perforateadj.

Brit.

/ˈpəːf(ə)rət/, U.S.

/ˈpərf(ə)rət/,

/ˈpərfəˌreɪt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin perforātus.

Etymology: < classical Latin perforātus, past participle of perforāre perforate v. Compare Middle French, French perforé (14th cent. or earlier), Spanish perforato (1493 in botany), Italian perforato (1321).

Now chiefly Biology.

= perforated adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > an opening or aperture > [adjective] > having (a) hole(s) > bored, pierced, or perforated

thirledc1200

perforate?a1425

bored1553

wimbled1582

through-bored1597

perforated1598

foraminated1599

punched1653

thoroughfared1662

prepunched1940

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 66 (MED) Ne it auaileþ not þat þai sey of þe puncture of þe nerue with þe nedile, for it is perforate, i. persed [L. perforata est], & not excecate, i. blynded, siþ it passeþ þorgh alle þe substance.

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xiv. f. 25 Suche abuses can not be longe hydde frome princis, that haue their eares perforate (as is the prouerbe).

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. C ij b/1 Applyede cleane through the perforate tonge.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §470 An Earthen Pot perforate at the Bottom to let in the Plant.

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. B8 The teeth are serrate & sharp, and two are..perforate, by which they ejaculate their poyson.

1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 33 Alyssum..septum entire or perforate.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvii. [Ithaca] 670 Valuable adhesive or unpressed postage stamps (7 shilling, mauve, imperforate, Hamburg, 1866: 4 pence, rose, blue paper, perforate, Great Britain, 1855 [etc.]).

1985 C. R. Leeson et al. Textbk. Histol. (ed. 5) ii. xvii. 548/2 The external limiting membrane..is perforate in the sense that photoreceptors traverse it.

1996 Chiltern Seeds Catal. 44 C[ampanula] excisa. Perforate Bellflower. An attractive, mat-forming perennial.

Compounds

perforate St John's-wort n. a perennial herbaceous hypericum having leaves dotted with translucent oil glands, Hypericum perforatum, native to Europe and Asia and introduced elsewhere, and widely used in herbal medicine; (in early use also, usually with distinguishing word) †any of several other hypericums having such leaves, esp. H. humifusum (obsolete).

ΚΠ

1769 J. Wallis Nat. Hist. Northumberland I. 203 Small, procumbent perforate St. John's-wort is less common.

1775 H. Rose tr. C. Linnaeus Elements Bot. xi. 381 Hypericum perforatum, perforate St. John's wort.

1863 Trans. Hawick Archæol. Soc. 64/1 This peculiarity [sc. leaves perforated with small translucent dots or holes] is best seen in the Common or Perforate St John's Wort, abundant on scaurs and by hedge sides in dry barren localities.

1964 E. Salisbury Weeds & Aliens (ed. 2) iv. 88 Amongst the weeds proclaimed as noxious in Australia, may be cited Perforate St. John's Wort, Ragwort, Field Convolvulus, and Thanet Cress.

2009 J. Bruton-Seal & M. Seal Backyard Med. 159 (caption) When the light shines through the leaves of perforate St John's wort, the oil glands look like holes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

perforatev.

Brit.

/ˈpəːfəreɪt/, U.S.

/ˈpərfəˌreɪt/

Forms: 1500s– perforate; also Scottish pre-1700 perforate (past participle).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin perforāt-, perforāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin perforāt-, past participial stem (compare -ate suffix³) of perforāre to make a hole in or through, to bore, pierce < per- per- prefix + forāre to bore, pierce (see bore v.¹). Compare Old French, Middle French, French perforer (c1200 as parforer), Old Occitan, Occitan perforar (14th cent.), Spanish perforar (1493), Italian perforare (13th cent.); also German perforieren (1571 as perforirn).

a. transitive. To make a hole or holes right through; to pierce; (in later use) esp. to make a row of small holes in (paper, etc.) so that a part may be torn off easily. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > make an opening or hole in or into > bore, pierce, or perforate

through-shooteOE

borec1000

thirlc1000

through-boreOE

piercec1330

wimblec1440

entera1500

perforate1538

foraminate1599

terebrate1623

drilla1657

forate1657

pertund1657

perviate1657

drill1674

transforate1727

tirl1825

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Inforo..to perforate or make a hole.

