perceptionn.

Brit.

/pəˈsɛpʃn/, U.S.

/pərˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English percepcion, Middle English percepcioun, Middle English percepcyone, Middle English persepcion, 1600s– perception; Scottish pre-1700 percepcione, pre-1700 perceptioune, pre-1700 1700s– perception.

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Probably also partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin perceptiōn-, perceptiō; French perception.

Etymology: In branch I. < classical Latin perceptiōn-, perceptiō action of receiving, collecting, action of taking possession, apprehension with the mind or senses, in post-classical Latin also receiving of the sacrament (4th or 5th cent.), levy, payment (14th cent. in British sources) < percept- , past participial stem of percipere perceive v. + -iō -ion suffix¹; in later use perhaps also partly < French perception action by which a subject takes note of objects through the senses (1611 in Cotgrave in this sense) < classical Latin perceptiōn- , perceptiō (see above). In branch II. probably via Middle French, French perception collection of revenue from land, property, etc. (c1370 in Middle French; earlier in Old French in sense ‘receiving the Holy Spirit’ (12th cent. in an isolated attestation) and in sense ‘receiving the elements of the Eucharist’ (13th cent. in an isolated attestation). Compare Catalan percepció (c1400), Spanish percepción (1411–12 as perçepçion), Portuguese percepção (1813), Italian percezione (1293–4).

I. The action of perceive v. I.

a. The process of becoming aware or conscious of a thing or things in general; the state of being aware; consciousness; † (spiritual) understanding (obsolete).Often used in philosophical contexts; for example, John Locke contrasted perception with volition (see quot. 1690).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > [noun] > consciousness

wita1000

mindc1300

perceptiona1398

percipiency1662

feeling1734

consciousness1753

percipience1768

self-feeling1798

sentience1839

sentiencya1850

cœnaesthesisa1856

cœnaesthesia1885

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 14^v It nediþ to þe ouer aungels alwey teche and lede þe neþir aungelis þat þey mowe be knowinge to þe bischinynge and illuminacioun, adduccioun & comunicacioun, induccioun, conuersioun, commencoun, & percepcioun of god.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Perception, a perception; a perceiuing, apprehension, vnderstanding.

1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing x. 87 The best Philosophy..derives all sensitive perception from Motion, and corporal impress.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. vi. 51 The two great and principal Actions of the Mind..are these two: Perception, or Thinking; and Volition, or Willing.

1725 I. Watts Logick i. i Perception is that Act of the Mind (or as some Philosophers call it, rather a Passion or Impression) whereby the Mind becomes conscious of any Thing, as when I feel Hunger, Thirst, or Cold, or Heat; when I see a Horse, a Tree, or a Man; when I hear a human Voice, or Thunder.

1751 J. Harris Hermes i. ii. 15 By the Powers of Perception, I mean the Senses and the Intellect.

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. xlv. 234 The agent between the common sensory and the sense is the consciousness or perception of the impression.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. ix. 270 Such pleasure the direct perception of natural truth always imparts.

1924 R. M. Ogden tr. K. Koffka Growth of Mind v. 295 This constancy of form becomes the child's mode of perception.

1970 A. Toffler Future Shock iii. 40 Man's perception of time is closely linked with his internal rhythms.

1990 Philos. Rev. 99 113 Berkeley's minds are active in imagination and passive in perception.

†b. The capacity to be affected by a physical object, phenomenon, etc., without direct contact with it; an instance of such influence. Cf. perceive v. 1b. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only as a term in Bacon's natural philosophy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > operation upon something > [noun] > subjecting to an action or process > undergoing or reception of action

passion?a1425

suffering1577

perception1626

undergoing1645

perpession1647

passivity1659

affection1759

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum ix. Introd. 211 It is certaine, that all Bodies whatsoeuer, though they haue no Sense, yet they haue Perception:..And sometimes this Perception, in some Kinde of Bodies, is farre more Subtill than the Sense:..a Weather-Glasse, will finde the least difference of the Weather, in Heat, or Cold, when Men finde it not.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum ix. §462 It is..reported that..a Cucumber..will, in 24 houres shoot so much out, as to touch the pot [of water]: which if it be true..discouereth Perception in Plants, to moue towards that which should helpe and comfort them.

