barratorbarratern.

Brit.

/ˈbarətə/, U.S.

/ˈbɛrədər/

Forms: Middle English–1500s baratour, Middle English–1700s barretor, Middle English baratoure, baratowre, baratur, baritur, bariter, barratoure, 1500s baratter, barater, barator, barettour, baretour, barratur, 1500s–1600s barretour, 1500s–1700s barreter, 1600s–1700s barretter, 1600s–1800s barrettor, 1500s– barrator, barrater.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman *baratour = Old French barateor , -eeur (= Italian barattatore , Provençal baratador ) fraudulent dealer, cheat, trickster, < barat : see barrat v. Notwithstanding the derivation of the form < Old French, the sense of ‘fighter, quarreller’ (see barrat n. 3) is much more prominent in this word; the most usual sense, III. intimately blends the two ideas.

I. [ < Anglo-Norman baratour.] A person who deals fraudulently in his or her business or office.

1. A person who buys or sells ecclesiastical preferment, a simoniac or simonist (obsolete); one who buys or sells offices of state.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > benefice > simony > [noun] > one characterized by

simoniac1340

chop-church1391

simonient1395

Simonianc1400

simonialc1405

simoniera1425

gyesite1426

barrator1427

simoner1438

simoniacle1502

simonite1508

Balaamite1559

simonist1567

chopper1581

benefice-monger1583

church-chopper1631

chop-living1634

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [noun] > bribe > one who can be bribed > one who buys or sells offices of state

barrator1867

1427 Acts Jas. I (Scot.) §106 (1597) The King forbiddis, that onie of his lieges send onie expenses till ony barratour, that is now out-with the Realme.

1867 H. W. Longfellow in tr. Dante Inferno I. Notes 296/2 A Barrator, in Dante's use of the word, is..one who sells justice, office, or employment... Bontura was an arch-barrator.

2. A judge who takes bribes.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > unjust or corrupt

ambidexter1451

capon-justicea1639

unjusticea1661

justice broker1690

basket-justice1860

barrator1864

1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (citing Burrill).

1867 [see sense 1].

1884 J. Sibbald Dante's Inf. xxii. 52 (note) The barrators took toll of the administration of justice.

3. A ship's master who commits barratry n. 3.

ΚΠ

1847 in J. Craig New Universal Dict.

II. [ < barrat n. 3, Old Norse barátta.]

†4. One who fights; esp. a hired bully. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > fighting > [noun] > one who fights

fighterc1300

viragoa1387

barratora1400

combatant1489

combater1598

viragoa1616

scuffler1633

blue hen's chicken (also chick)c1800

scrapper1874

fightist1877

a1400 Sir Perc. 263 Kay the bolde baratour.

a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 207 Þe kyng..sent into Chestirschire for barettoures..þat þei schuld com and haue þe kepyng of his body.

1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 840/2 Suche barretors as vsed to take mony to beate any man, & againe wolde not sticke to take mony of him whome they had so beaten, to beate him that first hired them to beate the other.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 13 Hee sees with baretours Troy wals inuironed.

†5. A quarrelsome person; one given to brawling and riot; a rowdy. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > ruffianly conduct > ruffian > [noun] > raising outcry

barratorc1440

brawlc1440

outcrier1535

breacher1697

rowdy1814

roughiea1819

roughneck1834

rough1837

blood-tub1853

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun] > rough or boisterous > person

barratorc1440

brawlc1440

outcrier1535

tear-rogue1685

breacher1697

rowdy1814

roughiea1819

roughneck1834

rough1837

soap-lock1840

roughhouser1901

gurrier1936

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 23 Baratowre, pugnax, rixosus, jurgosus.

a1450 Knt. de la Tour xxxvii. 53 Theues, usureres, bariters, ouerthwarteres.

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xxxij/1 Yf ther be ony comon Ryator Barratur or ony comon nyght walker wythout lyght.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) London 199 Wild Barretters..who delight in brawls and blows.

1714 W. Scroggs Pract. Courts-leet 9 All common Barretors, Scolds, and other Breakers of the Peace.

figurative (of winds).1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 5 Dare ye loa, curst baretours..Too raise such raks iaks on seas?