1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS f. 228^v The arting of ȝour ene angelicall..my spreit hes perforate.

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. f. 26^v/1 We should perforate or thrust them throughe.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iv. vi. 194 We tooke out the guts and bladder, and also perforated the Cranium.

1673 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words 121 An iron-plate perforated with small holes like a grate.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iv. 407 Worms will perforate the Guts.

1790 Coll. Voy. round World V. xi. 1799 Some of them..perforate the lower-lip into separate holes.

1824 G. Simpson Jrnl. in Fur Trade (1931) 96 The Ears are perforated all round and Beads or Hyaques suspended therefrom.

a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. II. 1668/2 The machine will perforate 250 sheets [of postage stamps] per hour, and the punches and holes are adjustable for stamps of different sizes.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 358/1 The butter-scoop is of wood, and is sometimes perforated; it is used for taking the butter out of the churn.

1960 H. Lee To kill Mockingbird (1963) ii. xxix. 273 His sleeves were perforated with little holes.

2000 N.Y. Times 6 Apr. e6/2 His method..was to..perforate the outlines of the drawing with pinholes and then slap the paper with coal dust to leave marks on the wall.

b. transitive. Of a channel, passage, tunnel, network, etc.: to pass through; to extend or be continued through the substance of. Usually in passive, with by, with.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > specific directions > direct in specific directions [verb (transitive)] > extend through

perforate1578

permeate1660

transpierce1908

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man vii. f. 89^v It [sc. the pleura] is perforated..with an orderly consert of Veynes, and Arteries.

1675 E. Wilson Spadacrene Dunelmensis 23 The bottom of the Sea..is perforated with sundry voraginous inlets and patent mouths.

1788 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 78 354 The oesophagus was before it, inclining more and more to the right towards its lower extremity, and it at length perforated the diaphragm somewhat on the right-side of the spine.

1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 242 Dark passages, with which this old city is perforated, like an ancient cheese.

1840 G. V. Ellis Demonstr. Anat. 56 The divisions of the eighth nerve..again perforate the dura mater through smaller openings.

1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals iii. 163 In the organ coral (Tubipora), the skeleton has the character of that of the ordinary stone-corals, except that it is perforated by numerous minute canals.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xiv. 356 The spinnerets..are movable, and their ends are perforated by numerous..tubes or spinning spools.

1947 A. D. Imms Outl. Entomol. (ed. 3) ii. 57 The heart is a narrow continuous vessel whose sides are perforated with vertical slit-like openings or ostia.

2003 Fortune (Nexis) 17 Feb. 120 c The head consists of a silicon plate perforated by ink nozzles and glued to a piece of flexible plastic.

c. transitive. To make a hole or holes into the interior of (a thing); to bore into; make an opening into; penetrate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > make an opening or hole in or into

holec1000

openOE

to make way1581

perforate?1660

to make (also have) the sun shine through1679

ventilate1917

?1660 T. Jordan Divinity & Morality sig. §§§ That dart Which perforated Alexanders heart.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 430/1 This Needle being..heated red hot..makes a Seton, or perforates the flesh almost paineless.

1712 R. Blackmore Creation i. 20 Tell, what could drill and perforate the Poles, And to th' attractive Rays adapt their Holes?

1863 H. W. Bates Naturalist on River Amazons II. ii. 96 The ground is perforated with the entrances to their subterranean galleries.

a1916 J. London Red One in Red One (1918) 14 A twisted and wizened complex of apish features, perforated by upturned, sky-open, Mongolian nostrils.

1981 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 15 May 1/6 Almost five and a half hours of surgery..for multiple lesions caused by a bullet that perforated the abdominal cavity.

2003 Pittsburgh Post-Gaz. (Nexis) 7 May s3 The last thing a guy wants is a flower pinned to his chest, particularly by a nervous girl who is likely to perforate a lung.

