单词 | pestilence |
释义 | pestilencen.adv. A. n. 1. a. A fatal epidemic or disease, affecting people or animals; a plague; spec. (frequently in the pestilence) bubonic plague. Also: an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > plague or pestilence > [noun] manqualmeOE deathOE starveOE woundc1369 pestilencea1382 murraina1387 mortality?a1425 plaguea1475 pest1479 cladec1480 traik1513 mortalness1530 pestility1570 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > plague or pestilence > [noun] > bubonic plague pestilencea1382 plague1522 cannikin1612 black plague1626 Black Death1755 bubonic plague1803 bubo plague1833 bubonic1901 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. xxvii. 13 Whi shul ȝee dien, þou & þi puple, with swerd & hunger & pestilence [L. peste]? a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 1370 (MED) Yn Rome fyl a grete moreyne, A pestelens [v.rr. pestlensse; man-qualm] of men. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ix. 1617 (MED) Tancret deide of pestilence. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 360 In the Citee of Rome befille a grete pestilence of men and bestes. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 56 Lyke as a pestylens..destroyth a grete nombur of the pepul wyth out regard of any person had or degre. 1564 W. Bullein Dialogue against Feuer Pestilence (new ed.) sig. Aviiv I met with wagons..full laden with young barnes, for feare of the blacke Pestilence. 1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. viii. 326 About an hundred yeeres ago, all the monks of this monasterie died of a pestilence. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Pestilence or Plague, a Disease arising from an Infection in the Air, accompany'd with Blotches, Boils, and..other dreadful Symptoms. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) II. 485 Should a pestilence come, and sweep off one half of the people. 1823 ‘Mrs. Markham’ Hist. Eng. (1853) xviii. 160 During the great pestilence he bought a piece of ground, which he gave for a burying-ground for those who died in London of that dreadful disease. 1845 G. Budd On Dis. Liver 394 In the winter of 1830–31.., where the pestilence was most rife, the existing race of sheep was almost entirely swept off. 1865 Cornhill Mag. May 591 To be entitled to the name of pestilence, a disease must be unusually fatal, very rapid in its operation, and must destroy great numbers of victims. 1961 Amer. Heritage Bk. Indians 195/1 The fierce Winnebago west of Lake Michigan were crushed by pestilence and by a war they provoked with the Illinois. 1994 Laywitness Sept. 2/1 There will be pestilences and famines and earthquakes in various places. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > oaths other than religious or obscene > imprecations woeOE dahetc1290 confoundc1330 foul (also shame) fall ——c1330 sorrow on——c1330 in the wanianda1352 wildfirea1375 evil theedomc1386 a pestilence on (also upon)c1390 woe betide you (also him, her, etc.)c1390 maldathaita1400 murrainc1400 out ona1415 in the wild waning worldc1485 vengeance?a1500 in a wanion1549 with a wanion1549 woe worth1553 a plague on——a1566 with a wanion to?c1570 with a wanyand1570 bot1584 maugre1590 poxa1592 death1593 rot1594 rot on1595 cancro1597 pax1604 pize on (also upon)1605 vild1605 peascod1606 cargo1607 confusion1608 perditiona1616 (a) pest upon1632 deuce1651 stap my vitals1697 strike me blind, dumb, lucky (if, but—)1697 stop my vitals1699 split me (or my windpipe)1700 rabbit1701 consume1756 capot me!1760 nick me!1760 weary set1788 rats1816 bad cess to1859 curse1885 hanged1887 buggeration1964 the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > greatly or very much [phrase] > extremely or excessively out of (also over, without) measure1340 with a pestilence1594 too —— for anything?a1832 c1390 G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale 4600 Turneth agayn ye proude cherles alle, A verray pestilence vp on yow falle. c1395 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 1264 Olde and angry nygardes of dispence, God sende hem soone verray pestilence! 1568 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Dial Princes (rev. ed.) iv. viii. 129 The pestilens of penny he hath in his purse to blesse him with. 1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. G2v He interpreted to vs with a pestilence. 