pendentadj.

Brit.

/ˈpɛnd(ə)nt/, U.S.

/ˈpɛnd(ə)nt/

Forms: Middle English pendaunt, late Middle English– pendant, 1500s pendaunte, 1500s penndaunte, 1500s– pendent; also Scottish pre-1700 pendand.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pendant.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pendaunt, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French pendant hanging (c1140), pending (early 15th cent.), (in architecture) suspended, floating (1505), use as adjective of present participle of pendre to hang (see pend v.³). Compare pendant prep. Compare post-classical Latin pendens (of a lawsuit) pending (1307 or earlier).The form pendent (after classical Latin pendent- , pendēns , present participle of pendēre to hang: see pend v.³) has now become the more frequent spelling, though pendant is also often used, especially in senses associated with pendant n. With letter pendent n. at sense 1a compare post-classical Latin littera pendens (frequently from 1166 in British sources), and also Old French lettres a pendant seel (1174–6).

a. Hanging; suspended from or as from the point of attachment, with the point or end hanging downwards; dependent. Of a tree: having branches that hang or droop down. † letter pendent n. Obsolete a letter with a seal attached.In early use frequently, and still in Heraldry, as postmodifier.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > [adjective] > hanging down

pendent?a1300

dependentc1420

pendular1596

pensile1604

propending1642

pendulent1650

pendilatory1653

pendulous1656

depending1735

pendulant1804

hang-down1906

?a1300 Gloss. Alexander Neckam in T. Wright Vocabularies (1857) 110 (MED) Ostium seram habeat, pensulam [glossed loc pendaunt] vel pensulum.

1421 in A. H. Thomas Cal. Plea & Mem. Rolls London Guildhall (1943) IV. 90 (MED) [5 lavers called] pendaunt lavours.

a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 423 (MED) Þis me þinkiþ an abusioun To se on walke in gownes of scarlet xij ȝerdes wyd, wit pendant sleues downe On þe grounde.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) cxiii. 171 He sente lettres pendantes oueral his londes.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxxiij Ruffed sleues with foresleues pendant.

1592 T. Nashe Strange Newes sig. E4 A iolly long red peake..whereat a man might hang a Iewell, it was so sharpe and pendant.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. vii. 144 There on the pendant boughes her cronet weedes Clambring to hang.

1625 in R. Sanderson Rymer's Fœdera (1726) XVIII. 237 One emrauld Pendent, one blewe Saphire, and three Pearls Pendent.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 1052 Hanging in a golden Chain This pendant world.

1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey III. xii. 514 So to the beam the Bat tenacious clings, And pendant round it clasps his leathern wings.

1766 ‘M. A. Porny’ Elem. Heraldry (1787) 170 Three Eaglets displayed, points of their wings pendent, Or.

1837 W. Wordsworth White Doe of Rylstone (new version) iv, in Poet. Wks. (new ed.) IV. 85 The pendent woodbine.

1872 C. D. Warner Saunterings 150 A most dismal exhibition..green plants waving amidst enormous pendent sausages and pigs' heads.

1922 V. Woolf Jacob's Room vi. 124 Rosaries pendent from the gas brackets.

1992 H. Mitchell One Man's Garden ii. 34 There are several forms of this native bald cypress, some of them more weeping or pendent than others.

b. pendent with: hung with. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > [adjective] > furnished with hanging things

hung1648

pendent with1796

1796 A. Yearsley Rural Lyre 95 His golden hair Pendent with glittering rubies.

1824 C. Garnett Night before Bridal ii, in Misc. Poems 30 The..doublet of light silk, whose ample sleeve, Pendent with knobs of gold..his manly shoulders graced.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. viii. 60 Their [sc. the icebergs'] tunnel-like roofs were often pendant with icicles.

1942 S. O'Casey Pictures in Hallway 227 A poor boy walking in a silver way, canopied by velvet, purple-black, and dizzily pendent with a weight of jewels that dared the wondering eye.