2. Now chiefly Medicine.

a. intransitive. To penetrate, esp. into or through something; to make a perforation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come in [verb (intransitive)] > penetrate

wade993

smitec1275

reachc1300

piercea1325

sinkc1330

enterc1350

soundc1374

thirl1398

racea1420

takea1425

penetrate1530

penetre?1533

ransack1562

strike1569

thread1670

raze1677

perforate1769

spit1850

riddle1856

1769 J. Hall-Stevenson Yorick's Sentimental Journey Continued III. 70 Casting a most amorous leer through those beautiful eye-lashes, which penetrated farther than I thought it possible for a single look to perforate.

1800 W. Dunlap tr. A. von Kotzebue False Shame ii. i. 21 A swarm of knats breaks up the party, and a drop of rain makes them scamper, as if it perforated through their skulls.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 975 The stomach..may become adherent to the transverse colon into which the ulcer perforates.

1935 Isis 23 350 Renal abscess, characterised by a very irregular fever, and then perforating into the renal pelvis.

1968 Brit. Jrnl. Plastic Surg. 21 361 Along these..borders of the flap a rose-head dental bur was used to perforate through the entire thickness of the bone.

2002 Chest (Nexis) 1 July 311 Intramural hematoma formation is more common in the descending thoracic aorta. It can perforate through the intima and transform into a frank aortic dissection.

b. intransitive. To undergo perforation; to become perforated.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > become or make perforated [verb (intransitive)] > become full of holes > become perforated

perforate1897

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 889 The cysts are apt to perforate and to burst.

1942 Science 20 Nov. 476/2 Necropsy showed..a gastric ulcer one cm in diameter which had perforated.

1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 7 Oct. (Abstracts) 4/2 In one patient a tuberculous empyema, which had first perforated many years previously, presented with bronchial dilations in the affected segment.

2003 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 16 Mar. vi. 58/1 They have bowels that perforate, bones so brittle they snap.

3. transitive. To form (a hole) by boring, piercing, punching, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > by boring, piercing, or perforating

piercec1392

bore?1523

drive?a1525

thirl1609

drill1669

perforate1777

stick1834

puncture1851

sieve1875

pin1897

1777 tr. Voltaire in tr. J. L. Wagnière Historical Mem. xvii. 181 It was proposed to perforate a hole to the center of the earth.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 825 Eight holes..are perforated obliquely through the substance of the trompe, called the vent-holes or nostrils.

1876 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright Telegraphy §120 The punches which perforate these holes in the paper.

1928 H. Peake & H. J. Fleure Steppe & Sown ix. 104 At Mochlos Seager found one double axe of copper and two of lead, with holes perforated through the centre for the shaft.

1946 Man. Operation Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (Harvard Computation Lab.) ii. 12 Each horizontal line of holes perforated in the tape is the equivalent of a single spoken command.

2000 Guardian (Nexis) 24 Aug. 15 Where they have located a pipeline they will perforate holes and quietly they will lay pipeline up to one kilometre where they siphon the fuel at will.

4. transitive. U.S. slang. To shoot or stab (a person).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > fire (a gun) [verb (transitive)] > shoot (a person or thing)

shoot1617

to bird off1688

to knock downa1744

to pick off1745

pop1762

drill1808

plug1833

perforate1838

slap1842

stop1845

pot1860

spot1882

plunk1888

pip1900

souvenir1915

poop1917

spray1922

smoke1926

zap1942

crack1943

pot-shoot1969

1838 Crockett Almanacks (1955) 120 Surrender, stranger, or I may perforate ye.

1876 T. W. Knox Underground lxi. 868 Had he [sc. Captain Kidd] prodded him with a sword, or perforated him with a pistol, he might have been acquitted; but this assault with a bucket was too much.