†2. A perceptible trace or vestige. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > marking > a mark > trace or vestige > [noun]

signa1382

stepa1382

ficchingc1384

marka1400

tracesc1400

scentc1422

footstep?a1425

tidinga1440

relicc1475

smell?a1505

stead1513

vestigy1545

print1548

token1555

remnant1560

show1561

mention1564

signification1576

footing?1580

tract1583

remainder1585

vestige1602

wrack1602

engravement1604

footstepping1610

resent1610

ghost1613

impression1613

remark1624

footprint1625

studdle1635

vestigium1644

relict1646

perception1650

vestigiary1651

track1657

symptom1722

signacle1768

ray1773

vestigia1789

footmark1800

souvenir1844

latent1920

1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 88 No tract at all nor any perception of hairs is to be seen either in the lips or chin.

a. The process of becoming aware of physical objects, phenomena, etc., through the senses; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > [noun] > physical sensation

feelinga1225

witc1290

sentimentc1374

perceivinga1398

scentc1422

feelc1450

sensation1598

aesthesis1601

sensing1613

sensity1613

resentment1634

perceptiona1652

scenting1657

sensating1666

awaring1674

sensitivity1819

sense perception1846

sentition1865

a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) iv. iv. 96 A naked perception of Sensible impressions, without any work of Reason.

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) iv. viii. 364 The perception of Sense..judgeth..the Limb of the Heavenly Horizon to be contiguous to the Earth.

1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. i. 20 The whole Apparatus of Vision, or of Perception by any other of our Senses.

1789 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. v. xxxiii. 50 The simple pleasures of the ear, excited by the perceptions of the chirping of birds, the murmuring of waters [etc.].

a1815 J. G. Spurzheim Physiognom. Syst. ix. 468 Gall speaks of four degrees of activity in every organ of the brain: of perception; memory, recollection or remembrance; judgment; and imagination. Gall admits perception in every organ.

1867 Sci. Amer. Dec. 355/1 Prof. Tyndall..states that the perception by the ear of musical sounds and the range of hearing in general is limited by quite narrow bounds.

1913 E. Pound in Poetry Mar. 206 Don't mess up the perception of one sense by trying to define it in terms of another.

1949 D. O. Hebb Organization of Behavior i. 16 According to these ideas, perception does depend on exciting specific parts of the receptor surface.

1990 E. Harth Dawn of Millennium (1991) vi. 91 Controversy arises over whether the processes described are sufficient to account for our perception of a tree in the visual field.

†b. Observation; sight. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > sight of something > [noun]

looka1200

sight?c1225

visc1340

visea1450

respection?a1475

viewa1500

prospection?1530

kenningc1540

conspect1548

ken1594

spectacle1625

styme1776

perception1817

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. ii. 358 By withdrawing the pretended mother from the perception of disinterested witnesses.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. viii. 680 His agents..did state whatever they chose, matters of hearsay, as much as of perception.

a. In plural. The faculties of perception collectively.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > [noun] > faculty of sensation > the senses

the fivefold mightsa1200

five witsc1200

passionsa1425

senses?1530

common senses1533

fifteen wits1606

Cinque Ports1633

cinque outposts, posts1649

perceptions1666

perceptives1835

1666 Duchess of Newcastle Descr. New World 41 The Emperess asked them, Whether by their sensitive perceptions they could observe the interior corporeal, figurative motions both of Vegetables and Minerals?

1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 56. ⁋5 Men, whose perceptions are languid and sluggish.

1818 I. Lickbarrow Lament Upon Death 32 Which feels and mourns, With keen perceptions, all thy country's woes.

1890 C. L. Morgan Animal Life & Intell. ix. 372 I regard the bees in their cells..as workers of keen perceptions and a high order of practical intelligence.

1956 E. J. Howard Long View iii. v. 123 An attractive woman will automatically collect a plethora of men whose perceptions are sharp enough to perceive only her most obvious attractions.

