phenomenologyn.

Brit.

/fᵻˌnɒmᵻˈnɒlədʒi/, U.S.

/fəˌnɑməˈnɑlədʒi/

Forms: 1800s phaenomenology, 1800s– phenomenology.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: phenomenon n., -ology comb. form.

Etymology: < phenomenon n. + -ology comb. form, after German Phänomenologie (1764 in J. H. Lambert Neues Organon; c1900–1 in spec. use in Husserl). Compare French phénoménologie (1819; 1852 in psychiatry).

†a. Philosophy. The metaphysical study or theory of phenomena in general (as distinct from that of being). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > empiricism > [noun] > phenomenology

phenomenology1797

1797 J. Robison in Encycl. Brit. at Philosophy §47 This part of philosophy may be called Phenomenology.

1798 A. F. M. Willich tr. I. Kant Metaphysical Found. Sci. Pref., in Elements Crit. Philos. 95 In the fourth section, the Motion or rest of matter is determined merely in relation to mode of representing it, or Modality, consequently as phenomenon of external senses, on which account it is called Phenomenology.

1875 H. L. Mansel Gnostic Heresies i. 3 Between the real and the apparent, between ontology and phenomenology.

b. gen. The division of any science which is concerned with the description and classification of its phenomena, rather than causal or theoretical explanation.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > systematic knowledge, science > [noun] > concerned with classification

phenomenology1840

1840 W. Whewell Philos. Inductive Sci. I. Introd. p. xxxv Each Palætiological Science, when complete, must possess three members: the Phenomenology, the Ætiology, and the Theory.

a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) I. vii. 121 If we consider the mind merely with the view of observing and generalising the various phænomena it reveals..we have one..department of mental science; and this we may call the Phænomenology of Mind..; we might call it Phænomenal Psychology.

1930 Times 12 Dec. 9/2 One need not be a Hegelian..to find the manifestation of spirit in the history of spiritual ideals and to describe the evaluation of the components of that history as an essay in the phenomenology of spirit.

c. Philosophy. A method or procedure, originally developed by the German philosopher Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), which involves the setting aside of presuppositions about a phenomenon as an empirical object and about the mental acts concerned with experiencing it, in order to achieve an intuition of its pure essence; the characteristic theories underlying or resulting from the use of such a method. In more recent use: any of various philosophical methods or theories (often influenced by the work of Husserl and his followers) which emphasize the importance of analysing the structure of conscious subjective experience.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > existentialism > [noun] > phenomenology of Husserl

phenomenology1907

noema1914

noesis1914

reduction1914

protention1931

noetic1969

1907 Philosophical Rev. 16 103 Husserl, however, introduces a difference in kind, as between experience and the knowledge of experience, describing the former in terms totally foreign to the spirit and method of phenomenology.

1914 Mind 23 588 Phenomenology, then, if I have understood it right, is the science of the essential connexions of vital experiences, as rooted in their nature or their character; not, for example, of their causal connexions as events in time.

1931 W. R. B. Gibson tr. E. Husserl Ideas (title) Ideas: general introduction to pure phenomenology.

1949 H. F. Mins tr. G. Lukács in R. W. Sellars et al. Philos. for Future 572 Modern phenomenology is one of the..philosophical methods which seek to rise above both idealism and materialism by discovering a philosophical ‘third way’, by making intuition the true source of knowledge.

1974 D. Carr Phenomenol. & Probl. of Hist. I. 33 The ‘common’ subject matter of phenomenology and psychology, consciousness, is subjected in phenomenology to an essential rather than a factual consideration.

1995 Wired Mar. 108/2 Philosophical phenomenology of the sort championed by Martin Heidegger will make progress on this continent, as it believes that humans are not containers of perceptions but instead are always already out of themselves, into the world and toward the future.

d. The outward characteristics or phenomena of a given process or act, considered collectively.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] > characteristic

shapea1000

figure1340

resemblancea1393

phenomenology1964

1964 E. Becker in I. L. Horowitz New Sociol. 123 This is the basic phenomenology of alienations: the failure to develop self-powers by transacting with the world of things.

1970 T. Rentdorff in In Search Theol. of Devel. (Sodepax) 208 Documentation of the phenomenology of the development process is accompanied here by the deliberate selection of processes which are to be encouraged for ethical, human, and theological reasons.

1988 Mind 97 594 An important part of what needs explaining about moral practice is its distinctive phenomenology.

2004 Newsweek (Nexis) 9 Feb. 52 What people crave..is the phenomenology of the home-cooked dinner: the family gathered at its own table, the familiar smells and tastes, [etc.].

2. Psychology. The methods of description and analysis developed from philosophical phenomenology applied to the subjective experience of phenomena and to consciousness, esp. in the fields of gestalt psychology, existential analysis, and psychiatry.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > psychiatry > [noun] > types of

neuropsychiatry1918

psychiatric social work1919

social psychiatry1924

child psychiatry1925

orthopsychiatry1929

phenomenology1930

transcultural psychiatry1958

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of perception > object of perception > [noun] > study of

phenomenology1930

1930 W. B. Wolfe tr. E. Wexberg Individual Psychol. 8 Phenomenology prepared the way for the decisive step toward a comparative and contextual point of view in psychology.

1935 K. Koffka Princ. Gestalt Psychol. iii. 73 For us phenomenology means as naïve and full a description of direct experience as possible.

1959 A. W. Levi Philos. & Mod. World ii. x. 405 The phenomenology of the human condition..in which inescapable situations constitute the historical determination in its four forms of death, suffering, conflict, and guilt.

