Penestn.

Brit.

/pɪˈnɛst/, U.S.

/pəˈnɛst/

Inflections: Plural Penestae, Penestai, Penests.

Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek πενέστης.

Etymology: < ancient Greek πενέστης member of the serf class in ancient Thessaly, considered by ancient writers to be < the same base as πένης labourer, poor man, πένεσθαι to labour (see -penia comb. form), but perhaps rather originally the name of a people. Compare helot n.

Ancient Greek History.

In ancient Thessaly: a member of the serf class.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > serfdom > [noun] > serf > types of

villein regardant1443

helot1579

regardant1646

scallagc1700

borderer1771

bordar1776

mainmortable1779

native (or villein) of stock1828

Penest1835

adscript1837

1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. x. 437 The vast estates of these nobles were cultivated..by their serfs, the Penests.

1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece II. ii. iii. 371 The Free Agora could not be trodden by any Penest.

1885 B. Jowett tr. Aristotle Politics I. ii. ix. 51 The Thessalian Penestae have often risen against their masters, and the Helots in like manner against the Lacedaemonians.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 142/1 In some cases it formed a serf class, e.g. the Penestae in Thessaly, the Helots in Laconia and the Gymnesii at Argos.

1997 Jrnl. Field Archaeology 24 30/1 Even where exploitation of peripheral populations is politically defined..as in..Thessalian dominance over serf (helot, penestai) and secondary-citizen (perioeci) communities, [etc.]

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	penest
释义	Penestn. Brit. /pɪˈnɛst/, U.S. /pəˈnɛst/ Inflections: Plural Penestae, Penestai, Penests. Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek πενέστης. Etymology: < ancient Greek πενέστης member of the serf class in ancient Thessaly, considered by ancient writers to be < the same base as πένης labourer, poor man, πένεσθαι to labour (see -penia comb. form), but perhaps rather originally the name of a people. Compare helot n. Ancient Greek History. In ancient Thessaly: a member of the serf class. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > serfdom > [noun] > serf > types of villein regardant1443 helot1579 regardant1646 scallagc1700 borderer1771 bordar1776 mainmortable1779 native (or villein) of stock1828 Penest1835 adscript1837 1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. x. 437 The vast estates of these nobles were cultivated..by their serfs, the Penests. 1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece II. ii. iii. 371 The Free Agora could not be trodden by any Penest. 1885 B. Jowett tr. Aristotle Politics I. ii. ix. 51 The Thessalian Penestae have often risen against their masters, and the Helots in like manner against the Lacedaemonians. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 142/1 In some cases it formed a serf class, e.g. the Penestae in Thessaly, the Helots in Laconia and the Gymnesii at Argos. 1997 Jrnl. Field Archaeology 24 30/1 Even where exploitation of peripheral populations is politically defined..as in..Thessalian dominance over serf (helot, penestai) and secondary-citizen (perioeci) communities, [etc.] This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1835
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