1985 S. Hastings Nancy Mitford vii. 163 To Nancy, her perceptions heightened by emotion, the capital of France was the most beautiful place on earth.

b. The faculty of perceiving; the ability or power to perceive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > [noun]

anyitOE

eyesightc1175

sightc1175

sentimentc1374

mindc1384

intentc1386

fantasyc1400

savoura1425

spiritsc1450

perceiverancea1500

perceiverationa1500

senses1528

perceivance1534

sense1553

kenc1560

mind-sight1587

knowledge1590

fancy1593

animadversion1596

cognition1651

awaring1674

perception1678

scan1838

apperception1848

perceivedness1871

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iii. 144 Concluding that all Matter and Substance as such, hath Life and Perception or Understanding Natural and Inconscious, Essentially belonging to it.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 519. ¶4 Existence is a Blessing to those Beings only which are endowed with Perception.

1856 B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. (ed. 3) I. ii. 48 The organ may be so imperfect that the perception of colours may be in a great degree..wanting.

1873 M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma Pref. p. xxv Perhaps the quality specially needed for drawing the right conclusion from the facts..is best called perception, delicacy of perception.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 814/1 In the duel between the hunter and the beast-mind the intellectual powers of perception, memory, reason and will were developed.

1991 H. Rheingold Virtual Reality ii. ii. 60 The extension of computer-based tools to the amplification of human perception and cognition.

5. The mental product or result of perceiving something.

a. Philosophy and Psychology. = percept n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of perception > [adjective]

perception1690

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > [noun] > product of perception

imagea1393

knowledgea1398

appearancea1400

utter-wit1495

cognizance1635

conusance1635

cognoscence1647

perception1690

cognitiona1822

trans-impressiona1834

percept1864

vestige1885

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of perception > process of perception > [noun]

presentmenta1842

presentation1849

perception1875

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. xi. 319 'Tis plain, those Perceptions are produced in us, by exteriour Causes affecting our Senses.

1739 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature I. i. 11 All the perceptions of the human mind resolve themselves into two distinct kinds, which I shall call Impressions and Ideas.

1780 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. (1789) v. §1 Pains and pleasures may be called by one general word interesting perceptions.

1836 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 126 520 The brain is undoubtedly the organ of the mind... Here the perceptions are compared and combined so as to produce ideas.

1875 A. J. Ellis tr. H. L. F. von Helmholtz On Sensations of Tone i. iv. 99 There are several much more complicated cases in which many sensations must concur to furnish the foundation of a very simple perception.

1899 Philos. Rev. 8 3 Are not all perceptions furnished us by sensibility—which is just the capacity of receiving such presentations according as we are affected by objects?

1931 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. 22 25 A more adequate psychological theory..speaks of the ‘integration’ of the constituent sensations into a perception.

1990 K. Frank Chainless Soul: Life E. Brontë 4 Anorexic women often experience alterations in consciousness and distorted sense perceptions akin to those described in accounts of mystical trances.

b. As a count noun: a direct recognition of something; an intuitive insight; an understanding. Also: an interpretation or impression based upon such an understanding; an opinion or belief.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > intuition > [noun]

sense1555

light of nature1561

intuitiona1600

instinct1600

perception1701

persentiscency1712

sixth sense1761

Anschauung1820

intuitiveness1873

intuitivism1883

seerhood1884

third eye1921

radar1949

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > [noun] > a view, notion, opinion

thingOE

thoughtc1300

opinion1340

device1393

holdingc1449

opinationc1475

sense1539

apprehension1579

suppose1587

supposal1589

conception1603

notion1603

opining1611

tenet1631

respect1662

sentiment1675

perception1701

1701 J. Edwards Free Disc. conc. Truth & Error i. 9 We cannot be Deceived in the knowledge of things, if we use the Means which are serviceable and necessary to conduct us to a Clear Perception of them.

1745 J. Wesley Answer to Rev. Church 22 The other is, such a Plerophory or full Assurance that I am forgiven, and so clear a Perception, that Christ abideth in me; as utterly excludes all Doubt and Fear.

1816 J. Gilchrist Philos. Etymol. 65 The philologer of more rapid and intuitive perceptions, will bear with my prolixness in this part of my work.

1865 Times 1 Sept. 10/3 When the time shall come for this perception to be common, the chymical and mechanical practicability will not be lacking.

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 291 The ordinary prudences and severities of conscience might be calmly placed behind the perceptions.

1907 Proc. Amer. Polit. Sci. Assoc. 4 302 The public perception of the inner essence of things has grown with surprising swiftness of late years, and the courts never lag very far behind public opinion.