†2.

a. Overhanging; jutting or leaning over; sloping or slanting, or placed on a steep slope. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > high position > overhanging > [adjective]

hangingc1330

pendentc1425

beetled1509

bending1567

prependent1592

propendent1593

overwhelming1599

pendulous1608

impendent1611

incumbent1719

imminent1727

impending1730

beetling1744

pensilec1750

pending1756

superincumbent1785

shelvy1811

overbrowing1814

propensive1819

oversailing1833

beetle-browed1842

overhung1845

overhanging1860

overleaning1865

overreaching1890

cantilevered1910

the world > space > relative position > inclination > [adjective] > inclined from level or sloping > steep (except of hills, etc.)

staira1175

slidingc1325

steepa1400–50

side?a1475

right-up1511

steep-down1530

steepwise1542

headlonga1557

steep-up?a1560

pitch hill1560

pendent1587

high-pitched1596

steeped1596

perpendicular1598

steepy1735

declivitous1799

steepish1814

escarped1853

steep-cut1888

swooping1956

c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 9244 (MED) With swerdes gode that were trenchaunt Fauȝt thei to-gedur by that hil pendaunt.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. 2862 (MED) Ther fill a sodeyn wrak Doun from a roche pendant..He and his chaar wer drownyd bothe Ifeere.

?1521 A. Barclay Bk. Codrus & Mynalcas sig. Cv^v A mountayne,..With pendant clyffes, of stones harde as flent.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 1008/2 The whole countrie..is pendent towards the south and west parts.

a1652 I. Jones in B. Allsopp & R. A. Sayce Inigo Jones on Palladio (1970) II. iv. 106 The tope..is pendente to voyde the waater.

c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 188 Another pendent towre (like that at Pisa).

1766 C. Powys Passages from Diaries Mrs. Powys (1899) 115 A Gothic root-house..hangs pendant over the river.

1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion vii. 337 Tall ash-tree sown by winds, by vapours nursed, In the dry crannies of the pendant rocks.

1867 R. W. Emerson May-day & Other Pieces 4 By the pendent mountain's shade.

b. figurative. Impending. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adjective] > imminent, near, or at hand

towardc890

comingOE

at handc1175

hendc1175

short?a1400

likec1425

near present?c1450

hangingc1503

instant?1520

neara1522

approachinga1525

imminent1528

provenient1554

threatened1567

near-threateninga1586

eminent1587

impendenta1592

sudden1597

ensuing1603

dependenta1616

pending1642

incumbent1646

early1655

fast-approaching1671

impendinga1686

incoming1753

pendent1805

proximatea1831

simmering1843

pending1850

invenient1854

looming1855

forthcoming1859

near-term1929

upcoming1959

1805 ‘E. de Acton’ Nuns of Desert I. 28 The clouds blackened, the tempest was pendant.

1876 Ld. Tennyson Harold ii. ii. 65 Having..lied like a lad That dreads the pendent scourge.

3. Hanging or floating unsupported in the air or in space; supported above the ground on arches, columns, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > high position > [adjective] > elevated in position > on arches or a wall

hangingc1170

pendentc1600

pensile1605

the world > space > relative position > support > absence of support > [adjective] > held up without support > in the air

poising?1473

pendentc1600

pensile1605

pendulous1608

hovering1630

c1600 Timon (1980) iv. iii. 61 I hearde from Pseudocheus..that the Moone was an Ilande pendante in the Ayre.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxvi. xii. 578 The pendant gallery and walking place at Gnidos.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 126 To be imprison'd in the viewlesse windes And blowne with restlesse violence round about The pendant world.

1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia I. vi. 38 You..will easily conceive with what pleasure a philosopher, furnished with wings..would see the earth..rolling beneath him... How must it amuse the pendent spectator to see the moving scene of land and ocean, cities and desarts!

?1790 J. Imison School of Arts (ed. 2) 247 An inverted image of the object will..seem to hang pendant in the air.

1813 J. C. Eustace Tour through Italy I. xii. 265 Strabo..represents it as a pendent garden, raised on lofty arches of white stone, planted with evergreen shrubs.

1929 E. Bowen Cat Jumps in C. Asquith Shudders 122 That first Friday, everything was auspicious; afternoon sky blue as the garden irises; later, a full moon pendant over the river.

1993 Dallas Morning News (Nexis) 5 July 33a The sky's blue-violet velvet over which the pendant moon hung cast the perfect backdrop.

4. Remaining undecided or unsettled; pending; not progressing.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > insecure knowledge, uncertainty > questionable state or quality > [adjective] > awaiting decision

pendent1629

pending1642

depending1679

1629 H. Wotton Let. 8 Feb. in L. P. Smith Life & Lett. Sir H. Wotton (1907) II. 314 I find your complaint fallen upon a strange controversy yet pendant.

