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单词 performatory
释义

performatoryadj.n.

Brit. /pəˈfɔːmət(ə)ri/, U.S. /pərˈfɔrməˌtɔri/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: perform v., -atory suffix2.
Etymology: < perform v. + -atory suffix2. With the adjective compare earlier performative adj. With the noun compare slightly later performative n.Compare the following statement by J. L. Austin:1955 J. L. Austin MS Lect. Notes: How to do Things with Words (Bodl. Eng. Misc. c. 394) f. 50 Formerly I used ‘performatory’: but ‘performative’ is to be preferred.
A. adj.
= performative adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > [adjective] > of a speech act
performative1922
performatory1949
perlocutionary1955
1949 Philosophy 24 90 There are..performatory sentences like ‘I name this ship Shamrock’.
1949 Mind 58 359 To make a promise is to perform an act in which language is involved as an integral part... Mr. J. L. Austin distinguishes this as the ‘performatory’ use of language. I am indebted to him for this point.
1967 Listener 2 Feb. 162/1 The listener..may have expected a more substantial work than was due to be played... If he perseveres with it, what sounded prefatory can come to sound performatory.
1996 Q. Rev. Biol. 71 295/2 Part III presents five fundamental systems (the basic orienting system, the eating and drinking systems, the locomotory system, the performatory action system, and the expressive action system).
B. n.
= performative n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > [noun] > a speech act or fact of being a speech act
descriptive1952
illocution1955
locution1955
performative1955
performatory1955
perlocution1955
performativeness1960
performativity1970
1955 J. L. Austin MS Lect. Notes: How to do Things with Words (Bodl. Eng. Misc. c. 394) f. 53 A few typical utterances of the type known as performatories or performatives.
1958 R. S. Hartman in R. Klibansky Philos. in Mid-Cent. III. 8 Positivists have fulfilled the rôle assigned to them, and in various ways analyzed such expressions..as imperatives.., optatives.., performatories.., and the like.

Derivatives

perˈformatorily adv.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > [adverb] > as regards speech acts
performatorily1951
performatively1958
1951 Aristotelian Soc. Suppl. Vol. 25 207 Group I [sc. the verbs ‘advise’, ‘order’, ‘command’, ‘tell’] can be used performatorily, but Group II [sc. the verbs ‘persuade’, ‘induce’, ‘cause’, ‘get’] cannot.
1962 Philos. Rev. 71 24 Hence Descartes could use the performatorily interpreted cogito insight to argue that the human soul is a res cogitans, but not to argue that it is essentially a willing or feeling being.
1997 Rev. Metaphysics 51 22 By contrast, the counter-positions are performatorily inconsistent.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.1949
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