1920 H. J. Laski Polit. Thought in Eng. v. 204 The perception that a right which is to be universal must necessarily be so general in character as to be useless in its application.

1989 E. S. Person Love & Fateful Encounters ii. 63 If feelings, perceptions, or insights are unshared or unspoken they lose their significance.

2002 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 1 July 9 This has led to a widespread perception that it is a drug-taking related virus.

c. As a mass noun: intuition, insight, perspicacity.

ΚΠ

1835 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 100 You are continually offended with a want of true insight and clear perception of matters of familiar notoriety.

1876 E. C. Stedman Victorian Poets viii. 262 Its adherents, lacking perception and synthesis..aimed at the production of quotable passages.

1908 Times 29 May 18/3 Against much good..play..one has to put general unsteadiness, a number of mistakes, and..a lack of perception of where his opponent was likely to be.

1947 G. Vidal In Yellow Wood iii. 43 Someone had told him that, thought Caroline, delighted with her perception.

1989 G. Daly Pre-Raphaelites in Love iv. 197 The letters she wrote to her mother, once so full of warmth and perception, now skimmed over the surface of things.

6. Philosophy. The action of the mind by which it refers sensations to external objects, phenomena, etc., as their cause.This sense was brought to prominence in philosophy by Thomas Reid (1710–96) to convey the common sense difference between sensations and the thing that cause them. It differs from most philosophical uses of sense 1a in seeing perception as one faculty of consciousness rather than as equivalent to consciousness itself.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > [noun] > action of perceiving

apperceivingc1386

perceiverancea1500

perceivance1534

embracement1599

apprehension1600

intuition1628

perception1762

apperception1848

external perceptiona1856

cognizing1862

perceptualization1936

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > epistemology > [noun] > perception

perception1762

1762 Ld. Kames Elements Crit. III. App. 379 External things and their attributes are objects of perception: relations among things are objects of conception.

1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers i. i. 16 In a word, perception is most properly applied to the evidence which we have of external objects by our senses.

1842 W. Hamilton in T. Reid Wks. I. 160/2 According, as in different senses, the subjective or the objective element preponderates, we have sensation or perception.

1876 H. Maudsley Physiol. of Mind iv. 221 Perception includes not only the internal feeling, but the reference of it to an external cause.

1943 M. Farber Found. Phenomenol. xiii. 396 The perception realizes the possibility of the development of the intending-this with its definite relation to the object.

1989–90 Beshara Winter 13/1 He suggested that one should regard the phenomenal world as being a mental construct, since it is only known through perception.

II. The action of perceive v. II.

†7. Christian Church. The receiving or partaking of the elements of the Eucharist. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > [noun] > attendance or partaking of

commoningc1384

communingc1425

communion1440

perceptionc1450

sumptionc1450

sustentationc1450

manducationa1513

receipt?a1513

communicating1550

communication1550

mastication1601

theanthropophagy1654

theophagy1875

c1450 (?c1425) St. Mary of Oignies ii. xii, in Anglia (1885) 8 181 (MED) She sawe in percepcyone of þe sacramente as a white douve þat put þe sacramente in þe holy byshopes mouþ.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 435/1 Y^e masse may be comprysed in four partyes..the third parte dureth fro the pater noster vnto the persepcion & the fourth parte dureth fro the percepcion vnto thende of the masse.

a1500 St. Jerome (Lamb.) in Anglia (1880) 3 342 (MED) He strenghid hyme-selffe with the comyng and percepcion of the holy body of oure lord Jhesu Crist.

?1591 R. Bruce Serm. Sacrament iv. (1 Cor. xi. 23) sig. Q7^v Nowe it is not onely, bee hearing of the word, and perception of the Sacraments, that we nurish faith.

1624 T. Gataker Discuss. Transubstant. 105 What this potion and perception is (saith he) it is our part to learne.

1674 W. Lloyd Difference Church & Court of Rome 7 The..entire perception of the holy Eucharist.

8. The collection or receiving of rents, profits, dues, etc. Now chiefly Law. Cf. perceiving n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > [noun] > exacting or collecting

tollinga1350

perception?a1475

?a1475 (?a1425) in tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1882) VIII. App. 463 (MED) Thei myȝte be absente from theire benefices..with holle percepcion of the frutes of theire benefices.

