per capitaadv.adj.

Brit.

/pə ˈkapᵻtə/,

/pəː ˈkapᵻtə/, U.S.

/pər ˈkæpədə/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin per capita.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin per capita for each person (4th or 5th cent.) < classical Latin per per prep. + capita , plural of caput head (see caput n.). Compare classical Latin in capita.

A. adv.

1. For each person or head of population; in relation to people taken individually; on an individual basis.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > individual [phrase] > individually or separately > per person

headOE

per capita1621

per mana1687

per capita1834

per caput1856

per caput1911

a skull1922

1621 G. Hay XXIII Parl. James f. 22 Providing that their payment (per capita) exceede not ten persons.

1684 tr. A. O. Exquemelin Bucaniers Amer. iii. vi. 75 They judged it impossible, that no greater share should belong unto them then 200 pieces of Eight per capita.

1750 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 105 Upon their refusal, the king's commissioners were for assessing the talliage per capita.

1826 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 342 The members of both houses of Congress, voting per capita, elect the deficient number, one by one, from the three highest on the list.

1882 A. S. Armstrong & G. O. Campbell Austral. Sheep Husbandry 238 All stockowners have to pay an assessment per capita, for all sheep and cattle depastured on their runs.

1937 Amer. Home Apr. 121/2 The little country of New Zealand imports more tea per capita even than England.

1955 Times 6 July 8/4 Saving per capita varies considerably from territory to territory, and in each territory from year to year, according to the study.

1995 Guardian 19 Sept. i. 12/6 Kyrgyzstan gets more economic aid per capita than any other former Soviet republic except Russia.

2. Law. Among a number of individuals in equal shares (relating to a form of inheritance in cases of intestacy). Opposed to per stirpes.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > succession > by succession [phrase] > types of succession to property

in stirpes1681

per capita1682

per stirpes1682

a1676 M. Hale De Successionibus (1700) 22 If the next [kindred] be in equal degree..then they are equally called to the Inheritance, and equally succeed in Capita, and not in Stirpes.]

1682 J. Warburton Treat. Hist. Guernsey (1822) 90 Patrimonial estates are divided per stirpes; purchased estates, per capita.

1729 Cases High Court of Chancery (Dublin ed.) II. 51 The money shall be distributed amongst all the Children..per Stirpes, and not per Capita.

1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. xiv. 217 Their representatives..became themselves principals, and shared the inheritance per capita, that is, share and share alike.

1854 in C. Beavan Rep. Cases in Chancery 16 435 Upon the death of Benjamin James and his wife, their share was divisible per capita amongst the children of Benjamin James and of Charles Abrey.

1927 Times 28 Sept. 7/3 The result of this change from per capita to ‘stirpital’ distribution might be to reduce the individual shares of participants in an intestacy to a fraction expressed in thousandths.

1994 D. R. Macdonald Succession 146 When a bequest is left to a number of individuals, it is presumed [sc. in Scots law]..that all who survive the testator take equally per capita.

B. adj. (attributive).

Relating or applied to each person when averaged over a population. Cf. per caput adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > individual [phrase] > individually or separately > per person

headOE

per capita1621

per mana1687

per capita1834

per caput1856

per caput1911

a skull1922

1834 R. R. Madden Let. 14 Nov. in Twelvemonth's Resid. W. Indies (1835) II. 319 Were both immediate, and the per-capita award were substituted for that by valuation..the colonists would most willingly concede the immediate emancipation of their slaves.

1879 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 42 493 The table also shows the per capita consumption of each country of raw cotton, of goods, &c., imported from England.

1905 P. N. Milyoukov Russia & its Crisis vii. 449 The per capita area on which grain may be sown had greatly diminished.

1948 C. E. Dankert Unionism in U.S. iv. 62 National and international unions pay a per capita tax to the Federation of 3 cents per member per month.

