perestroikan.

Brit.

/ˌpɛrᵻˈstrɔɪ(ᵻ)kə/, U.S.

/ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə/

Forms: 1900s– perestroika, 1900s– perestrojka, 1900s– perestroyka.

Origin: A borrowing from Russian. Etymon: Russian perestrojka.

Etymology: < Russian perestrojka (also transliterated perestroika , perestroyka ) restructuring, rebuilding (early 18th cent. in general sense, mid 1980s in relation to the specific reforms introduced by Gorbachev). Compare perestroikan n. and adj.Russian perestrojka was used as a political catchword earlier in the Soviet period, for example in relation to the process of electrification and industrialization of the 1930s and in relation to propaganda work in the late 1970s. However, it did not acquire the specific sense in which it entered English until the mid 1980s.

Politics.

In the former Soviet Union: the restructuring or reform of the economic and political system. Also: the period during which this restructuring was being implemented. Also in extended use. Cf. glasnost n.The reforms were actively promoted by Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985, but the word did not gain general currency until the 27th C.P.S.U. Congress in February 1986. Originally, perestroika was intended to increase industrial automation and labour efficiency, but later came to entail greater awareness of economic markets and the ending of central planning. Ultimately it led to the demise of the Soviet political system.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > Russian politics > [noun] > specific reform

perestroika1986

1986 Washington Post 23 Feb. a1/2 If words can define an era, then perestroika is the catchword here before Tuesday's opening of the Communist Party Congress as Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev enters a decisive phase of his leadership.

1989 Economist 14 Jan. 63/1 Much has been made of the so-called ‘green perestroika’ by which Colonel Moammar Qaddafi has tried to liberalise the Libyan economy.

1991 Sunday Times 8 Sept. 14/4 In the glasnost that is now part of the Arsenal perestroika Dixon, along with his manager George Graham, came into the Highbury press room to explain.

2000 J. W. Kip in T. Gongora & H. von Riekhoff Toward Revol. in Mil. Aff.? vi. 91 Under perestroyka the prevention of nuclear and global conventional wars became an explicit task for military science.

2002 G. Shriver tr. M. S. Gorbachev in Conversat. with Gorbachev 49 Probably the roots of the slogan that arose in the first years of perestroika, ‘more democracy, more socialism’, can be found here. Even before perestroika, under Chernenko, I stressed the idea of the important role of the human factor.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	perestroika
释义	perestroikan. Brit. /ˌpɛrᵻˈstrɔɪ(ᵻ)kə/, U.S. /ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə/ Forms: 1900s– perestroika, 1900s– perestrojka, 1900s– perestroyka. Origin: A borrowing from Russian. Etymon: Russian perestrojka. Etymology: < Russian perestrojka (also transliterated perestroika , perestroyka ) restructuring, rebuilding (early 18th cent. in general sense, mid 1980s in relation to the specific reforms introduced by Gorbachev). Compare perestroikan n. and adj.Russian perestrojka was used as a political catchword earlier in the Soviet period, for example in relation to the process of electrification and industrialization of the 1930s and in relation to propaganda work in the late 1970s. However, it did not acquire the specific sense in which it entered English until the mid 1980s. Politics. In the former Soviet Union: the restructuring or reform of the economic and political system. Also: the period during which this restructuring was being implemented. Also in extended use. Cf. glasnost n.The reforms were actively promoted by Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985, but the word did not gain general currency until the 27th C.P.S.U. Congress in February 1986. Originally, perestroika was intended to increase industrial automation and labour efficiency, but later came to entail greater awareness of economic markets and the ending of central planning. Ultimately it led to the demise of the Soviet political system. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > Russian politics > [noun] > specific reform perestroika1986 1986 Washington Post 23 Feb. a1/2 If words can define an era, then perestroika is the catchword here before Tuesday's opening of the Communist Party Congress as Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev enters a decisive phase of his leadership. 1989 Economist 14 Jan. 63/1 Much has been made of the so-called ‘green perestroika’ by which Colonel Moammar Qaddafi has tried to liberalise the Libyan economy. 1991 Sunday Times 8 Sept. 14/4 In the glasnost that is now part of the Arsenal perestroika Dixon, along with his manager George Graham, came into the Highbury press room to explain. 2000 J. W. Kip in T. Gongora & H. von Riekhoff Toward Revol. in Mil. Aff.? vi. 91 Under perestroyka the prevention of nuclear and global conventional wars became an explicit task for military science. 2002 G. Shriver tr. M. S. Gorbachev in Conversat. with Gorbachev 49 Probably the roots of the slogan that arose in the first years of perestroika, ‘more democracy, more socialism’, can be found here. Even before perestroika, under Chernenko, I stressed the idea of the important role of the human factor. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1986
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