perfectiveadj.n.

Brit.

/pəˈfɛktɪv/, U.S.

/pərˈfɛktɪv/

Forms: 1500s perfectiue, 1600s– perfective.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin perfectivus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin perfectivus tending to make perfect or complete (6th cent.: see note) < classical Latin perfect- , past participial stem of perficere (see perfect adj.) + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare Middle French, French perfectif (1458), Catalan perfectiu (14th cent.), Spanish perfectivo (1427–8; 1490 in grammar), Italian perfettivo (1363).Post-classical Latin perfectivus is recorded as a technical term in grammar (used by Priscian of prepositional prefixes and conjunctions: compare senses A. 2a, B. 2a) and in philosophy, used by Boethius as an equivalent to ancient Greek ποιητικός poietic adj., elsewhere translated by classical Latin effectīvus effective adj. With sense A. 2b in Slavonic languages compare Russian soveršennyj ; with sense B. 2b compare Russian soveršennyj vid.

A. adj.

1. Tending to make perfect or complete; conducive to the perfecting or perfection of a thing.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [adjective] > bringing to perfection

perfective1590

teleiotical1601

completing1656

perfectory1693

perfectionating1818

1590 R. Harvey Theol. Disc. Lamb of God 63 Christ alone is the consummatiue and perfectiue cause of all.

1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 31 That which is agreeable to, and perfectiue of his kind.

1664 Bp. J. Taylor Χρισις Τελειωτικη §3. 72 The perfective Unction of Chrism gives to him the advent of the Holy Spirit.

1693 J. Tyrrell Brief Disquis. Law Nature 314 Causes (whether efficient, or perfective).

1711 M. Henry Faith in Christ in Wks. (1853) II. 283/2 The Christian religion..is consonant to and perfective of natural religion.

1771 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) V. 295 The far more excellent way, more perfective of the Soul.

1793 T. Taylor tr. Emperor Julian Two Orations 22 We infer his perfective power from the whole phænomena, because he gives vision to visive natures.

1848 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 106 The purifying wave, perfective fire.

1888 G. Lewis tr. St. Basil Holy Spirit ix. 52 Perfective of all else, Himself lacking nothing.

1945 J. D. Litt Election & Representation xi. 195 They are agreed in regarding the common good of society..as something morally perfective of human nature.

1993 M. M. Hogan Finality & Marriage iii. 105 Finality..is the operation of causation as directed to an end as good, that is, as perfective of the being.

2. Grammar.

†a. Of a conjunction: expressing purpose. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1616 T. Granger Syntagma Grammaticum sig. P6 By the Copulatiue, (Daturum que operam) explaned by the Causall, or perfectiue partic. (Vt res ipsa declaret aliquando animum).

1793 A. Adam Rudim. Lat. & Eng. Gram. (ed. 4) ii. viii. 149 Conjunctions, according to their different meaning, are divided into the following classes:..7. Final or perfective; as ut, uti, that, to the end that.

b. Designating or relating to a verbal form or aspect expressing completed action. Cf. imperfective adj. 2.In the 19th cent., originally applied to one of the branches or ‘aspects’ of the verb in the Slavonic languages; more recently to verb forms in other Indo-European languages, esp. those compounded with a preposition, expressing the completion of the action expressed by the simple verb, as Latin ēdere to eat, comēdere to eat up; suādēre, persuādēre, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > aspect > [adjective] > perfect

perfect1530

perfective1844

1844 Proc. Philol. Soc. 1 268 In the Slavonic languages..a regular..distinction is made between perfective and imperfective verbs, that is, between those expressing an action completed at once and not repeated, and those denoting continuance or reiteration.

1887 W. R. Morfill Serbian Gram. 31 The perfective aspect denotes either that the action has been quite completed or that it will definitely cease.

1895 P. Giles Short Man. Compar. Philol. §545 When present and aorist are found in the same verb [in Greek], the former is the durative, the latter the perfective or momentary form.

1968 J. Lyons Introd. Theoret. Linguistics viii. 396 The English ‘perfect with have’..was at first restricted to transitive verbs, and thus preserved its relationship with the perfective passive without have (still current in such sentences as The work is done, The house is built).

1991 Jrnl. Semantics 8 363 Perfective sentences express propositions about durative or non-durative events: they say that in a given period of time, an event of a certain type occurs in its entirety.