1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 79 Those same pendant profits, which the spring And Easter intimate.

1829 Q. Rev. 41 412 Our then pendant disputes in America.

1880 J. Muirhead tr. Ulpian Rules ii, in tr. Gaius Institutes 366 So long as the condition is pendent he remains a slave of the heir's.

1931 V. Woolf Waves 201 Time, which is widespread as a field at midday, becomes pendant.

1993 J. W. Moore & J. D. Lucas Moore's Federal Pract. III. a. xviii. 35 The use of supplemental jurisdiction to decide pendent claims under state laws has been upheld in a large number of civil rights cases.

5. Grammar. Having an incomplete grammatical structure. Cf. dangling participle n. at dangling adj. Additions b.Chiefly with reference to use of the nominative case without a verb, as sometimes in a preamble to a sentence containing an anaphoric pronoun.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > [adjective] > not part of proper construction

pendent1849

dangling1909

1849 W. Fitzgerald tr. W. Whitaker Disputation Holy Script. 150 Though there be in the holy scriptures some pendent sentences, and inversions.

1884 F. W. Farrar Luke in Cambr. Greek Test. xxi. 6 Ταῦτα ἃ θεωρεῖτε. It is what is called the ‘pendent nominative’.

1990 R. S. Irani & P. Mohanty in Bull. Deccan Coll. Post-Grad. & Res. Inst. 49 161 (heading) A note on pendent nominative construction.

Compounds

pendent jurisdiction n. U.S. Law the discretionary jurisdiction of a federal court over claims pending under state laws where there is also a claim under federal law arising from the same case; also called supplemental jurisdiction.

ΚΠ

1942 Federal Reporter 2nd Ser. 127 6 He also held that the ‘cause of action’ set up under the Trade-Mark Act was not ‘substantial’ enough to confer an incidental or pendent jurisdiction.

