pennateadj.

Brit.

/ˈpɛneɪt/,

/ˈpɛnət/, U.S.

/ˈpɛnˌeɪt/,

/ˈpɛnət/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pennātus.

Etymology: < classical Latin pennātus winged, in post-classical Latin also (of a leaf) pinnate < penna feather (see pen n.³) + -ātus -ate suffix². In sense 4 after scientific Latin Pennatae , group name (F. Schütt in A. Engler & K. Prantl Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (1896) i. §1b 56). Compare pennated adj.

†1. Botany. Of a leaf: pinnate. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [adjective] > compound or lobed

cut1565

winged1668

pinnate1687

conjugated1690

trifoliated1698

auriculated1712

auriculate1714

pennate1723

pinnated1725

pennated1727

bigeminate1753

lyrated1753

pedated1753

pinnatifid1753

supradecomposite1753

supradecompound1753

ternated1753

trifoliate1753

lyrate1760

pedate1760

quinate1760

ternate1760

tripinnate1760

palmed1767

bilobated1770

lyre-shaped1778

pennatifid1778

finger-parted1783

superdecompound1783

bipinnate1785

biternate1785

conjugate1785

lobed1787

tergeminate1793

wing-cleft1796

yoked?1803

binate1807

septenate1807

trijugous1813

auricled1821

pinniform1821

multijugous1828

pinnulate1828

trifoliolate1828

bipinnatifid1830

multifoliolate1831

multijugate1831

quinquefoliolate1832

bifoliolate1835

pinnatisected1837

palmatifid1839

tripinnatifid1839

foliate1840

palmatipartite1840

pinnatilobate1840

pinnatipartite1840

pinnatisect1840

bipinnated1842

biconjugate1847

imparipinnate1847

paripinnate1851

pinnatulate1855

polytomous1856

multifoliate1857

pennati-partite1857

pennati-sected1857

ternato-pinnate1857

tripinnatisect1857

patentoternate1859

septemfoliate1859

bipinnatipartite1861

bipinnatisected1861

bipalmate1864

pinnatilobed1866

septenous1866

cut-leaved1870

lobing1870

ternatisect1870

tripinnated1876

trijugate1880

jugate1887

pinnulated1890

trisect1899

tridigitate1900

trigeminous1900

1723 P. Blair Pharmaco-botanologia i. 10 Dark green, pennate Leaves, i e. consisting of several Pairs of Leaves joyn'd to a Midrib, with one at the Extremity.

1745 Mem. Royal Soc. (ed. 2) VIII. 162 The Dr. no longer doubted, but that this leaf was of the compound pinnate kind.

1790 Med. Communications 4 378 This plant [sc. Mimosa pudica] has pennate leaves, placed on long petioles.

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Oppositipennatus, applied to pennate leaves, of which the folioles are opposite.

†2. Winged. In quot. figurative: very swift. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > [adjective]

swiftc888

swifta1050

currentc1300

quickc1300

hastivea1325

hastyc1330

ingnel1340

swiftyc1380

speedfula1387

fasta1400

swippingc1420

speedy1487

fleet1528

tite?a1540

scudding1545

flighty1552

suddenly1556

flight1581

feathered1587

Pegasean1590

wing-footed1591

swift-winged?1592

thought-swift-flying1595

wind-winged?1596

swallow-winged1597

Pegasarian1607

skelping1607

rapid1608

night-swifta1616

celerious1632

clipping1635

perniciousa1656

volatile1655

quick-foot1658

meteorous1667

windy1697

high-flying1710

fleet-footed1726

aliped1727

wickc1760

velocious1775

flight-performing1785

fast-going1800

fast-moving1802

meteor1803

wight-wapping1830

fleety1841

speeding1847

swiftening1848

two-forty1855

fire-swift1865

pennate1870

spinning1882

percursory1884

zippy1889

meteoric1895

pacy1906

presto1952

1870 R. R. Coverdale Poems (new ed.) 35 On pennate feet they tread the way.

3. Anatomy and Biology. Of a muscle: having fibres attached to a tendon like the barbs of a feather to the rachis. Cf. earlier penniform adj., pennated adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > types of muscles > [adjective]