†3. In the process of being perfected, or of attaining a perfect state. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [adjective] > in process of being perfected

perfective1848

1848 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 2 No. 6. 293 Dugès was..able to see..the eight legs in a perfective state.

1852 C. Dickens Let. 31 Jan. (1852) VI. 586 Not knowing the immense resources and the gradually perfective machinery necessary to the production of such a journal.

B. n.

†1. A perfectionist. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > doctrine of human perfectibility > [noun] > believer in

perfective1602

perfectionist1653

perfectibilist1798

perfectibilian1816

perfectibilarian1852

perfectibilitarian1873

perfectabilitarian1930

1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 57 Vnworthie creatures to be iustly censured of by these worthie perfectiues [the Jesuits].

1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 132 High conceited perfectiues.

2. Grammar.

†a. A perfective conjunction. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > conjunction > [noun] > other specific types of conjunction

rationalc1450

subcontinuativea1504

causal1530

conditional1591

perfective1735

positive1751

suppositive1751

vav conversive1828

1735 P. H. New Eng. Introd. Latin Tongue Appendix 43 Finals or perfectives are, ut, uti, that, to the end that.

b. A perfective use or form of a verb. Cf. imperfective n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > aspect > [noun] > perfect

perfect1580

perfect1836

perfective1904

1904 Expositor Nov. 361 Ἀγωνίζεσθαι is only used in the durative present, but καταγωνίσασθαι..is a good perfective.

1968 J. Lyons Introd. Theoret. Linguistics vii. 314 Many perfectives [in Russian] are derived by prefixation of the corresponding imperfectives.

1990 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 35 3 The simple form can properly be called a ‘perfective’ because it always represents a stretch of duration long enough to situate all the various impressions..constituting the verb's lexeme (its lexical meaning).

Derivatives

perˈfectiveness n. the quality of state of being perfective; (also) perfectibility.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > completing > [noun] > quality of being perfective

perfectiveness1704

1704 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World II. xii. 481 Their intrinsick excellency or essential perfectiveness of the understanding.

1861 tr. V. de Gasparin Near & Heavenly Horizons (1865) ii. 260 You speak to me of development, perfectiveness.

