pensiveadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈpɛnsɪv/, U.S.

/ˈpɛnsɪv/

Forms: Middle English pencif, Middle English pencyue, Middle English pensefe, Middle English pensiff, Middle English pensyffe, Middle English pynsyfe, Middle English–1500s pencyf, Middle English–1500s pensif, Middle English–1500s pensife, Middle English–1500s pensyf, Middle English–1500s pensyfe, Middle English–1500s pensyff, Middle English–1500s pensyve, 1500s pencyfe, 1500s penseue, 1500s penssive, 1500s pensyue, 1500s–1600s pensiue, 1500s– pensive; Scottish pre-1700 pansife, pre-1700 pansiffe, pre-1700 pansiue, pre-1700 pansiv, pre-1700 pansiwe, pre-1700 pansyfe, pre-1700 penseif, pre-1700 penseiff, pre-1700 pensif, pre-1700 pensiff, pre-1700 pensiffe, pre-1700 pensiue, pre-1700 pensiwe, pre-1700 pensyf, pre-1700 pensyfe, pre-1700 pensyve, pre-1700 1700s– pensive.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French pensif, pansive.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French pensif thoughtful, meditative, anxious, sorrowful, sad, melancholic (c1050 in Old French; also in Old French as pansive (feminine singular)) < penser to think (see pense v.²) + -if -ive suffix. Compare Old Occitan pensiu (a1150, chiefly in sense A. 1), Catalan pensiu (1299 or earlier in sense A. 1), Italian †pensivo (a1250). Compare also pensy adj.Use as noun is not paralleled in French.

A. adj.

1. Sorrowfully thoughtful; gloomy, sad, melancholy.†Formerly also with for, of, etc., or with infinitive (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [adjective]

pensivea1393

sorrow1496

penitent1533

regrettinga1640

regretful1647

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [adjective] > pensive

thoughtfulc1300

pensivea1393

pensya1450

thoughtya1450

pensiful?c1450

pensative1574

melancholy1600

pensived1609

penseroso1813

penserose1831

penseful1865

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 1906 (MED) Laodomie, his lusti wif..for his love was pensif, As he which al hire herte hadde.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 391 Pencyf, or hevy in herte [v.r. pencyue], pensatius, cogitatius.

c1480 (a1400) St. Theodora 129 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 102 I pray þe, sir, þu tel me quhy þu art nov pensiwe & mad, & wont wes to be blith & glad.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 6 My suster is so hevy and pensif of oure mys-happes.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 80/1 King Henrie doubtlesse was right pensive for his [sc. Becket's] death.

1605 M. Drayton Poems sig. Gg6 The heauy burthen of my pensiue breast.

1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 32 Pensiue still To doe whats good, but frolike to doe ill.

1620 tr. G. Boccaccio Decameron I. iii. viii. f. 105^v On the day following..the Abbot..went to see and comfort the supposed widow; finding her attired in blacke, very sad and pensiue.

a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 63 She sate down weary and pensive at so sad a disappointment.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 72 One Day walking with my Gun in my Hand by the Sea-side, I was very pensive upon the Subject of my present Condition.

1779 J. Duché Disc. II. xix. 403 Who is yonder pensive mourner, whose reclined head, and sad dejected countenance, speak more than common anguish?

1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. i. ii. 16 Seeing her emotion, [she] kissed away the tears from the pensive eyes.

1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables xix. 218 Mrs. Lynde laughed comfortably over her mild joke, but Anne remained pensive. She saw nothing to laugh at in the situation.

1991 T. Healy It might have been Jerusalem (BNC) 6 Rab looked sad. Pensive.

2. More generally: full of thought; meditative, reflective.Often with some implication of seriousness or melancholy, and hence merging with sense A. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > [adjective] > engaged in contemplation, musing

pensivec1400

contemplantc1429

musing1530

contemplating1602

reflexing1606

wrappeda1616

musefula1618

cogitabundous1627

meditant1631

meditating1645

cogitabund1649

meditabund1681

speculating1787

thoughtful-looking1827

c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. viii. 132 (MED) Manye tyme þis metelis han mad me to stodie, And for peris loue þe plouȝman wel pensif in herte.

a1450 Partonope of Blois (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1912) 6800 Pensyfe, thought-full alle day sytteth he.

a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 98 (MED) Vertu ymaginatyf..representys hem to vertu pensyfe, þat ys yn myddes of þe harnes to byholde hem.