orbicular1615

biceps1634

bicipital1646

trigastric1676

adducent1694

biventral1706

attollent1713

penniform1713

antagonistic1725

monogastric1749

adductory1752

sublime1800

pennated1836–9

intrinsic1839

pennate1877

sphincteric1883

sphinctrate1887

sphincterial1889

agonistic1905

sphinctered1963

1877 I. Rosenthal Gen. Physiol. Muscles & Nerves 91 The fibres are attached at an angle to a long tendon, from which they all branch off in one direction (semi-pennate muscles), or in two directions like the plumes of a feather (pennate muscles).

1946 Amer. Midland Naturalist 35 590 The external head is a heavy pennate muscle.

1965 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 162 145 A similar difference in tendon thickness exists between fusiform and pennate muscles of the same cross-sectional area.

2001 Surg. & Radiol. Anat. 23 389 This muscle [sc. the temporal] does not have the pennate structure of the masseter and pterygoid muscles.

4. Botany. Of a diatom: having an elongated, zygomorphic shell. Cf. centric adj. 4.

ΚΠ

1899 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 515 In the second type two auxospores are formed from four daughter-cells resulting from two mother-cells. It has been observed in many species, and is the prevailing one in the ‘pennate diatoms’.

1909 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 81 193 The Pennate Diatoms are much the most numerous and conspicuous.

1916 G. S. West Algæ I. 123 The degree of development of the raphe..is without doubt the most important morphological structure of the pennate diatom.

1933 G. M. Smith Fresh-water Algae U.S. 196 Pennate Diatoms have areolae so small that they appear as minute dots.

1984 J. J. Lowe & M. J. C. Walker Reconstructing Quaternary Environments iv. 169 The freshwater, soil or epiphytic niches are dominated by pennate diatoms.