1989 Language 65 48 The modals and some evidentials have in common both stativeness and perfectiveness as possible factors in the development of epistemic meanings.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	perfective
释义	perfectiveadj.n. Brit. /pəˈfɛktɪv/, U.S. /pərˈfɛktɪv/ Forms: 1500s perfectiue, 1600s– perfective. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin perfectivus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin perfectivus tending to make perfect or complete (6th cent.: see note) < classical Latin perfect- , past participial stem of perficere (see perfect adj.) + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare Middle French, French perfectif (1458), Catalan perfectiu (14th cent.), Spanish perfectivo (1427–8; 1490 in grammar), Italian perfettivo (1363).Post-classical Latin perfectivus is recorded as a technical term in grammar (used by Priscian of prepositional prefixes and conjunctions: compare senses A. 2a, B. 2a) and in philosophy, used by Boethius as an equivalent to ancient Greek ποιητικός poietic adj., elsewhere translated by classical Latin effectīvus effective adj. With sense A. 2b in Slavonic languages compare Russian soveršennyj ; with sense B. 2b compare Russian soveršennyj vid. A. adj. 1. Tending to make perfect or complete; conducive to the perfecting or perfection of a thing. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [adjective] > bringing to perfection perfective1590 teleiotical1601 completing1656 perfectory1693 perfectionating1818 1590 R. Harvey Theol. Disc. Lamb of God 63 Christ alone is the consummatiue and perfectiue cause of all. 1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 31 That which is agreeable to, and perfectiue of his kind. 1664 Bp. J. Taylor Χρισις Τελειωτικη §3. 72 The perfective Unction of Chrism gives to him the advent of the Holy Spirit. 1693 J. Tyrrell Brief Disquis. Law Nature 314 Causes (whether efficient, or perfective). 1711 M. Henry Faith in Christ in Wks. (1853) II. 283/2 The Christian religion..is consonant to and perfective of natural religion. 1771 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) V. 295 The far more excellent way, more perfective of the Soul. 1793 T. Taylor tr. Emperor Julian Two Orations 22 We infer his perfective power from the whole phænomena, because he gives vision to visive natures. 1848 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 106 The purifying wave, perfective fire. 1888 G. Lewis tr. St. Basil Holy Spirit ix. 52 Perfective of all else, Himself lacking nothing. 1945 J. D. Litt Election & Representation xi. 195 They are agreed in regarding the common good of society..as something morally perfective of human nature. 1993 M. M. Hogan Finality & Marriage iii. 105 Finality..is the operation of causation as directed to an end as good, that is, as perfective of the being. 2. Grammar. †a. Of a conjunction: expressing purpose. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1616 T. Granger Syntagma Grammaticum sig. P6 By the Copulatiue, (Daturum que operam) explaned by the Causall, or perfectiue partic. (Vt res ipsa declaret aliquando animum). 1793 A. Adam Rudim. Lat. & Eng. Gram. (ed. 4) ii. viii. 149 Conjunctions, according to their different meaning, are divided into the following classes:..7. Final or perfective; as ut, uti, that, to the end that. b. Designating or relating to a verbal form or aspect expressing completed action. Cf. imperfective adj. 2.In the 19th cent., originally applied to one of the branches or ‘aspects’ of the verb in the Slavonic languages; more recently to verb forms in other Indo-European languages, esp. those compounded with a preposition, expressing the completion of the action expressed by the simple verb, as Latin ēdere to eat, comēdere to eat up; suādēre, persuādēre, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > aspect > [adjective] > perfect perfect1530 perfective1844 1844 Proc. Philol. Soc. 1 268 In the Slavonic languages..a regular..distinction is made between perfective and imperfective verbs, that is, between those expressing an action completed at once and not repeated, and those denoting continuance or reiteration. 1887 W. R. Morfill Serbian Gram. 31 The perfective aspect denotes either that the action has been quite completed or that it will definitely cease. 1895 P. Giles Short Man. Compar. Philol. §545 When present and aorist are found in the same verb [in Greek], the former is the durative, the latter the perfective or momentary form. 1968 J. Lyons Introd. Theoret. Linguistics viii. 396 The English ‘perfect with have’..was at first restricted to transitive verbs, and thus preserved its relationship with the perfective passive without have (still current in such sentences as The work is done, The house is built). 1991 Jrnl. Semantics 8 363 Perfective sentences express propositions about durative or non-durative events: they say that in a given period of time, an event of a certain type occurs in its entirety. †3. In the process of being perfected, or of attaining a perfect state. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [adjective] > in process of being perfected perfective1848 1848 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 2 No. 6. 293 Dugès was..able to see..the eight legs in a perfective state. 1852 C. Dickens Let. 31 Jan. (1852) VI. 586 Not knowing the immense resources and the gradually perfective machinery necessary to the production of such a journal. B. n. †1. A perfectionist. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > doctrine of human perfectibility > [noun] > believer in perfective1602 perfectionist1653 perfectibilist1798 perfectibilian1816 perfectibilarian1852 perfectibilitarian1873 perfectabilitarian1930 1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 57 Vnworthie creatures to be iustly censured of by these worthie perfectiues [the Jesuits]. 1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 132 High conceited perfectiues. 2. Grammar. †a. A perfective conjunction. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > conjunction > [noun] > other specific types of conjunction rationalc1450 subcontinuativea1504 causal1530 conditional1591 perfective1735 positive1751 suppositive1751 vav conversive1828 1735 P. H. New Eng. Introd. Latin Tongue Appendix 43 Finals or perfectives are, ut, uti, that, to the end that. b. A perfective use or form of a verb. Cf. imperfective n. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > aspect > [noun] > perfect perfect1580 perfect1836 perfective1904 1904 Expositor Nov. 361 Ἀγωνίζεσθαι is only used in the durative present, but καταγωνίσασθαι..is a good perfective. 1968 J. Lyons Introd. Theoret. Linguistics vii. 314 Many perfectives [in Russian] are derived by prefixation of the corresponding imperfectives. 1990 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 35 3 The simple form can properly be called a ‘perfective’ because it always represents a stretch of duration long enough to situate all the various impressions..constituting the verb's lexeme (its lexical meaning). Derivatives perˈfectiveness n. the quality of state of being perfective; (also) perfectibility. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > completing > [noun] > quality of being perfective perfectiveness1704 1704 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World II. xii. 481 Their intrinsick excellency or essential perfectiveness of the understanding. 1861 tr. V. de Gasparin Near & Heavenly Horizons (1865) ii. 260 You speak to me of development, perfectiveness. 1989 Language 65 48 The modals and some evidentials have in common both stativeness and perfectiveness as possible factors in the development of epistemic meanings. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1590
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