penibleadj.

Brit.

/ˈpɛnᵻbl/, U.S.

/ˈpɛnəb(ə)l/

Forms: Middle English penyble, Middle English peynyble, 1600s 1800s– penible. N.E.D. (1905) also records a form Middle English peinible.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French peinible, penible.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman peinible, penible and Middle French, French †penible (French pénible ) hard-working, painstaking, painful, difficult (12th cent. in Anglo-Norman and Old French as penible ) < pene , peine pain n.¹ + -ible -ible suffix.

Now rare.

†1. Painstaking, assiduous, careful; devoted. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > [adjective] > careful or painstaking

peniblec1375

industrious1531

painful1531

hoful1565

industrous1570

laboriose1680

painstakinga1685

troublesome1818

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > acting with exertion > taking trouble

peniblec1375

laboriose1680

troublesome1818

c1375 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 3490 So worshipful a creature..So penyble [v.r. peynyble] in the werre and curteis eke.

c1395 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 714 The moore trewe..She was to hym in loue, and moore penyble.

a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 2868 (MED) An Emperour..ought him be peynyble, His reme wel for to gouerne and gye.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) 209 The horses..were in this bataylle more stronge and more penyble than were the horses of the turkes.

2. Causing or involving pain or trouble; (very) painful; arduous.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > [adjective]

eileOE

soreOE

balefulc1200

carefulc1200

aching?c1225

pinefulc1225

sughendc1230

pininga1250

stinginga1250

toughc1275

deringa1325

unsetec1325

unwinc1330

throlya1375

encumbrousc1384

grievable1390

painful1395

plaintfula1400

sweamlya1400

swemandc1400

temptingc1400

importunea1425

sweamfulc1430

penible?a1439

discomfortingc1450

grievingc1450

remordingc1450

sorousc1503

badc1530

paining1532

raw1548

nippingc1550

smartful1556

pinching1563

grievesome1568

griping1568

afflictive1576

pressing1591

boisterous1599

heartstruck1608

carkingc1620

gravaminous1659

vellicating1669

weary1785

traumatizing1970

gut-wrenching1972

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. 4177 (MED) Telle on anon, yiff it be possible, Which off these sorwes is founde most penyble.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 6634 He for man hath dyed, And suffryd..many woundys ful terryble, And rebukys ful penyble.

a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 13 (MED) The lowest and penyble degre of perverce fortune is to haue ben happy.

1633 J. Hart Κλινικη Introd. 21 His [sc. a physician's] profession being in it selfe so penible and laborious.

1693 tr. P. Avril Trav. Muscovy iv. 25 Being very Sollicitous to ease the difficulties of so long and so penible a Journey.

1788 A. Coyle Collectanea Sacra I. i. 101 Our Saint was favoured by an angelical vision,..by which he learned, that the pilgrimage of his penible life was to continue four years longer.

1805 P. Chouteau Let. in D. Jackson Lett. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1962) 242 The Warm Season is very dangerous for these Indians of whom perhaps a great number will fall victims to so long and penible a Journey in a climate so different from their own.

1890 E. W. Benson Let. in D. Williams Genesis & Exodus (1979) v. 98 It has been grievously penible to write because the topics are so infinitesimal in comparison to others which ought to be uppermost in the minds of churchmen.

1915 A. Quiller-Couch Nicky-Nan xiii. 164 The steepness of the coombs..was penible to a man of his weight.

1997 European (Nexis) 16 Jan. 17 Other categories of [French] workers may begin to claim that their work is also penible.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	penible
释义	penibleadj. Brit. /ˈpɛnᵻbl/, U.S. /ˈpɛnəb(ə)l/ Forms: Middle English penyble, Middle English peynyble, 1600s 1800s– penible. N.E.D. (1905) also records a form Middle English peinible. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French peinible, penible. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman peinible, penible and Middle French, French †penible (French pénible ) hard-working, painstaking, painful, difficult (12th cent. in Anglo-Norman and Old French as penible ) < pene , peine pain n.¹ + -ible -ible suffix. Now rare. †1. Painstaking, assiduous, careful; devoted. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > [adjective] > careful or painstaking peniblec1375 industrious1531 painful1531 hoful1565 industrous1570 laboriose1680 painstakinga1685 troublesome1818 the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] > acting with exertion > taking trouble peniblec1375 laboriose1680 troublesome1818 c1375 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 3490 So worshipful a creature..So penyble [v.r. peynyble] in the werre and curteis eke. c1395 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 714 The moore trewe..She was to hym in loue, and moore penyble. a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 2868 (MED) An Emperour..ought him be peynyble, His reme wel for to gouerne and gye. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) 209 The horses..were in this bataylle more stronge and more penyble than were the horses of the turkes. 2. Causing or involving pain or trouble; (very) painful; arduous. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > [adjective] eileOE soreOE balefulc1200 carefulc1200 aching?c1225 pinefulc1225 sughendc1230 pininga1250 stinginga1250 toughc1275 deringa1325 unsetec1325 unwinc1330 throlya1375 encumbrousc1384 grievable1390 painful1395 plaintfula1400 sweamlya1400 swemandc1400 temptingc1400 importunea1425 sweamfulc1430 penible?a1439 discomfortingc1450 grievingc1450 remordingc1450 sorousc1503 badc1530 paining1532 raw1548 nippingc1550 smartful1556 pinching1563 grievesome1568 griping1568 afflictive1576 pressing1591 boisterous1599 heartstruck1608 carkingc1620 gravaminous1659 vellicating1669 weary1785 traumatizing1970 gut-wrenching1972 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. 4177 (MED) Telle on anon, yiff it be possible, Which off these sorwes is founde most penyble. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 6634 He for man hath dyed, And suffryd..many woundys ful terryble, And rebukys ful penyble. a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 13 (MED) The lowest and penyble degre of perverce fortune is to haue ben happy. 1633 J. Hart Κλινικη Introd. 21 His [sc. a physician's] profession being in it selfe so penible and laborious. 1693 tr. P. Avril Trav. Muscovy iv. 25 Being very Sollicitous to ease the difficulties of so long and so penible a Journey. 1788 A. Coyle Collectanea Sacra I. i. 101 Our Saint was favoured by an angelical vision,..by which he learned, that the pilgrimage of his penible life was to continue four years longer. 1805 P. Chouteau Let. in D. Jackson Lett. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1962) 242 The Warm Season is very dangerous for these Indians of whom perhaps a great number will fall victims to so long and penible a Journey in a climate so different from their own. 1890 E. W. Benson Let. in D. Williams Genesis & Exodus (1979) v. 98 It has been grievously penible to write because the topics are so infinitesimal in comparison to others which ought to be uppermost in the minds of churchmen. 1915 A. Quiller-Couch Nicky-Nan xiii. 164 The steepness of the coombs..was penible to a man of his weight. 1997 European (Nexis) 16 Jan. 17 Other categories of [French] workers may begin to claim that their work is also penible. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.c1375
随便看	overswing overswinging overswings overswithe overswive overswollen overswum overswung overt overt act overt deed overtakable overtake overtaken overtaker overtakers overtakes overtaking overtalk overtalkative overtalkativeness overtalked overtalker overtalking overtalks