1598 T. Lodge & R. Greene Looking Glasse (new ed.) sig. B2v We..clap a plaister to him with a pestilence, that mends him with a verie vengeance. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. i. 174 A pestilence on him for a madde rogue. View more context for this quotation 1612 G. Chapman Widdowes Teares ii. sig. Dv Has giuen me a Bone to tire on with a pestilence. 1629 in Bk. Meery Riddles (Jahrbuch) (1906) 12 A man or woman doth say a vengeance or a pestilence on her child or servant or wisheth them dead, yet would be loath it were so. 1758 D. Garrick & E. Capell Antony & Cleopatra ii. ii. 32 The most infectious pestilence upon thee! 1795 E. Fenwick Secresy II. vii. 74 A pestilence on your throat, I say! 1841 R. E. Landor Faith's Fraud i. iv. 115 A pestilence on his house! 1858 N.Y. Daily Times 17 July 2/5 The pestilence take me, for an intermeddling rogue! 2. figurative. That which is morally or socially pernicious; evil conduct, wickedness, sin; an instance of this, an evil.† chair of pestilence n. Obsolete the bench of infamy, seat of wickedness. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > harmful principle, practice, etc. > affecting society pestilencea1382 noisance1413 nuisance1422 noyance1457 annuisance1474 inconvenience1622 public nuisance1638 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Psalms i. 1 Blysful þe man þat..in þe weie of synful stood not & in þe chaȝer of pestilence [L. cathedra pestilentiae] sat not. ?1406 T. Hoccleve La Mâle Règle 260 in E. P. Hammond Eng. Verse between Chaucer & Surrey (1927) 63/2 O flaterie! O lurkyng pestilence! ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iv. met. iii. 20 Mercurie..hath vnbownden hym fro the pestilence of his oostesse [sc. Circes]. a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 44 (MED) Thou knowest them which so longe tyme haue dissimiled the iniquitees through which the corrupte pestilences ar growen amonge vs. ?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 70 Such players of Enterludes..are so noysome a pestilence to infect a Common wealth. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. iii. 347 I'le poure this pestilence into his eare. View more context for this quotation 1633 W. Prynne Histrio-mastix i. f. 560v Clemens Alexandrinus, Tertullian, and S. Chrisostome, call the Play-house; the very seate and chaire of pestilence. 1796 G. H. Noehden & J. Stoddart tr. F. Schiller Fiesco ii. iii. 63 Even on the unsullied mirror of virtue, this hypocrite breathes pestilence. 1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xlvii. 459 If the moral pestilence..could be made discernible too, how terrible the revelation! 1884 J. Parker Apostolic Life III. 126 The charges of pestilence, sedition, ringleadership, profanity, are only pure and simple lies. 1924 Times 16 Oct. 11/3 They were letting these creatures preach their pestilence. 1995 Baltimore Sun (Nexis) 23 Jan. 10 a The way to head off the casino industry..is to join with neighboring states and phase out this pestilence. 3. figurative. That which plagues or troubles; disaster, calamity; an instance of this; a cause of trouble, a plague. Later, in weakened sense: a person who or thing which is troublesome or annoying; a cause of annoyance, a nuisance, a pest. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > [noun] > one who or that which harasses pursuera1382 running sore1453 pesta1522 gall1537 grater1549 plaguer1598 afflicter1600 inflicter1605 a thorn in the flesh or side1611 incubus1648 cumber1669 harasser1707 scunner1796 tin kettle1796 pester1810 pesterer1824 baitera1845 pestilence1886 nudnik1916 ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. i. pr. iv. 43 The governementz of cites..ne schulde noght bryngen in pestilence [L. pestem] and destruccioun to goode folk. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 3 [To] put this trauailland warld jn pes and rest, yat now is put jn grete pestilence. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 274 [Norway] hath also a peculiar pestilence which they caule Leem or Lemmer..a lyttle foure footed beaste abowte the byggenesse of a ratte with a spotted skynne. 1601 J. Marston et al. Iacke Drums Entertainm. iii. sig. E4v Go haste away, flie from the pestilence Of my contagious griefe. 