1928 N.Y. Times 10 June viii. 2/1 Not that..[he] would perforate you with a poniard if you chanced to tread on his toes.

1993 J. G. Rosa Age of Gunfighter (2000) iv. 159 Bill would perforate his opponent and then do his blustering at the funeral.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	perforate
释义	perforateadj. Brit. /ˈpəːf(ə)rət/, U.S. /ˈpərf(ə)rət/, /ˈpərfəˌreɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin perforātus. Etymology: < classical Latin perforātus, past participle of perforāre perforate v. Compare Middle French, French perforé (14th cent. or earlier), Spanish perforato (1493 in botany), Italian perforato (1321). Now chiefly Biology. = perforated adj. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > an opening or aperture > [adjective] > having (a) hole(s) > bored, pierced, or perforated thirledc1200 perforate?a1425 bored1553 wimbled1582 through-bored1597 perforated1598 foraminated1599 punched1653 thoroughfared1662 prepunched1940 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 66 (MED) Ne it auaileþ not þat þai sey of þe puncture of þe nerue with þe nedile, for it is perforate, i. persed [L. perforata est], & not excecate, i. blynded, siþ it passeþ þorgh alle þe substance. 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xiv. f. 25 Suche abuses can not be longe hydde frome princis, that haue their eares perforate (as is the prouerbe). 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. C ij b/1 Applyede cleane through the perforate tonge. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §470 An Earthen Pot perforate at the Bottom to let in the Plant. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. B8 The teeth are serrate & sharp, and two are..perforate, by which they ejaculate their poyson. 1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 33 Alyssum..septum entire or perforate. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvii. [Ithaca] 670 Valuable adhesive or unpressed postage stamps (7 shilling, mauve, imperforate, Hamburg, 1866: 4 pence, rose, blue paper, perforate, Great Britain, 1855 [etc.]). 1985 C. R. Leeson et al. Textbk. Histol. (ed. 5) ii. xvii. 548/2 The external limiting membrane..is perforate in the sense that photoreceptors traverse it. 1996 Chiltern Seeds Catal. 44 C[ampanula] excisa. Perforate Bellflower. An attractive, mat-forming perennial. Compounds perforate St John's-wort n. a perennial herbaceous hypericum having leaves dotted with translucent oil glands, Hypericum perforatum, native to Europe and Asia and introduced elsewhere, and widely used in herbal medicine; (in early use also, usually with distinguishing word) †any of several other hypericums having such leaves, esp. H. humifusum (obsolete). ΚΠ 1769 J. Wallis Nat. Hist. Northumberland I. 203 Small, procumbent perforate St. John's-wort is less common. 1775 H. Rose tr. C. Linnaeus Elements Bot. xi. 381 Hypericum perforatum, perforate St. John's wort. 1863 Trans. Hawick Archæol. Soc. 64/1 This peculiarity [sc. leaves perforated with small translucent dots or holes] is best seen in the Common or Perforate St John's Wort, abundant on scaurs and by hedge sides in dry barren localities. 1964 E. Salisbury Weeds & Aliens (ed. 2) iv. 88 Amongst the weeds proclaimed as noxious in Australia, may be cited Perforate St. John's Wort, Ragwort, Field Convolvulus, and Thanet Cress. 2009 J. Bruton-Seal & M. Seal Backyard Med. 159 (caption) When the light shines through the leaves of perforate St John's wort, the oil glands look like holes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). perforatev. Brit. /ˈpəːfəreɪt/, U.S. /ˈpərfəˌreɪt/ Forms: 1500s– perforate; also Scottish pre-1700 perforate (past participle). Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin perforāt-, perforāre. Etymology: < classical Latin perforāt-, past participial stem (compare -ate suffix³) of perforāre to make a hole in or through, to bore, pierce < per- per- prefix + forāre to bore, pierce (see bore v.¹). Compare Old French, Middle French, French perforer (c1200 as parforer), Old Occitan, Occitan perforar (14th cent.), Spanish perforar (1493), Italian perforare (13th cent.); also German perforieren (1571 as perforirn). 1. a. transitive. To make a hole or holes right through; to pierce; (in later use) esp. to make a row of small holes in (paper, etc.) so that a part may be torn off easily. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > make an opening or hole in or into > bore, pierce, or perforate through-shooteOE borec1000 thirlc1000 through-boreOE piercec1330 wimblec1440 entera1500 perforate1538 foraminate1599 terebrate1623 drilla1657 forate1657 pertund1657 perviate1657 drill1674 transforate1727 tirl1825 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Inforo..to perforate or make a hole. 1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS f. 228^v The arting of ȝour ene angelicall..my spreit hes perforate. 