III. (Combining II. and I.)

6. Law and gen. One who vexatiously raises, or incites to, litigation; a mover or maintainer of law-suits; one who from maliciousness, or for the sake of gain, raises discord between neighbours.The action of a barrator consists, says Coke ( On Litt. 368) ‘(1) in disturbance of the Peace; (2) in taking or keeping of possessions of Lands in controversie, not only by force, but also by subtiltie and a deceit, and most commonly in suppression of truth and right; (3) by false inuentions, and sowing of calumniations, rumors, and reports, etc.’

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > [noun] > causing dissension > one who

sower1380

firebranda1382

barratorc1430

makebate1529

bate-makera1564

mischief-master1567

boutefeu?1584

make-debate1588

breed-bate1593

kindle-fire1595

brew-bate1602

brand1608

fling-brand1616

make-strife1617

mischief-monger1620

blow-coal1622

kindle-coal1630

fire spirit1647

mischief-maker1675

mischief-doer1822

mixer1938

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > party in litigation > [noun] > plaintiff > vexatious

barratorc1430

c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) i. xii. 26 a Simples which that cannot vary May neuer accord with a baratour.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 115 Debate maker, or baratour, incentor.

1635 W. Lambarde & T. Lambarde Archeion (new ed.) 188 No Sheriffe or Steward..shall suffer any Barettor, or maintainer of Quarrels, in their Countrie Courts, or other Courts.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. xiii. 408 A Barreter is an horseleach that onely sucks the corrupted bloud of the Law. He trades onely in tricks and quirks.

1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives (1879) II. 800/1 Those public barreters, who..make it their business to form impeachments.

1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. (at cited word) A common solicitor, who solicits suits, is a common barretor.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Frederic the Great 80 The true wisdom of the great powers was to attack, not each other, but this common barrator.

†7. transferred of things. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1624 R. Montagu Gagg for New Gospell? xviii. 146 Mine and thine, are the common barretters of the World.

