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单词 pennate
释义

pennateadj.

Brit. /ˈpɛneɪt/, /ˈpɛnət/, U.S. /ˈpɛnˌeɪt/, /ˈpɛnət/
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pennātus.
Etymology: < classical Latin pennātus winged, in post-classical Latin also (of a leaf) pinnate < penna feather (see pen n.3) + -ātus -ate suffix2. In sense 4 after scientific Latin Pennatae , group name (F. Schütt in A. Engler & K. Prantl Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (1896) i. §1b 56). Compare pennated adj.
1. Botany. Of a leaf: pinnate. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [adjective] > compound or lobed
cut1565
winged1668
pinnate1687
conjugated1690
trifoliated1698
auriculated1712
auriculate1714
pennate1723
pinnated1725
pennated1727
bigeminate1753
lyrated1753
pedated1753
pinnatifid1753
supradecomposite1753
supradecompound1753
ternated1753
trifoliate1753
lyrate1760
pedate1760
quinate1760
ternate1760
tripinnate1760
palmed1767
bilobated1770
lyre-shaped1778
pennatifid1778
finger-parted1783
superdecompound1783
bipinnate1785
biternate1785
conjugate1785
lobed1787
tergeminate1793
wing-cleft1796
yoked?1803
binate1807
septenate1807
trijugous1813
auricled1821
pinniform1821
multijugous1828
pinnulate1828
trifoliolate1828
bipinnatifid1830
multifoliolate1831
multijugate1831
quinquefoliolate1832
bifoliolate1835
pinnatisected1837
palmatifid1839
tripinnatifid1839
foliate1840
palmatipartite1840
pinnatilobate1840
pinnatipartite1840
pinnatisect1840
bipinnated1842
biconjugate1847
imparipinnate1847
paripinnate1851
pinnatulate1855
polytomous1856
multifoliate1857
pennati-partite1857
pennati-sected1857
ternato-pinnate1857
tripinnatisect1857
patentoternate1859
septemfoliate1859
bipinnatipartite1861
bipinnatisected1861
bipalmate1864
pinnatilobed1866
septenous1866
cut-leaved1870
lobing1870
ternatisect1870
tripinnated1876
trijugate1880
jugate1887
pinnulated1890
trisect1899
tridigitate1900
trigeminous1900
1723 P. Blair Pharmaco-botanologia i. 10 Dark green, pennate Leaves, i e. consisting of several Pairs of Leaves joyn'd to a Midrib, with one at the Extremity.
1745 Mem. Royal Soc. (ed. 2) VIII. 162 The Dr. no longer doubted, but that this leaf was of the compound pinnate kind.
1790 Med. Communications 4 378 This plant [sc. Mimosa pudica] has pennate leaves, placed on long petioles.
1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Oppositipennatus, applied to pennate leaves, of which the folioles are opposite.
2. Winged. In quot. figurative: very swift. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > [adjective]
swiftc888
swifta1050
currentc1300
quickc1300
hastivea1325
hastyc1330
ingnel1340
swiftyc1380
speedfula1387
fasta1400
swippingc1420
speedy1487
fleet1528
tite?a1540
scudding1545
flighty1552
suddenly1556
flight1581
feathered1587
Pegasean1590
wing-footed1591
swift-winged?1592
thought-swift-flying1595
wind-winged?1596
swallow-winged1597
Pegasarian1607
skelping1607
rapid1608
night-swifta1616
celerious1632
clipping1635
perniciousa1656
volatile1655
quick-foot1658
meteorous1667
windy1697
high-flying1710
fleet-footed1726
aliped1727
wickc1760
velocious1775
flight-performing1785
fast-going1800
fast-moving1802
meteor1803
wight-wapping1830
fleety1841
speeding1847
swiftening1848
two-forty1855
fire-swift1865
pennate1870
spinning1882
percursory1884
zippy1889
meteoric1895
pacy1906
presto1952
1870 R. R. Coverdale Poems (new ed.) 35 On pennate feet they tread the way.
3. Anatomy and Biology. Of a muscle: having fibres attached to a tendon like the barbs of a feather to the rachis. Cf. earlier penniform adj., pennated adj. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > types of muscles > [adjective]
orbicular1615
biceps1634
bicipital1646
trigastric1676
adducent1694
biventral1706
attollent1713
penniform1713
antagonistic1725
monogastric1749
adductory1752
sublime1800
pennated1836–9
intrinsic1839
pennate1877
sphincteric1883
sphinctrate1887
sphincterial1889
agonistic1905
sphinctered1963
1877 I. Rosenthal Gen. Physiol. Muscles & Nerves 91 The fibres are attached at an angle to a long tendon, from which they all branch off in one direction (semi-pennate muscles), or in two directions like the plumes of a feather (pennate muscles).
1946 Amer. Midland Naturalist 35 590 The external head is a heavy pennate muscle.
1965 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 162 145 A similar difference in tendon thickness exists between fusiform and pennate muscles of the same cross-sectional area.
2001 Surg. & Radiol. Anat. 23 389 This muscle [sc. the temporal] does not have the pennate structure of the masseter and pterygoid muscles.
4. Botany. Of a diatom: having an elongated, zygomorphic shell. Cf. centric adj. 4.
ΚΠ
1899 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 515 In the second type two auxospores are formed from four daughter-cells resulting from two mother-cells. It has been observed in many species, and is the prevailing one in the ‘pennate diatoms’.
1909 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 81 193 The Pennate Diatoms are much the most numerous and conspicuous.
1916 G. S. West Algæ I. 123 The degree of development of the raphe..is without doubt the most important morphological structure of the pennate diatom.
1933 G. M. Smith Fresh-water Algae U.S. 196 Pennate Diatoms have areolae so small that they appear as minute dots.
1984 J. J. Lowe & M. J. C. Walker Reconstructing Quaternary Environments iv. 169 The freshwater, soil or epiphytic niches are dominated by pennate diatoms.
1993 Nature 11 Mar. 141/2 Intervals of highest biosiliceous phytoplankton abundance are recorded by near monospecific assemblages of the pennate diatom Thalassiothrix present in laminated diatom ooze.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1723
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