1667 E. Waterhouse Short Narr. Fire London 59 God having..placed in nature ballances and repulsives as well as insolences and pestilences of assaults on harmony. 1772 R. Warner Cheat i. ii. 300 Why not combine together To rid the city of this pestilence. 1886 J. Ruskin Let. 10 Mar. in Lewin Lett. (1909) II. vi. 354 Those cursed publishers are the pestilence of literature. 1893 ‘M. Corelli’ Barabbas (1894) iv. 28 A pestilence in this man's shape doth walk abroad to desolate and disaffect. 1977 S. J. Perelman Eastward Ha! vii. 93 The sleepy riverine capital..was now..a pestilence of traffic jams, bars, brothels. 1992 Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka) 6 Sept. (New Delhi ed.) (Colour Mag.) 15/6 A ten-year-old kept tugging at the trousers of an engineer and chanting, ‘saar, saar, saar’. The engineer could not get rid of the pestilence. colloquial. Used to intensify a statement: confoundedly, utterly. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > extremely or exceedingly > specifically of something bad sorea1300 grievously1340 terrible1490 beastly?1518 shrewdlyc1533 arrantly?1548 murrainly?1548 abominablea1550 pestilence1567 pestilently1567 cursedly1570 pestiferously1570 murrain1575 plaguey1584 plaguilya1586 grievous1598 scandalously1602 horridly1603 terribly1604 monstrously1611 hellish1614 dreadfullya1616 horrid1615 pestilenta1616 infernally1638 preposterously1661 woeful1684 confoundedly1694 confounded1709 glaringly1709 cursed1719 flagrantly1756 weary1790 disgustingly1804 filthy1827 blamed1833 peskily1833 pesky1833 blame1843 blasted1854 wickedly1858 blatantly1878 shamelessly1885 disgracefully1893 ruddy1913 bastarda1935 pissing1951 sodding1954 pissingly1971 1567 Triall of Treasure sig. Biiiv By the Masse but Hewe Howlet is pestilens witty. 1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre ii. ii. 17 in Wks. II The Fayre's pestlence dead, mee thinkes. a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Little French Lawyer iv, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. K2/2 Boh, boh, pestlence cold. Compounds C1. ΚΠ 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Pestilence brynger or causer, fatifer, pestifer. ΚΠ 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Pestilence..causer, fatifer, pestifer. pestilence-laden adj. ΚΠ 1873 M. C. Ames 10 Years in Washington 571 In our own memory it is associated with the pestilence-laden ambulance. 1950 Osiris 9 118 The pestilence-laden shafts of the sun-god Phoebus Apollo. ΚΠ ?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 801/30 Hic saturnus, a pestlens planyt. pestilence-stricken adj. ΚΠ 1820 P. B. Shelley Ode to West Wind i, in Prometheus Unbound 189 Pestilence-stricken multitudes. 1905 W. H. Hunt Pre-Raphaelitism II. ii. 45 The burial-ground close to the walls of the pestilence-stricken city. 2001 Quill & Quire (Nexis) Oct. 14–5 In fact, there was an old, pestilence-stricken tree once in this garden. pestilence time n. now historical ΚΠ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 23 Bi greet corrupcioun of þe aier as in pestilence tyme [L. pestilentia]..þe spirit vitales fleþ his contray. a1450 (?1409) St. Patrick's Purgatory (Royal) 61 (MED) Y mette with..a suster of myne þat was dede long tofore in a pestilence tyme. 2000 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 4 Apr. 2 Matthew Guido won first place for individual documentary for ‘London and Europe During the Pestilence Time: The Bubonic Plague as a Turning Point in History’. C2. ΚΠ 1863 R. C. A. Prior On Pop. Names Brit. Plants 175 Pestilence-weed, G. Pestilenz-wurz, from having been formerly, as Lyte tells us, of great repute as ‘a sovereign medicine against the plague and pestilent fevers’..Tussilago petasites, L. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † pestilencev. Obsolete. rare. transitive. To make (a person) pestilent; to infect with disease. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > plague or pestilence > cause plague or pestilence [verb (transitive)] plaguec1595 pestilence1598 infect1607 empesta1612 1598 R. Tofte Alba iii. sig. F8 v Loue (pestilenzing) doth infect my soule. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.adv.a1382v.1598 |
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