1691 T. Tryon Wisdom's Dictates 89 Intemperance..is the Common Barreter that disquiets private Families.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	barrator
释义	barratorbarratern. Brit. /ˈbarətə/, U.S. /ˈbɛrədər/ Forms: Middle English–1500s baratour, Middle English–1700s barretor, Middle English baratoure, baratowre, baratur, baritur, bariter, barratoure, 1500s baratter, barater, barator, barettour, baretour, barratur, 1500s–1600s barretour, 1500s–1700s barreter, 1600s–1700s barretter, 1600s–1800s barrettor, 1500s– barrator, barrater. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman baratour = Old French barateor* , -eeur (= Italian barattatore , Provençal baratador ) fraudulent dealer, cheat, trickster, < barat : see barrat v. Notwithstanding the derivation of the form < Old French, the sense of ‘fighter, quarreller’ (see barrat n. 3) is much more prominent in this word; the most usual sense, III. intimately blends the two ideas. I. [ < Anglo-Norman baratour.] A person who deals fraudulently in his or her business or office. 1. A person who buys or sells ecclesiastical preferment, a simoniac or simonist (obsolete); one who buys or sells offices of state. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > benefice > simony > [noun] > one characterized by simoniac1340 chop-church1391 simonient1395 Simonianc1400 simonialc1405 simoniera1425 gyesite1426 barrator1427 simoner1438 simoniacle1502 simonite1508 Balaamite1559 simonist1567 chopper1581 benefice-monger1583 church-chopper1631 chop-living1634 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [noun] > bribe > one who can be bribed > one who buys or sells offices of state barrator1867 1427 Acts Jas. I (Scot.) §106 (1597) The King forbiddis, that onie of his lieges send onie expenses till ony barratour, that is now out-with the Realme. 1867 H. W. Longfellow in tr. Dante Inferno I. Notes 296/2 A Barrator, in Dante's use of the word, is..one who sells justice, office, or employment... Bontura was an arch-barrator. 2. A judge who takes bribes. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > unjust or corrupt ambidexter1451 capon-justicea1639 unjusticea1661 justice broker1690 basket-justice1860 barrator1864 1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (citing Burrill). 1867 [see sense 1]. 1884 J. Sibbald Dante's Inf. xxii. 52 (note) The barrators took toll of the administration of justice. 3. A ship's master who commits barratry n. 3. ΚΠ 1847 in J. Craig New Universal Dict. II. [ < barrat n. 3, Old Norse barátta.] †4. One who fights; esp. a hired bully. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > fighting > [noun] > one who fights fighterc1300 viragoa1387 barratora1400 combatant1489 combater1598 viragoa1616 scuffler1633 blue hen's chicken (also chick)c1800 scrapper1874 fightist1877 a1400 Sir Perc. 263 Kay the bolde baratour. a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 207 Þe kyng..sent into Chestirschire for barettoures..þat þei schuld com and haue þe kepyng of his body. 1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 840/2 Suche barretors as vsed to take mony to beate any man, & againe wolde not sticke to take mony of him whome they had so beaten, to beate him that first hired them to beate the other. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 13 Hee sees with baretours Troy wals inuironed. †5. A quarrelsome person; one given to brawling and riot; a rowdy. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > ruffianly conduct > ruffian > [noun] > raising outcry barratorc1440 brawlc1440 outcrier1535 breacher1697 rowdy1814 roughiea1819 roughneck1834 rough1837 blood-tub1853 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun] > rough or boisterous > person barratorc1440 brawlc1440 outcrier1535 tear-rogue1685 breacher1697 rowdy1814 roughiea1819 roughneck1834 rough1837 soap-lock1840 roughhouser1901 gurrier1936 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 23 Baratowre, pugnax, rixosus, jurgosus. a1450 Knt. de la Tour xxxvii. 53 Theues, usureres, bariters, ouerthwarteres. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xxxij/1 Yf ther be ony comon Ryator Barratur or ony comon nyght walker wythout lyght. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) London 199 Wild Barretters..who delight in brawls and blows. 1714 W. Scroggs Pract. Courts-leet 9 All common Barretors, Scolds, and other Breakers of the Peace. figurative (of winds).1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 5 Dare ye loa, curst baretours..Too raise such raks iaks on seas? III. (Combining II. and I.) 6. Law and gen. One who vexatiously raises, or incites to, litigation; a mover or maintainer of law-suits; one who from maliciousness, or for the sake of gain, raises discord between neighbours.The action of a barrator consists, says Coke ( On Litt. 368) ‘(1) in disturbance of the Peace; (2) in taking or keeping of possessions of Lands in controversie, not only by force, but also by subtiltie and a deceit, and most commonly in suppression of truth and right; (3) by false inuentions, and sowing of calumniations, rumors, and reports, etc.’ ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > [noun] > causing dissension > one who sower1380 firebranda1382 barratorc1430 makebate1529 bate-makera1564 mischief-master1567 boutefeu?1584 make-debate1588 breed-bate1593 kindle-fire1595 brew-bate1602 brand1608 fling-brand1616 make-strife1617 mischief-monger1620 blow-coal1622 kindle-coal1630 fire spirit1647 mischief-maker1675 mischief-doer1822 mixer1938 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > party in litigation > [noun] > plaintiff > vexatious barratorc1430 c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) i. xii. 26 a Simples which that cannot vary May neuer accord with a baratour. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 115 Debate maker, or baratour, incentor. 1635 W. Lambarde & T. Lambarde Archeion (new ed.) 188 No Sheriffe or Steward..shall suffer any Barettor, or maintainer of Quarrels, in their Countrie Courts, or other Courts. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. xiii. 408 A Barreter is an horseleach that onely sucks the corrupted bloud of the Law. He trades onely in tricks and quirks. 1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives (1879) II. 800/1 Those public barreters, who..make it their business to form impeachments. 1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. (at cited word) A common solicitor, who solicits suits, is a common barretor. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Frederic the Great 80 The true wisdom of the great powers was to attack, not each other, but this common barrator. †7. transferred of things. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1624 R. Montagu Gagg for New Gospell? xviii. 146 Mine and thine, are the common barretters of the World. 1691 T. Tryon Wisdom's Dictates 89 Intemperance..is the Common Barreter that disquiets private Families. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1400
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