1989 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Med. 82 427 Descriptions in phenomenology..apply only to subjective experiences; thus, objective clinical changes such as psychomotor retardation, tremor, catatonia..fall beyond its scope.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	phenomenology
释义	phenomenologyn. Brit. /fᵻˌnɒmᵻˈnɒlədʒi/, U.S. /fəˌnɑməˈnɑlədʒi/ Forms: 1800s phaenomenology, 1800s– phenomenology. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: phenomenon n., -ology comb. form. Etymology: < phenomenon n. + -ology comb. form, after German Phänomenologie (1764 in J. H. Lambert Neues Organon; c1900–1 in spec. use in Husserl). Compare French phénoménologie (1819; 1852 in psychiatry). 1. †a. Philosophy. The metaphysical study or theory of phenomena in general (as distinct from that of being). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > empiricism > [noun] > phenomenology phenomenology1797 1797 J. Robison in Encycl. Brit. at Philosophy §47 This part of philosophy may be called Phenomenology. 1798 A. F. M. Willich tr. I. Kant Metaphysical Found. Sci. Pref., in Elements Crit. Philos. 95 In the fourth section, the Motion or rest of matter is determined merely in relation to mode of representing it, or Modality, consequently as phenomenon of external senses, on which account it is called Phenomenology. 1875 H. L. Mansel Gnostic Heresies i. 3 Between the real and the apparent, between ontology and phenomenology. b. gen. The division of any science which is concerned with the description and classification of its phenomena, rather than causal or theoretical explanation. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > systematic knowledge, science > [noun] > concerned with classification phenomenology1840 1840 W. Whewell Philos. Inductive Sci. I. Introd. p. xxxv Each Palætiological Science, when complete, must possess three members: the Phenomenology, the Ætiology, and the Theory. a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) I. vii. 121 If we consider the mind merely with the view of observing and generalising the various phænomena it reveals..we have one..department of mental science; and this we may call the Phænomenology of Mind..; we might call it Phænomenal Psychology. 1930 Times 12 Dec. 9/2 One need not be a Hegelian..to find the manifestation of spirit in the history of spiritual ideals and to describe the evaluation of the components of that history as an essay in the phenomenology of spirit. c. Philosophy. A method or procedure, originally developed by the German philosopher Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), which involves the setting aside of presuppositions about a phenomenon as an empirical object and about the mental acts concerned with experiencing it, in order to achieve an intuition of its pure essence; the characteristic theories underlying or resulting from the use of such a method. In more recent use: any of various philosophical methods or theories (often influenced by the work of Husserl and his followers) which emphasize the importance of analysing the structure of conscious subjective experience. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > existentialism > [noun] > phenomenology of Husserl phenomenology1907 noema1914 noesis1914 reduction1914 protention1931 noetic1969 1907 Philosophical Rev. 16 103 Husserl, however, introduces a difference in kind, as between experience and the knowledge of experience, describing the former in terms totally foreign to the spirit and method of phenomenology. 1914 Mind 23 588 Phenomenology, then, if I have understood it right, is the science of the essential connexions of vital experiences, as rooted in their nature or their character; not, for example, of their causal connexions as events in time. 1931 W. R. B. Gibson tr. E. Husserl Ideas (title) Ideas: general introduction to pure phenomenology. 1949 H. F. Mins tr. G. Lukács in R. W. Sellars et al. Philos. for Future 572 Modern phenomenology is one of the..philosophical methods which seek to rise above both idealism and materialism by discovering a philosophical ‘third way’, by making intuition the true source of knowledge. 1974 D. Carr Phenomenol. & Probl. of Hist. I. 33 The ‘common’ subject matter of phenomenology and psychology, consciousness, is subjected in phenomenology to an essential rather than a factual consideration. 1995 Wired Mar. 108/2 Philosophical phenomenology of the sort championed by Martin Heidegger will make progress on this continent, as it believes that humans are not containers of perceptions but instead are always already out of themselves, into the world and toward the future. d. The outward characteristics or phenomena of a given process or act, considered collectively. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] > characteristic shapea1000 figure1340 resemblancea1393 phenomenology1964 1964 E. Becker in I. L. Horowitz New Sociol. 123 This is the basic phenomenology of alienations: the failure to develop self-powers by transacting with the world of things. 1970 T. Rentdorff in In Search Theol. of Devel. (Sodepax) 208 Documentation of the phenomenology of the development process is accompanied here by the deliberate selection of processes which are to be encouraged for ethical, human, and theological reasons. 1988 Mind 97 594 An important part of what needs explaining about moral practice is its distinctive phenomenology. 2004 Newsweek (Nexis) 9 Feb. 52 What people crave..is the phenomenology of the home-cooked dinner: the family gathered at its own table, the familiar smells and tastes, [etc.]. 2. Psychology. The methods of description and analysis developed from philosophical phenomenology applied to the subjective experience of phenomena and to consciousness, esp. in the fields of gestalt psychology, existential analysis, and psychiatry. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > psychiatry > [noun] > types of neuropsychiatry1918 psychiatric social work1919 social psychiatry1924 child psychiatry1925 orthopsychiatry1929 phenomenology1930 transcultural psychiatry1958 the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of perception > object of perception > [noun] > study of phenomenology1930 1930 W. B. Wolfe tr. E. Wexberg Individual Psychol. 8 Phenomenology prepared the way for the decisive step toward a comparative and contextual point of view in psychology. 1935 K. Koffka Princ. Gestalt Psychol. iii. 73 For us phenomenology means as naïve and full a description of direct experience as possible. 1959 A. W. Levi Philos. & Mod. World ii. x. 405 The phenomenology of the human condition..in which inescapable situations constitute the historical determination in its four forms of death, suffering, conflict, and guilt. 1989 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Med. 82 427 Descriptions in phenomenology..apply only to subjective experiences; thus, objective clinical changes such as psychomotor retardation, tremor, catatonia..fall beyond its scope. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1797
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