1493 in T. Thomson Acts Lords Auditors (1839) 184/1 The lordis..deliueris þat..Alexander Inness of þ^t Ilk dois wrang in þe perceptioune vptaking and withalde of þe malez and gerssoumez of þe landis of monedy.

1501 in J. A. Clyde Acta Dominorum Concilii (1943) 62 For the wrangus percepcione detencione and withhalding..of al the coile..laubourit [in that district].

1723 tr. F. C. Weber Present State Russia I. 60 Revenues..which are the Czar's own both as to Propriety and Perception.

1769 Aclome Inclos. Act 7 Entry, distress, and perception of the rents and profits.

1831 R. Peters Rep. Supreme Court U.S. 5 418 In the case of tenants in common, perception of rents and profits is, per se, no evidence of ouster.

1847 C. G. Addison Treat. Law Contracts (1883) ii. i. §1 240 The lessee had the benefit of..the perception of the profits for the whole term purported to be granted.

1885 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 15 62 There must have been something more than a mere perception of profits.

1962 T. B. Smith Scotland ix. 296 Perception or ingathering of the fruits gives good title in them to the bona fide possessor [of heritage].

Compounds

Psychology.

perception psychology n. the branch of psychology that deals with perception and the interpretation of sensory stimuli.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of perception > [noun]

perception psychology1939

1939 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 44 862 The work in topological psychology developed out of the Gestalt theory in perception psychology.

1988 Hist. & Theory 27 217 How we ultimately see reality is the result of a complex process of interpreting the stimuli of visual perception, a process which is studied by perception psychology.

perception time n. the time that elapses between the presentation of a sensory stimulus and its conscious perception.

ΚΠ

1886 Mind 11 229 Merkel gives fifteen averages in which his ‘perception time’ is between 22 and 25σ.

1947 Sci. Monthly June 521/1 The purpose of these experiments has been to improve accuracy and scope of perception and to reduce perception time.