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. f. 26^v/1 We should perforate or thrust them throughe. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iv. vi. 194 We tooke out the guts and bladder, and also perforated the Cranium. View more context for this quotation 1673 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words 121 An iron-plate perforated with small holes like a grate. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iv. 407 Worms will perforate the Guts. 1790 Coll. Voy. round World V. xi. 1799 Some of them..perforate the lower-lip into separate holes. 1824 G. Simpson Jrnl. in Fur Trade (1931) 96 The Ears are perforated all round and Beads or Hyaques suspended therefrom. a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. II. 1668/2 The machine will perforate 250 sheets [of postage stamps] per hour, and the punches and holes are adjustable for stamps of different sizes. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 358/1 The butter-scoop is of wood, and is sometimes perforated; it is used for taking the butter out of the churn. 1960 H. Lee To kill Mockingbird (1963) ii. xxix. 273 His sleeves were perforated with little holes. 2000 N.Y. Times 6 Apr. e6/2 His method..was to..perforate the outlines of the drawing with pinholes and then slap the paper with coal dust to leave marks on the wall. b. transitive. Of a channel, passage, tunnel, network, etc.: to pass through; to extend or be continued through the substance of. Usually in passive, with by, with. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > specific directions > direct in specific directions [verb (transitive)] > extend through perforate1578 permeate1660 transpierce1908 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man vii. f. 89^v It [sc. the pleura] is perforated..with an orderly consert of Veynes, and Arteries. 1675 E. Wilson Spadacrene Dunelmensis 23 The bottom of the Sea..is perforated with sundry voraginous inlets and patent mouths. 1788 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 78 354 The oesophagus was before it, inclining more and more to the right towards its lower extremity, and it at length perforated the diaphragm somewhat on the right-side of the spine. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 242 Dark passages, with which this old city is perforated, like an ancient cheese. 1840 G. V. Ellis Demonstr. Anat. 56 The divisions of the eighth nerve..again perforate the dura mater through smaller openings. 1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals iii. 163 In the organ coral (Tubipora), the skeleton has the character of that of the ordinary stone-corals, except that it is perforated by numerous minute canals. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xiv. 356 The spinnerets..are movable, and their ends are perforated by numerous..tubes or spinning spools. 1947 A. D. Imms Outl. Entomol. (ed. 3) ii. 57 The heart is a narrow continuous vessel whose sides are perforated with vertical slit-like openings or ostia. 2003 Fortune (Nexis) 17 Feb. 120 c The head consists of a silicon plate perforated by ink nozzles and glued to a piece of flexible plastic. c. transitive. To make a hole or holes into the interior of (a thing); to bore into; make an opening into; penetrate. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > make an opening or hole in or into holec1000 openOE to make way1581 perforate?1660 to make (also have) the sun shine through1679 ventilate1917 ?1660 T. Jordan Divinity & Morality sig. §§§ That dart Which perforated Alexanders heart. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 430/1 This Needle being..heated red hot..makes a Seton, or perforates the flesh almost paineless. 1712 R. Blackmore Creation i. 20 Tell, what could drill and perforate the Poles, And to th' attractive Rays adapt their Holes? 1863 H. W. Bates Naturalist on River Amazons II. ii. 96 The ground is perforated with the entrances to their subterranean galleries. a1916 J. London Red One in Red One (1918) 14 A twisted and wizened complex of apish features, perforated by upturned, sky-open, Mongolian nostrils. 1981 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 15 May 1/6 Almost five and a half hours of surgery..for multiple lesions caused by a bullet that perforated the abdominal cavity. 2003 Pittsburgh Post-Gaz. (Nexis) 7 May s3 The last thing a guy wants is a flower pinned to his chest, particularly by a nervous girl who is likely to perforate a lung. 2. Now chiefly Medicine. a. intransitive. To penetrate, esp. into or through something; to make a perforation. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming in > go or come in [verb (intransitive)] > penetrate wade993 smitec1275 reachc1300 piercea1325 sinkc1330 enterc1350 soundc1374 thirl1398 racea1420 takea1425 penetrate1530 penetre?1533 ransack1562 strike1569 thread1670 raze1677 perforate1769 spit1850 riddle1856 1769 J. Hall-Stevenson Yorick's Sentimental Journey Continued III. 70 Casting a most amorous leer through those beautiful eye-lashes, which penetrated farther than I thought it possible for a single look to perforate. 1800 W. Dunlap tr. A. von Kotzebue False Shame ii. i. 21 A swarm of knats breaks up the party, and a drop of rain makes them scamper, as if it perforated through their skulls. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 975 The stomach..may become adherent to the transverse colon into which the ulcer perforates. 1935 Isis 23 350 Renal abscess, characterised by a very irregular fever, and then perforating into the renal pelvis. 1968 Brit. Jrnl. Plastic Surg. 21 361 Along these..borders of the flap a rose-head dental bur was used to perforate through the entire thickness of the bone. 2002 Chest (Nexis) 1 July 311 Intramural hematoma formation is more common in the descending thoracic aorta. It can perforate through the intima and transform into a frank aortic dissection. b. intransitive. To undergo perforation; to become perforated. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > become or make perforated [verb (intransitive)] > become full of holes > become perforated perforate1897 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 889 The cysts are apt to perforate and to burst. 1942 Science 20 Nov. 476/2 Necropsy showed..a gastric ulcer one cm in diameter which had perforated. 1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 7 Oct. (Abstracts) 4/2 In one patient a tuberculous empyema, which had first perforated many years previously, presented with bronchial dilations in the affected segment. 2003 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 16 Mar. vi. 58/1 They have bowels that perforate, bones so brittle they snap. 3. transitive. To form (a hole) by boring, piercing, punching, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > by boring, piercing, or perforating piercec1392 bore?1523 drive?a1525 thirl1609 drill1669 perforate1777 stick1834 puncture1851 sieve1875 pin1897 1777 tr. Voltaire in tr. J. L. Wagnière Historical Mem. xvii. 181 It was proposed to perforate a hole to the center of the earth. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 825 Eight holes..are perforated obliquely through the substance of the trompe, called the vent-holes or nostrils. 1876 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright Telegraphy §120 The punches which perforate these holes in the paper. 1928 H. Peake & H. J. Fleure Steppe & Sown ix. 104 At Mochlos Seager found one double axe of copper and two of lead, with holes perforated through the centre for the shaft. 1946 Man. Operation Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (Harvard Computation Lab.) ii. 12 Each horizontal line of holes perforated in the tape is the equivalent of a single spoken command. 2000 Guardian (Nexis) 24 Aug. 15 Where they have located a pipeline they will perforate holes and quietly they will lay pipeline up to one kilometre where they siphon the fuel at will. 4. transitive. U.S. slang. To shoot or stab (a person). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > fire (a gun) [verb (transitive)] > shoot (a person or thing) shoot1617 to bird off1688 to knock downa1744 to pick off1745 pop1762 drill1808 plug1833 perforate1838 slap1842 stop1845 pot1860 spot1882 plunk1888 pip1900 souvenir1915 poop1917 spray1922 smoke1926 zap1942 crack1943 pot-shoot1969 1838 Crockett Almanacks (1955) 120 Surrender, stranger, or I may perforate ye. 1876 T. W. Knox Underground lxi. 868 Had he [sc. Captain Kidd] prodded him with a sword, or perforated him with a pistol, he might have been acquitted; but this assault with a bucket was too much. 1928 N.Y. Times 10 June viii. 2/1 Not that..[he] would perforate you with a poniard if you chanced to tread on his toes. 1993 J. G. Rosa Age of Gunfighter (2000) iv. 159 Bill would perforate his opponent and then do his blustering at the funeral. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.?a1425v.1538
随便看	aeroballistics aerobat aerobate aerobatic aerobatics aerobats aerobe aerobes aerobian aerobic africa star african african american african american english african american language african american vernacular english african americans african bee african blackwood african buffalo african civet african cubebs african cypress african daisy african elephant