1563 B. Googe Eglogs Epytaphes & Sonettes sig. C.ii With pensyfe heart full fraight with thoughts, I fled from thence away.

1645 J. Milton Il Penseroso in Poems 38 Com pensive Nun, devout and pure, Sober, stedfast, and demure.

1688 Song in J. Barker Poet. Recreations ii. 147 A Pensive Shepherd ask'd advice, And their Opinions crav'd, How he might hope to be so wise, To get a place beyond the Skies.

1728 A. Pope Dunciad i. 81 But pensive poets painful vigils keep; Sleepless themselves, to give their readers sleep.

1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. i. 19 The sweet expression of her pensive face.

1829 R. C. Sands Writings (1834) II. 169 The latter sat pensive and silent, while Miss Violet discoursed..about western lands and city lots.

1842 I. Williams Baptistery I. iii. 270 Lost in bewilderings of his pensive mind.

1903 F. B. Smith How Paris amuses Itself ii. 42 The pensive, long-haired devotees of the symbolistic school.

1991 F. King Ant Colony (1992) viii. 60 ‘There are people who know how to survive. I'm one of them. I think,’ he added, suddenly pensive.

†3. Thoughtful, meditative, or anxious as to plans and future events; apprehensive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > provident foresight, prudence > [adjective]

purveyable?a1425

pensivec1425

providenta1450

provide?a1475

purveyanta1500

prospective1581

prospecting1602

provisional1603

providentiala1646

provisionary1647

prospicient1654

provisive1677

forethoughtful1809

far-seeing1837

provisory1843

the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > [adjective]

doubtingc1425

feared1440

jealous?1533

doubtful1548

pensive1549

solicitous1621

apprehensive1633

trepidatious1904

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. 1875 (MED) Þe hydous tempest & þe wawes grene Oute of hope han me dispeired clene, Troublid my spirit & made me pensif, With-oute refut teskape with þe lyf.

c1475 Prov. Wisdom (Rawl.) 15 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1893) 90 244 (MED) Be not to pencyf fore no desease; Fore god wyll helpe, if þou hym please.

c1480 (a1400) St. Peter 320 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 16 Symon and Nero ay ar full pensyve how þai may Confownd þe.

a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 138 (MED) A kynge..sholde be Purveyaunt and Pensyfe of thynges that may come aftyrwarde.

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 2 Cor. vii. f. liiii I..was so pensyfe..leste this infeccion myghte crepe among you.

1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 128 What pensive care he tooke, as touching his health and safetie.

1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 15 I owe not Misery the service to meet it, by pensive fears.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 225 I..sat me down upon a little rising bit of Ground, very pensive and anxious, between Fear and Desire about my Voyage.

4. In extended use.

a. Of an object, mood, expression, quality, etc.: suggestive of, associated with, or implying thought, anxiety, or melancholy.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [adjective] > pensive > suggestive of or favourable to pensiveness

pensive1548

melancholy1659

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Luke xxi, in Paraphr. New Test. I. f. clxiii With the other pensife cares of this present life [L. reliquisque solicitudinibus vitæ præsentis].

a1600 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie (1648) vi. 13 There ariseth..a pensive and corrosive desire, that we had done otherwise.

1633 T. May Reigne Henry II vi. 439 They..thither pensive sackcloth brought.

1685 Lady Russell in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 344 I have now left the country and the pensive quiet of it.

a1732 J. Gay Fables (1738) II. vii. 62 Would that avert one pensive hour?

1792 S. Rogers Pleasures Mem. ii. 207 Pensive Twilight in her dusky car.

1830 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. & Witchcraft viii. 246 How have I sate while piped the pensive wind.