1993 Nature 11 Mar. 141/2 Intervals of highest biosiliceous phytoplankton abundance are recorded by near monospecific assemblages of the pennate diatom Thalassiothrix present in laminated diatom ooze.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pennate
释义	pennateadj. Brit. /ˈpɛneɪt/, /ˈpɛnət/, U.S. /ˈpɛnˌeɪt/, /ˈpɛnət/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pennātus. Etymology: < classical Latin pennātus winged, in post-classical Latin also (of a leaf) pinnate < penna feather (see pen n.³) + -ātus -ate suffix². In sense 4 after scientific Latin Pennatae , group name (F. Schütt in A. Engler & K. Prantl Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (1896) i. §1b 56). Compare pennated adj. †1. Botany. Of a leaf: pinnate. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [adjective] > compound or lobed cut1565 winged1668 pinnate1687 conjugated1690 trifoliated1698 auriculated1712 auriculate1714 pennate1723 pinnated1725 pennated1727 bigeminate1753 lyrated1753 pedated1753 pinnatifid1753 supradecomposite1753 supradecompound1753 ternated1753 trifoliate1753 lyrate1760 pedate1760 quinate1760 ternate1760 tripinnate1760 palmed1767 bilobated1770 lyre-shaped1778 pennatifid1778 finger-parted1783 superdecompound1783 bipinnate1785 biternate1785 conjugate1785 lobed1787 tergeminate1793 wing-cleft1796 yoked?1803 binate1807 septenate1807 trijugous1813 auricled1821 pinniform1821 multijugous1828 pinnulate1828 trifoliolate1828 bipinnatifid1830 multifoliolate1831 multijugate1831 quinquefoliolate1832 bifoliolate1835 pinnatisected1837 palmatifid1839 tripinnatifid1839 foliate1840 palmatipartite1840 pinnatilobate1840 pinnatipartite1840 pinnatisect1840 bipinnated1842 biconjugate1847 imparipinnate1847 paripinnate1851 pinnatulate1855 polytomous1856 multifoliate1857 pennati-partite1857 pennati-sected1857 ternato-pinnate1857 tripinnatisect1857 patentoternate1859 septemfoliate1859 bipinnatipartite1861 bipinnatisected1861 bipalmate1864 pinnatilobed1866 septenous1866 cut-leaved1870 lobing1870 ternatisect1870 tripinnated1876 trijugate1880 jugate1887 pinnulated1890 trisect1899 tridigitate1900 trigeminous1900 1723 P. Blair Pharmaco-botanologia i. 10 Dark green, pennate Leaves, i e. consisting of several Pairs of Leaves joyn'd to a Midrib, with one at the Extremity. 1745 Mem. Royal Soc. (ed. 2) VIII. 162 The Dr. no longer doubted, but that this leaf was of the compound pinnate kind. 1790 Med. Communications 4 378 This plant [sc. Mimosa pudica] has pennate leaves, placed on long petioles. 1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Oppositipennatus, applied to pennate leaves, of which the folioles are opposite. †2. Winged. In quot. figurative: very swift. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > [adjective] swiftc888 swifta1050 currentc1300 quickc1300 hastivea1325 hastyc1330 ingnel1340 swiftyc1380 speedfula1387 fasta1400 swippingc1420 speedy1487 fleet1528 tite?a1540 scudding1545 flighty1552 suddenly1556 flight1581 feathered1587 Pegasean1590 wing-footed1591 swift-winged?1592 thought-swift-flying1595 wind-winged?1596 swallow-winged1597 Pegasarian1607 skelping1607 rapid1608 night-swifta1616 celerious1632 clipping1635 perniciousa1656 volatile1655 quick-foot1658 meteorous1667 windy1697 high-flying1710 fleet-footed1726 aliped1727 wickc1760 velocious1775 flight-performing1785 fast-going1800 fast-moving1802 meteor1803 wight-wapping1830 fleety1841 speeding1847 swiftening1848 two-forty1855 fire-swift1865 pennate1870 spinning1882 percursory1884 zippy1889 meteoric1895 pacy1906 presto1952 1870 R. R. Coverdale Poems (new ed.) 35 On pennate feet they tread the way. 3. Anatomy and Biology. Of a muscle: having fibres attached to a tendon like the barbs of a feather to the rachis. Cf. earlier penniform adj., pennated adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > types of muscles > [adjective] orbicular1615 biceps1634 bicipital1646 trigastric1676 adducent1694 biventral1706 attollent1713 penniform1713 antagonistic1725 monogastric1749 adductory1752 sublime1800 pennated1836–9 intrinsic1839 pennate1877 sphincteric1883 sphinctrate1887 sphincterial1889 agonistic1905 sphinctered1963 1877 I. Rosenthal Gen. Physiol. Muscles & Nerves 91 The fibres are attached at an angle to a long tendon, from which they all branch off in one direction (semi-pennate muscles), or in two directions like the plumes of a feather (pennate muscles). 1946 Amer. Midland Naturalist 35 590 The external head is a heavy pennate muscle. 1965 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 162 145 A similar difference in tendon thickness exists between fusiform and pennate muscles of the same cross-sectional area. 2001 Surg. & Radiol. Anat. 23 389 This muscle [sc. the temporal] does not have the pennate structure of the masseter and pterygoid muscles. 4. Botany. Of a diatom: having an elongated, zygomorphic shell. Cf. centric adj. 4. ΚΠ 1899 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 515 In the second type two auxospores are formed from four daughter-cells resulting from two mother-cells. It has been observed in many species, and is the prevailing one in the ‘pennate diatoms’. 1909 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 81 193 The Pennate Diatoms are much the most numerous and conspicuous. 1916 G. S. West Algæ I. 123 The degree of development of the raphe..is without doubt the most important morphological structure of the pennate diatom. 1933 G. M. Smith Fresh-water Algae U.S. 196 Pennate Diatoms have areolae so small that they appear as minute dots. 1984 J. J. Lowe & M. J. C. Walker Reconstructing Quaternary Environments iv. 169 The freshwater, soil or epiphytic niches are dominated by pennate diatoms. 1993 Nature 11 Mar. 141/2 Intervals of highest biosiliceous phytoplankton abundance are recorded by near monospecific assemblages of the pennate diatom Thalassiothrix present in laminated diatom ooze. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1723
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