1993 New Scientist 24 July 13/2 American and Australian car-based cities could halve their per capita energy use in a 15-year period.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	per capita
释义	per capitaadv.adj. Brit. /pə ˈkapᵻtə/, /pəː ˈkapᵻtə/, U.S. /pər ˈkæpədə/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin per capita. Etymology: < post-classical Latin per capita for each person (4th or 5th cent.) < classical Latin per per prep. + capita , plural of caput head (see caput n.). Compare classical Latin in capita. A. adv. 1. For each person or head of population; in relation to people taken individually; on an individual basis. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > individual [phrase] > individually or separately > per person headOE per capita1621 per mana1687 per capita1834 per caput1856 per caput1911 a skull1922 1621 G. Hay XXIII Parl. James f. 22 Providing that their payment (per capita) exceede not ten persons. 1684 tr. A. O. Exquemelin Bucaniers Amer. iii. vi. 75 They judged it impossible, that no greater share should belong unto them then 200 pieces of Eight per capita. 1750 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 105 Upon their refusal, the king's commissioners were for assessing the talliage per capita. 1826 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 342 The members of both houses of Congress, voting per capita, elect the deficient number, one by one, from the three highest on the list. 1882 A. S. Armstrong & G. O. Campbell Austral. Sheep Husbandry 238 All stockowners have to pay an assessment per capita, for all sheep and cattle depastured on their runs. 1937 Amer. Home Apr. 121/2 The little country of New Zealand imports more tea per capita even than England. 1955 Times 6 July 8/4 Saving per capita varies considerably from territory to territory, and in each territory from year to year, according to the study. 1995 Guardian 19 Sept. i. 12/6 Kyrgyzstan gets more economic aid per capita than any other former Soviet republic except Russia. 2. Law. Among a number of individuals in equal shares (relating to a form of inheritance in cases of intestacy). Opposed to per stirpes. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > succession > by succession [phrase] > types of succession to property in stirpes1681 per capita1682 per stirpes1682 a1676 M. Hale De Successionibus (1700) 22 If the next [kindred] be in equal degree..then they are equally called to the Inheritance, and equally succeed in Capita, and not in Stirpes.] 1682 J. Warburton Treat. Hist. Guernsey (1822) 90 Patrimonial estates are divided per stirpes; purchased estates, per capita. 1729 Cases High Court of Chancery (Dublin ed.) II. 51 The money shall be distributed amongst all the Children..per Stirpes, and not per Capita. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. xiv. 217 Their representatives..became themselves principals, and shared the inheritance per capita, that is, share and share alike. 1854 in C. Beavan Rep. Cases in Chancery 16 435 Upon the death of Benjamin James and his wife, their share was divisible per capita amongst the children of Benjamin James and of Charles Abrey. 1927 Times 28 Sept. 7/3 The result of this change from per capita to ‘stirpital’ distribution might be to reduce the individual shares of participants in an intestacy to a fraction expressed in thousandths. 1994 D. R. Macdonald Succession 146 When a bequest is left to a number of individuals, it is presumed [sc. in Scots law]..that all who survive the testator take equally per capita. B. adj. (attributive). Relating or applied to each person when averaged over a population. Cf. per caput adj. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > individual [phrase] > individually or separately > per person headOE per capita1621 per mana1687 per capita1834 per caput1856 per caput1911 a skull1922 1834 R. R. Madden Let. 14 Nov. in Twelvemonth's Resid. W. Indies (1835) II. 319 Were both immediate, and the per-capita award were substituted for that by valuation..the colonists would most willingly concede the immediate emancipation of their slaves. 1879 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 42 493 The table also shows the per capita consumption of each country of raw cotton, of goods, &c., imported from England. 1905 P. N. Milyoukov Russia & its Crisis vii. 449 The per capita area on which grain may be sown had greatly diminished. 1948 C. E. Dankert Unionism in U.S. iv. 62 National and international unions pay a per capita tax to the Federation of 3 cents per member per month. 1993 New Scientist 24 July 13/2 American and Australian car-based cities could halve their per capita energy use in a 15-year period. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.adj.1621
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