1860 N. Hawthorne Marble Faun II. iv. 45 Adam..never knew the shade of pensive beauty which Eden won from his expulsion.

1911 D. H. Lawrence White Peacock i. iv. 62 The doctor continued to colour his tobacco smoke with a few pensive words.

1967 C. Jackson Second-hand Life (1968) ii. 64 The peculiarly pensive way she had of resting her chin on her palm as if in melancholy thought.

1989 Sound Choice Autumn 73/3 The old classic ‘My Favorite Things’ gets a far-reaching 15-minute beautiful restructuring, with fluid, pensive sax creating a symphonette of sorts.

†b. Carefully considered. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > [adjective] > weighed mentally, considered

counterpoised1477

beholden1530

concoct1534

pensive1575

meditate1588

meditated1588

considered1604

ruminated1605

(crime, evil, etc.) of forethought1692

thought-out1833

ponderated1892

ponderate1922

thought-through1922

1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus ii. f. 27 Sine to counsall thay passit all beliue. Considderit weill the sentence was pensiue.

B. n.

That which is pensive; a pensive manner, mood, condition, etc.; (also) pensive people collectively. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun] > pensiveness

pensiveheadc1425

pensivenessc1425

pensienessc1450

pensifulnessc1450

thoughtfulness1594

melancholy?1614

thoughtinessa1658

pensive1664

1664 H. More Apol. in Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity viii. §12 For the cherishing and comforting the innocent, serious and pensive.

1759 A. Smith Theory Moral Sentiments i. §ii. iii. 74 The sight of a smiling countenance, in the same manner, elevates even the pensive into that gay and airy mood.

1775 C. Johnston Pilgrim 122 The Archbishop and he have parted not the best pleased with each other, which has put my friend a little in the pensives.

1814 Manœuvring ii. i, in J. Galt New Brit. Theatre II. 89 Fold your arms as if you were musing—no, not so—more on the pensive.