1997 R. A. Posner Federal Courts ix. 301 Pendent jurisdiction..allows a plaintiff to join a nonfederal claim with his federal claim in the interest of judicial economy.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	pendent
释义	pendentadj. Brit. /ˈpɛnd(ə)nt/, U.S. /ˈpɛnd(ə)nt/ Forms: Middle English pendaunt, late Middle English– pendant, 1500s pendaunte, 1500s penndaunte, 1500s– pendent; also Scottish pre-1700 pendand. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pendant. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pendaunt, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French pendant hanging (c1140), pending (early 15th cent.), (in architecture) suspended, floating (1505), use as adjective of present participle of pendre to hang (see pend v.³). Compare pendant prep. Compare post-classical Latin pendens (of a lawsuit) pending (1307 or earlier).The form pendent (after classical Latin pendent- , pendēns , present participle of pendēre to hang: see pend v.³) has now become the more frequent spelling, though pendant is also often used, especially in senses associated with pendant n. With letter pendent n. at sense 1a compare post-classical Latin littera pendens (frequently from 1166 in British sources), and also Old French lettres a pendant seel (1174–6). 1. a. Hanging; suspended from or as from the point of attachment, with the point or end hanging downwards; dependent. Of a tree: having branches that hang or droop down. † letter pendent n. Obsolete a letter with a seal attached.In early use frequently, and still in Heraldry, as postmodifier. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > [adjective] > hanging down pendent?a1300 dependentc1420 pendular1596 pensile1604 propending1642 pendulent1650 pendilatory1653 pendulous1656 depending1735 pendulant1804 hang-down1906 ?a1300 Gloss. Alexander Neckam in T. Wright Vocabularies (1857) 110 (MED) Ostium seram habeat, pensulam [glossed loc pendaunt] vel pensulum. 1421 in A. H. Thomas Cal. Plea & Mem. Rolls London Guildhall (1943) IV. 90 (MED) [5 lavers called] pendaunt lavours. a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 423 (MED) Þis me þinkiþ an abusioun To se on walke in gownes of scarlet xij ȝerdes wyd, wit pendant sleues downe On þe grounde. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) cxiii. 171 He sente lettres pendantes oueral his londes. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxxiij Ruffed sleues with foresleues pendant. 1592 T. Nashe Strange Newes sig. E4 A iolly long red peake..whereat a man might hang a Iewell, it was so sharpe and pendant. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. vii. 144 There on the pendant boughes her cronet weedes Clambring to hang. View more context for this quotation 1625 in R. Sanderson Rymer's Fœdera (1726) XVIII. 237 One emrauld Pendent, one blewe Saphire, and three Pearls Pendent. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 1052 Hanging in a golden Chain This pendant world. View more context for this quotation 1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey III. xii. 514 So to the beam the Bat tenacious clings, And pendant round it clasps his leathern wings. 1766 ‘M. A. Porny’ Elem. Heraldry (1787) 170 Three Eaglets displayed, points of their wings pendent, Or. 1837 W. Wordsworth White Doe of Rylstone (new version) iv, in Poet. Wks. (new ed.) IV. 85 The pendent woodbine. 1872 C. D. Warner Saunterings 150 A most dismal exhibition..green plants waving amidst enormous pendent sausages and pigs' heads. 1922 V. Woolf Jacob's Room vi. 124 Rosaries pendent from the gas brackets. 1992 H. Mitchell One Man's Garden ii. 34 There are several forms of this native bald cypress, some of them more weeping or pendent than others. b. pendent with: hung with. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > [adjective] > furnished with hanging things hung1648 pendent with1796 1796 A. Yearsley Rural Lyre 95 His golden hair Pendent with glittering rubies. 1824 C. Garnett Night before Bridal ii, in Misc. Poems 30 The..doublet of light silk, whose ample sleeve, Pendent with knobs of gold..his manly shoulders graced. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. viii. 60 Their [sc. the icebergs'] tunnel-like roofs were often pendant with icicles. 1942 S. O'Casey Pictures in Hallway 227 A poor boy walking in a silver way, canopied by velvet, purple-black, and dizzily pendent with a weight of jewels that dared the wondering eye. †2. a. Overhanging; jutting or leaning over; sloping or slanting, or placed on a steep slope. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > high position > overhanging > [adjective] hangingc1330 pendentc1425 beetled1509 bending1567 prependent1592 propendent1593 overwhelming1599 pendulous1608 impendent1611 incumbent1719 imminent1727 impending1730 beetling1744 pensilec1750 pending1756 superincumbent1785 shelvy1811 overbrowing1814 propensive1819 oversailing1833 beetle-browed1842 overhung1845 overhanging1860 overleaning1865 overreaching1890 cantilevered1910 the world > space > relative position > inclination > [adjective] > inclined from level or sloping > steep (except of hills, etc.) staira1175 slidingc1325 steepa1400–50 side?a1475 right-up1511 steep-down1530 steepwise1542 headlonga1557 steep-up?a1560 pitch hill1560 pendent1587 high-pitched1596 steeped1596 perpendicular1598 steepy1735 declivitous1799 steepish1814 escarped1853 steep-cut1888 swooping1956 c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 9244 (MED) With swerdes gode that were trenchaunt Fauȝt thei to-gedur by that hil pendaunt. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. 2862 (MED) Ther fill a sodeyn wrak Doun from a roche pendant..He and his chaar wer drownyd bothe Ifeere. ?1521 A. Barclay Bk. Codrus & Mynalcas sig. Cv^v A mountayne,..With pendant clyffes, of stones harde as flent. