta1935 starburst1953 quilling1972 towel-pattern- 1935 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 55 247 As a decorative unit this occurs at least as early as the first century a.d.: thus a series of peltae was sometimes used as a border-panel at Pompeii. 1986 Britannia 17 234 The strips have a single row of peltas punched so that from either side the stems of the peltas point towards the centre. 2003 Guardian (Nexis) 12 July 16 Swirling peltas and trumpet spirals show the influence of indigenous British metalwork such as used to decorate the iron-age shields and helmets of the pre-Roman Celts. 2. a. Botany. Any of various shield-like structures, typically either crescent-shaped or having the form of a slightly concave disc; spec. a flat apothecium without an excipulum as found in certain lichens (as the genus Peltigera). Also: a bract or scale attached by the middle like a peltate leaf. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > bract, scale, palea, or spathe > [noun] huskc1400 hosea1450 pannicle1672 surfoil1672 squama1738 palea1753 spatha1753 pelt1759 pelta1760 spath1763 bract1771 scale1776 spathe1785 scalelet1787 glume1789 ramentum1793 rament1813 paleola1829 bracteole1830 bractlet1835 glumelle1836 palea1836 pale1847 periphyll1858 bracket1860 glumella1861 glumellule1861 lodicule1864 bract-sheath1870 palet1871 palea1875 pale1890 prophyllum1890 hypsophyll1895 pale1900 prophyll1902 the world > plants > particular plants > lichen > [noun] > part(s) of pelt1759 pelta1760 scutellum1760 scyphus1777 shield1796 podetium1814 apothecium1830 cistella1832 rhizine1832 scypha1832 soredium1836 amphigastria1842 gonidium1845 macrogonidium1853 hypothallus1855 crustaceous lichens1856 pycnide1856 perianth1857 isidium1866 thamnium1866 endospore1875 perigynium1882 pseudocyphella1882 thecium1882 parathecium1921 soralium1921 1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. i. iii. 9 The Peltæ are the Fructification of the Lichen. 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxxii. 499 Ash-coloured Ground Liverwort (Lichen caninus Lin.)..is..veined underneath and villous, with a rising pelta or target on the edge. 1858 E. Lankester & W. B. Carpenter Veg. Physiol. (new ed.) §756 This head consists of a central disk, termed the pelta, or shield, on which the spore cases are arranged in a radiating manner, like the spokes of a wheel. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 858/1 Pelta, a target-like shield, found on the species of Peltidea; also a bract attached by its middle, as in peppers. 1927–9 H. Wheeler Waverley Children's Dict. V. 3183/1 Pelta,..in botany, a structure resembling a shield. b. Microbiology. A crescentic microtubular structure associated with the axostyle in certain flagellate protozoans. ΚΠ 1945 H. Kirby in Jrnl. Parasitol. 31 164 The structure will be referred to as the pelta. It is altogether distinct from the blepharoplast-complex. 1947 Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 1 8 Using the Bodian silver technique, Kirby..found a new structure, the pelta, in Trichomonas (Pentatrichomonas) hominis. This is a smooth, flattened body, lying at the right of the blepharoplast and having a posterior projection. 1986 Jrnl. Protozool. 33 56/1 At the flagellar pole, the axostyle is connected to the pelta, a large sheet of microtubules that bends, forming the wall of the periflagellar canal. Compounds C1. pelta-shaped adj. ΚΠ 1883 Times 18 Apr. 3/6 A curious pelta-shaped ornament, favourite with Roman artistic work, not unlike a cuttlefish or an Amazonian shield. 1922 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 26 499 They [sc. sculpted marble discs]..sometimes alternate with similar pelta-shaped reliefs. 1991 S. Moscati et al. Celts 609 One [sword] shows a pelta-shaped stamp, which could be a swordsmith's mark, or an apotropäic sign to keep the user safe in battle. C2. Architecture and Archaeology. Designating or incorporating the ornamental motif known as a pelta (sense 1b), as pelta design, pelta ornament, pelta pattern. ΚΠ 1928 A. W. Clapham in Archaeologia 77 227 The Pelta Ornament..consists essentially of pairs of half-circles set back to back in such a way that the combination forms a series of figures like a double-headed axe or an Amazon-shield. 1932 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 22 126 The pelta-pattern appears on three of the Lydney pavements and had a long post-Roman vogue. 1936 A. W. Clapham Romanesque Archit. W. Europe iii. 61 Of much less frequent occurrence is the Carolingian pelta-ornament, used as a diaper on roll-mouldings at Piacenza, Modena, Cremona, and Ferrara Cathedrals. 1967 Antiquaries Jrnl. 47 167 On the extreme right is a border of black and white composed of small alternating semicircular forms producing the effect of a pelta pattern. 1978 Rescue News Dec. 4/1 (caption) Mosaic floor in the corridor of the Roman villa at Bradwell, Milton Keynes, showing the running pelta design. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1600
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