1982 A. Maupin Further Tales of City 17 I know pensive when I see it. So what are you pensing about?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	pensive
释义	pensiveadj.n. Brit. /ˈpɛnsɪv/, U.S. /ˈpɛnsɪv/ Forms: Middle English pencif, Middle English pencyue, Middle English pensefe, Middle English pensiff, Middle English pensyffe, Middle English pynsyfe, Middle English–1500s pencyf, Middle English–1500s pensif, Middle English–1500s pensife, Middle English–1500s pensyf, Middle English–1500s pensyfe, Middle English–1500s pensyff, Middle English–1500s pensyve, 1500s pencyfe, 1500s penseue, 1500s penssive, 1500s pensyue, 1500s–1600s pensiue, 1500s– pensive; Scottish pre-1700 pansife, pre-1700 pansiffe, pre-1700 pansiue, pre-1700 pansiv, pre-1700 pansiwe, pre-1700 pansyfe, pre-1700 penseif, pre-1700 penseiff, pre-1700 pensif, pre-1700 pensiff, pre-1700 pensiffe, pre-1700 pensiue, pre-1700 pensiwe, pre-1700 pensyf, pre-1700 pensyfe, pre-1700 pensyve, pre-1700 1700s– pensive. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French pensif, pansive. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French pensif thoughtful, meditative, anxious, sorrowful, sad, melancholic (c1050 in Old French; also in Old French as pansive (feminine singular)) < penser to think (see pense v.²) + -if -ive suffix. Compare Old Occitan pensiu (a1150, chiefly in sense A. 1), Catalan pensiu (1299 or earlier in sense A. 1), Italian †pensivo (a1250). Compare also pensy adj.Use as noun is not paralleled in French. A. adj. 1. Sorrowfully thoughtful; gloomy, sad, melancholy.†Formerly also with for, of, etc., or with infinitive (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [adjective] pensivea1393 sorrow1496 penitent1533 regrettinga1640 regretful1647 the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [adjective] > pensive thoughtfulc1300 pensivea1393 pensya1450 thoughtya1450 pensiful?c1450 pensative1574 melancholy1600 pensived1609 penseroso1813 penserose1831 penseful1865 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 1906 (MED) Laodomie, his lusti wif..for his love was pensif, As he which al hire herte hadde. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 391 Pencyf, or hevy in herte [v.r. pencyue], pensatius, cogitatius. c1480 (a1400) St. Theodora 129 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 102 I pray þe, sir, þu tel me quhy þu art nov pensiwe & mad, & wont wes to be blith & glad. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 6 My suster is so hevy and pensif of oure mys-happes. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 80/1 King Henrie doubtlesse was right pensive for his [sc. Becket's] death. 1605 M. Drayton Poems sig. Gg6 The heauy burthen of my pensiue breast. 1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 32 Pensiue still To doe whats good, but frolike to doe ill. 1620 tr. G. Boccaccio Decameron I. iii. viii. f. 105^v On the day following..the Abbot..went to see and comfort the supposed widow; finding her attired in blacke, very sad and pensiue. a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 63 She sate down weary and pensive at so sad a disappointment. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 72 One Day walking with my Gun in my Hand by the Sea-side, I was very pensive upon the Subject of my present Condition. 1779 J. Duché Disc. II. xix. 403 Who is yonder pensive mourner, whose reclined head, and sad dejected countenance, speak more than common anguish? 1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. i. ii. 16 Seeing her emotion, [she] kissed away the tears from the pensive eyes. 1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables xix. 218 Mrs. Lynde laughed comfortably over her mild joke, but Anne remained pensive. She saw nothing to laugh at in the situation. 1991 T. Healy It might have been Jerusalem (BNC) 6 Rab looked sad. Pensive. 2. More generally: full of thought; meditative, reflective.Often with some implication of seriousness or melancholy, and hence merging with sense A. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > [adjective] > engaged in contemplation, musing pensivec1400 contemplantc1429 musing1530 contemplating1602 reflexing1606 wrappeda1616 musefula1618 cogitabundous1627 meditant1631 meditating1645 cogitabund1649 meditabund1681 speculating1787 thoughtful-looking1827 c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. viii. 132 (MED) Manye tyme þis metelis han mad me to stodie, And for peris loue þe plouȝman wel pensif in herte. a1450 Partonope of Blois (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1912) 6800 Pensyfe, thought-full alle day sytteth he. a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 98 (MED) Vertu ymaginatyf..representys hem to vertu pensyfe, þat ys yn myddes of þe harnes to byholde hem. 1563 B. Googe Eglogs Epytaphes & Sonettes sig. C.ii With pensyfe heart full fraight with thoughts, I fled from thence away. 1645 J. Milton Il Penseroso in Poems 38 Com pensive Nun, devout and pure, Sober, stedfast, and demure. 1688 Song in J. Barker Poet. Recreations ii. 147 A Pensive Shepherd ask'd advice, And their Opinions crav'd, How he might hope to be so wise, To get a place beyond the Skies. 1728 A. Pope Dunciad i. 81 But pensive poets painful vigils keep; Sleepless themselves, to give their readers sleep. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. i. 19 The sweet expression of her pensive face. 1829 R. C. Sands Writings (1834) II. 169 The latter sat pensive and silent, while Miss Violet discoursed..about western lands and city lots. 1842 I. Williams Baptistery I. iii. 270 Lost in bewilderings of his pensive mind. 1903 F. B. Smith How Paris amuses Itself ii. 42 The pensive, long-haired devotees of the symbolistic school. 1991 F. King Ant Colony (1992) viii. 60 ‘There are people who know how to survive. I'm one of them. I think,’ he added, suddenly pensive. †3. Thoughtful, meditative, or anxious as to plans and future events; apprehensive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > provident foresight, prudence > [adjective] purveyable?a1425 pensivec1425 providenta1450 provide?a1475 purveyanta1500 prospective1581 prospecting1602 provisional1603 providentiala1646 provisionary1647 prospicient1654 provisive1677 forethoughtful1809 far-seeing1837 provisory1843 the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > [adjective] doubtingc1425 feared1440 jealous?1533 doubtful1548 pensive1549 solicitous1621 apprehensive1633 trepidatious1904 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. 1875 (MED) Þe hydous tempest & þe wawes grene Oute of hope han me dispeired clene, Troublid my spirit & made me pensif, With-oute refut teskape with þe lyf. c1475 Prov. Wisdom (Rawl.) 15 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1893) 90 244 (MED) Be not to pencyf fore no desease; Fore god wyll helpe, if þou hym please. c1480 (a1400) St. Peter 320 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 16 Symon and Nero ay ar full pensyve how þai may Confownd þe. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 138 (MED) A kynge..sholde be Purveyaunt and Pensyfe of thynges that may come aftyrwarde. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 2 Cor. vii. f. liiii I..was so pensyfe..leste this infeccion myghte crepe among you. 1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 128 What pensive care he tooke, as touching his health and safetie. 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 15 I owe not Misery the service to meet it, by pensive fears. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 225 I..sat me down upon a little rising bit of Ground, very pensive and anxious, between Fear and Desire about my Voyage. 4. In extended use. a. Of an object, mood, expression, quality, etc.: suggestive of, associated with, or implying thought, anxiety, or melancholy. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [adjective] > pensive > suggestive of or favourable to pensiveness pensive1548 melancholy1659 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Luke xxi, in Paraphr. New Test. I. f. clxiii With the other pensife cares of this present life [L. reliquisque solicitudinibus vitæ præsentis]. a1600 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie (1648) vi. 13 There ariseth..a pensive and corrosive desire, that we had done otherwise. 1633 T. May Reigne Henry II vi. 439 They..thither pensive sackcloth brought. 1685 Lady Russell in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 344 I have now left the country and the pensive quiet of it. a1732 J. Gay Fables (1738) II. vii. 62 Would that avert one pensive hour? 1792 S. Rogers Pleasures Mem. ii. 207 Pensive Twilight in her dusky car. 1830 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. & Witchcraft viii. 246 How have I sate while piped the pensive wind. 1860 N. Hawthorne Marble Faun II. iv. 45 Adam..never knew the shade of pensive beauty which Eden won from his expulsion. 1911 D. H. Lawrence White Peacock i. iv. 62 The doctor continued to colour his tobacco smoke with a few pensive words. 1967 C. Jackson Second-hand Life (1968) ii. 64 The peculiarly pensive way she had of resting her chin on her palm as if in melancholy thought. 1989 Sound Choice Autumn 73/3 The old classic ‘My Favorite Things’ gets a far-reaching 15-minute beautiful restructuring, with fluid, pensive sax creating a symphonette of sorts. †b. Carefully considered. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > [adjective] > weighed mentally, considered counterpoised1477 beholden1530 concoct1534 pensive1575 meditate1588 meditated1588 considered1604 ruminated1605 (crime, evil, etc.) of forethought1692 thought-out1833 ponderated1892 ponderate1922 thought-through1922 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus ii. f. 27 Sine to counsall thay passit all beliue. Considderit weill the sentence was pensiue. B. n. That which is pensive; a pensive manner, mood, condition, etc.; (also) pensive people collectively. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun] > pensiveness pensiveheadc1425 pensivenessc1425 pensienessc1450 pensifulnessc1450 thoughtfulness1594 melancholy?1614 thoughtinessa1658 pensive1664 1664 H. More Apol. in Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity viii. §12 For the cherishing and comforting the innocent, serious and pensive. 1759 A. Smith Theory Moral Sentiments i. §ii. iii. 74 The sight of a smiling countenance, in the same manner, elevates even the pensive into that gay and airy mood. 1775 C. Johnston Pilgrim 122 The Archbishop and he have parted not the best pleased with each other, which has put my friend a little in the pensives. 1814 Manœuvring ii. i, in J. Galt New Brit. Theatre II. 89 Fold your arms as if you were musing—no, not so—more on the pensive. 1982 A. Maupin Further Tales of City 17 I know pensive when I see it. So what are you pensing about? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.a1393
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