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 1008/2 The whole countrie..is pendent towards the south and west parts. a1652 I. Jones in B. Allsopp & R. A. Sayce Inigo Jones on Palladio (1970) II. iv. 106 The tope..is pendente to voyde the waater. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 188 Another pendent towre (like that at Pisa). 1766 C. Powys Passages from Diaries Mrs. Powys (1899) 115 A Gothic root-house..hangs pendant over the river. 1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion vii. 337 Tall ash-tree sown by winds, by vapours nursed, In the dry crannies of the pendant rocks. View more context for this quotation 1867 R. W. Emerson May-day & Other Pieces 4 By the pendent mountain's shade. b. figurative. Impending. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adjective] > imminent, near, or at hand towardc890 comingOE at handc1175 hendc1175 hendc1175 short?a1400 likec1425 near present?c1450 hangingc1503 instant?1520 neara1522 approachinga1525 imminent1528 provenient1554 threatened1567 near-threateninga1586 eminent1587 impendenta1592 sudden1597 ensuing1603 dependenta1616 pending1642 incumbent1646 early1655 fast-approaching1671 impendinga1686 incoming1753 pendent1805 proximatea1831 simmering1843 pending1850 invenient1854 looming1855 forthcoming1859 near-term1929 upcoming1959 1805 ‘E. de Acton’ Nuns of Desert I. 28 The clouds blackened, the tempest was pendant. 1876 Ld. Tennyson Harold ii. ii. 65 Having..lied like a lad That dreads the pendent scourge. 3. Hanging or floating unsupported in the air or in space; supported above the ground on arches, columns, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > high position > [adjective] > elevated in position > on arches or a wall hangingc1170 pendentc1600 pensile1605 the world > space > relative position > support > absence of support > [adjective] > held up without support > in the air poising?1473 pendentc1600 pensile1605 pendulous1608 hovering1630 c1600 Timon (1980) iv. iii. 61 I hearde from Pseudocheus..that the Moone was an Ilande pendante in the Ayre. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxvi. xii. 578 The pendant gallery and walking place at Gnidos. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 126 To be imprison'd in the viewlesse windes And blowne with restlesse violence round about The pendant world. View more context for this quotation 1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia I. vi. 38 You..will easily conceive with what pleasure a philosopher, furnished with wings..would see the earth..rolling beneath him... How must it amuse the pendent spectator to see the moving scene of land and ocean, cities and desarts! ?1790 J. Imison School of Arts (ed. 2) 247 An inverted image of the object will..seem to hang pendant in the air. 1813 J. C. Eustace Tour through Italy I. xii. 265 Strabo..represents it as a pendent garden, raised on lofty arches of white stone, planted with evergreen shrubs. 1929 E. Bowen Cat Jumps in C. Asquith Shudders 122 That first Friday, everything was auspicious; afternoon sky blue as the garden irises; later, a full moon pendant over the river. 1993 Dallas Morning News (Nexis) 5 July 33a The sky's blue-violet velvet over which the pendant moon hung cast the perfect backdrop. 4. Remaining undecided or unsettled; pending; not progressing. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > insecure knowledge, uncertainty > questionable state or quality > [adjective] > awaiting decision pendent1629 pending1642 depending1679 1629 H. Wotton Let. 8 Feb. in L. P. Smith Life & Lett. Sir H. Wotton (1907) II. 314 I find your complaint fallen upon a strange controversy yet pendant. 1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 79 Those same pendant profits, which the spring And Easter intimate. 1829 Q. Rev. 41 412 Our then pendant disputes in America. 1880 J. Muirhead tr. Ulpian Rules ii, in tr. Gaius Institutes 366 So long as the condition is pendent he remains a slave of the heir's. 1931 V. Woolf Waves 201 Time, which is widespread as a field at midday, becomes pendant. 1993 J. W. Moore & J. D. Lucas Moore's Federal Pract. III. a. xviii. 35 The use of supplemental jurisdiction to decide pendent claims under state laws has been upheld in a large number of civil rights cases. 5. Grammar. Having an incomplete grammatical structure. Cf. dangling participle n. at dangling adj. Additions b.Chiefly with reference to use of the nominative case without a verb, as sometimes in a preamble to a sentence containing an anaphoric pronoun. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > [adjective] > not part of proper construction pendent1849 dangling1909 1849 W. Fitzgerald tr. W. Whitaker Disputation Holy Script. 150 Though there be in the holy scriptures some pendent sentences, and inversions. 1884 F. W. Farrar Luke in Cambr. Greek Test. xxi. 6 Ταῦτα ἃ θεωρεῖτε. It is what is called the ‘pendent nominative’. 1990 R. S. Irani & P. Mohanty in Bull. Deccan Coll. Post-Grad. & Res. Inst. 49 161 (heading) A note on pendent nominative construction. Compounds pendent jurisdiction n. U.S. Law the discretionary jurisdiction of a federal court over claims pending under state laws where there is also a claim under federal law arising from the same case; also called supplemental jurisdiction. ΚΠ 1942 Federal Reporter 2nd Ser. 127 6 He also held that the ‘cause of action’ set up under the Trade-Mark Act was not ‘substantial’ enough to confer an incidental or pendent jurisdiction. 1997 R. A. Posner Federal Courts ix. 301 Pendent jurisdiction..allows a plaintiff to join a nonfederal claim with his federal claim in the interest of judicial economy. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.?a1300
随便看	saucershaped saucersized saucery saucery-man sauceryman sauces sauces piquantes saucestained sauch sauchen sauchs sauciate sauciated sauciation saucier saucier pan sauciers sauciest saucilier sauciliest saucily sauciness saucinesses saucing saucisse