2003 Neural Computation 15 2863 When the contrast ratio of the pictures varies, their share of the perception time changes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	perception
释义	perceptionn. Brit. /pəˈsɛpʃn/, U.S. /pərˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English percepcion, Middle English percepcioun, Middle English percepcyone, Middle English persepcion, 1600s– perception; Scottish pre-1700 percepcione, pre-1700 perceptioune, pre-1700 1700s– perception. Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Probably also partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin perceptiōn-, perceptiō; French perception. Etymology: In branch I. < classical Latin perceptiōn-, perceptiō action of receiving, collecting, action of taking possession, apprehension with the mind or senses, in post-classical Latin also receiving of the sacrament (4th or 5th cent.), levy, payment (14th cent. in British sources) < percept- , past participial stem of percipere perceive v. + -iō -ion suffix¹; in later use perhaps also partly < French perception action by which a subject takes note of objects through the senses (1611 in Cotgrave in this sense) < classical Latin perceptiōn- , perceptiō (see above). In branch II. probably via Middle French, French perception collection of revenue from land, property, etc. (c1370 in Middle French; earlier in Old French in sense ‘receiving the Holy Spirit’ (12th cent. in an isolated attestation) and in sense ‘receiving the elements of the Eucharist’ (13th cent. in an isolated attestation). Compare Catalan percepció (c1400), Spanish percepción (1411–12 as perçepçion), Portuguese percepção (1813), Italian percezione (1293–4). I. The action of perceive v. I. 1. a. The process of becoming aware or conscious of a thing or things in general; the state of being aware; consciousness; † (spiritual) understanding (obsolete).Often used in philosophical contexts; for example, John Locke contrasted perception with volition (see quot. 1690). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > [noun] > consciousness wita1000 mindc1300 perceptiona1398 percipiency1662 feeling1734 consciousness1753 percipience1768 self-feeling1798 sentience1839 sentiencya1850 cœnaesthesisa1856 cœnaesthesia1885 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 14^v It nediþ to þe ouer aungels alwey teche and lede þe neþir aungelis þat þey mowe be knowinge to þe bischinynge and illuminacioun, adduccioun & comunicacioun, induccioun, conuersioun, commencoun, & percepcioun of god. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Perception, a perception; a perceiuing, apprehension, vnderstanding. 1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing x. 87 The best Philosophy..derives all sensitive perception from Motion, and corporal impress. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. vi. 51 The two great and principal Actions of the Mind..are these two: Perception, or Thinking; and Volition, or Willing. 1725 I. Watts Logick i. i Perception is that Act of the Mind (or as some Philosophers call it, rather a Passion or Impression) whereby the Mind becomes conscious of any Thing, as when I feel Hunger, Thirst, or Cold, or Heat; when I see a Horse, a Tree, or a Man; when I hear a human Voice, or Thunder. 1751 J. Harris Hermes i. ii. 15 By the Powers of Perception, I mean the Senses and the Intellect. 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. xlv. 234 The agent between the common sensory and the sense is the consciousness or perception of the impression. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. ix. 270 Such pleasure the direct perception of natural truth always imparts. 1924 R. M. Ogden tr. K. Koffka Growth of Mind v. 295 This constancy of form becomes the child's mode of perception. 1970 A. Toffler Future Shock iii. 40 Man's perception of time is closely linked with his internal rhythms. 1990 Philos. Rev. 99 113 Berkeley's minds are active in imagination and passive in perception. †b. The capacity to be affected by a physical object, phenomenon, etc., without direct contact with it; an instance of such influence. Cf. perceive v. 1b. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only as a term in Bacon's natural philosophy. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > operation upon something > [noun] > subjecting to an action or process > undergoing or reception of action passion?a1425 suffering1577 perception1626 undergoing1645 perpession1647 passivity1659 affection1759 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum ix. Introd. 211 It is certaine, that all Bodies whatsoeuer, though they haue no Sense, yet they haue Perception:..And sometimes this Perception, in some Kinde of Bodies, is farre more Subtill than the Sense:..a Weather-Glasse, will finde the least difference of the Weather, in Heat, or Cold, when Men finde it not. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum ix. §462 It is..reported that..a Cucumber..will, in 24 houres shoot so much out, as to touch the pot [of water]: which if it be true..discouereth Perception in Plants, to moue towards that which should helpe and comfort them. †2. A perceptible trace or vestige. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > marking > a mark > trace or vestige > [noun] signa1382 stepa1382 ficchingc1384 marka1400 tracesc1400 scentc1422 footstep?a1425 tidinga1440 relicc1475 smell?a1505 stead1513 vestigy1545 print1548 token1555 remnant1560 show1561 mention1564 signification1576 footing?1580 tract1583 remainder1585 vestige1602 wrack1602 engravement1604 footstepping1610 resent1610 ghost1613 impression1613 remark1624 footprint1625 studdle1635 vestigium1644 relict1646 perception1650 vestigiary1651 track1657 symptom1722 signacle1768 ray1773 vestigia1789 footmark1800 souvenir1844 latent1920 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 88 No tract at all nor any perception of hairs is to be seen either in the lips or chin. 3. a. The process of becoming aware of physical objects, phenomena, etc., through the senses; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > [noun] > physical sensation feelinga1225 witc1290 sentimentc1374 perceivinga1398 scentc1422 feelc1450 sensation1598 aesthesis1601 sensing1613 sensity1613 resentment1634 perceptiona1652 scenting1657 sensating1666 awaring1674 sensitivity1819 sense perception1846 sentition1865 a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) iv. iv. 96 A naked perception of Sensible impressions, without any work of Reason. a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) iv. viii. 364 The perception of Sense..judgeth..the Limb of the Heavenly Horizon to be contiguous to the Earth. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. i. 20 The whole Apparatus of Vision, or of Perception by any other of our Senses. 1789 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. v. xxxiii. 50 The simple pleasures of the ear, excited by the perceptions of the chirping of birds, the murmuring of waters [etc.]. a1815 J. G. Spurzheim Physiognom. Syst. ix. 468 Gall speaks of four degrees of activity in every organ of the brain: of perception; memory, recollection or remembrance; judgment; and imagination. Gall admits perception in every organ. 1867 Sci. Amer. Dec. 355/1 Prof. Tyndall..states that the perception by the ear of musical sounds and the range of hearing in general is limited by quite narrow bounds. 1913 E. Pound in Poetry Mar. 206 Don't mess up the perception of one sense by trying to define it in terms of another. 1949 D. O. Hebb Organization of Behavior i. 16 According to these ideas, perception does depend on exciting specific parts of the receptor surface. 1990 E. Harth Dawn of Millennium (1991) vi. 91 Controversy arises over whether the processes described are sufficient to account for our perception of a tree in the visual field. †b. Observation; sight. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > sight of something > [noun] looka1200 sight?c1225 visc1340 visea1450 respection?a1475 viewa1500 prospection?1530 kenningc1540 conspect1548 ken1594 spectacle1625 styme1776 perception1817 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. ii. 358 By withdrawing the pretended mother from the perception of disinterested witnesses. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. viii. 680 His agents..did state whatever they chose, matters of hearsay, as much as of perception. 4. a. In plural. The faculties of perception collectively. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > [noun] > faculty of sensation > the senses the fivefold mightsa1200 five witsc1200 passionsa1425 senses?1530 common senses1533 fifteen wits1606 Cinque Ports1633 cinque outposts, posts1649 perceptions1666 perceptives1835 1666 Duchess of Newcastle Descr. New World 41 The Emperess asked them, Whether by their sensitive perceptions they could observe the interior corporeal, figurative motions both of Vegetables and Minerals? 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 56. ⁋5 Men, whose perceptions are languid and sluggish. 1818 I. Lickbarrow Lament Upon Death 32 Which feels and mourns, With keen perceptions, all thy country's woes. 1890 C. L. Morgan Animal Life & Intell. ix. 372 I regard the bees in their cells..as workers of keen perceptions and a high order of practical intelligence. 1956 E. J. Howard Long View iii. v. 123 An attractive woman will automatically collect a plethora of men whose perceptions are sharp enough to perceive only her most obvious attractions. 1985 S. Hastings Nancy Mitford vii. 163 To Nancy, her perceptions heightened by emotion, the capital of France was the most beautiful place on earth. b. The faculty of perceiving; the ability or power to perceive. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > [noun] anyitOE eyesightc1175 sightc1175 sentimentc1374 mindc1384 intentc1386 fantasyc1400 savoura1425 spiritsc1450 perceiverancea1500 perceiverationa1500 senses1528 perceivance1534 sense1553 kenc1560 mind-sight1587 knowledge1590 fancy1593 animadversion1596 cognition1651 awaring1674 perception1678 scan1838 apperception1848 perceivedness1871 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iii. 144 Concluding that all Matter and Substance as such, hath Life and Perception or Understanding Natural and Inconscious, Essentially belonging to it. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 519. ¶4 Existence is a Blessing to those Beings only which are endowed with Perception. 1856 B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. (ed. 3) I. ii. 48 The organ may be so imperfect that the perception of colours may be in a great degree..wanting. 1873 M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma Pref. p. xxv Perhaps the quality specially needed for drawing the right conclusion from the facts..is best called perception, delicacy of perception. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 814/1 In the duel between the hunter and the beast-mind the intellectual powers of perception, memory, reason and will were developed. 1991 H. Rheingold Virtual Reality ii. ii. 60 The extension of computer-based tools to the amplification of human perception and cognition. 5. The mental product or result of perceiving something. a. Philosophy and Psychology. = percept n. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of perception > [adjective] perception1690 the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > [noun] > product of perception imagea1393 knowledgea1398 appearancea1400 utter-wit1495 cognizance1635 conusance1635 cognoscence1647 perception1690 cognitiona1822 trans-impressiona1834 percept1864 vestige1885 the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of perception > process of perception > [noun] presentmenta1842 presentation1849 perception1875 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. xi. 319 'Tis plain, those Perceptions are produced in us, by exteriour Causes affecting our Senses. 1739 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature I. i. 11 All the perceptions of the human mind resolve themselves into two distinct kinds, which I shall call Impressions and Ideas. 1780 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. (1789) v. §1 Pains and pleasures may be called by one general word interesting perceptions. 1836 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 126 520 The brain is undoubtedly the organ of the mind... Here the perceptions are compared and combined so as to produce ideas. 1875 A. J. Ellis tr. H. L. F. von Helmholtz On Sensations of Tone i. iv. 99 There are several much more complicated cases in which many sensations must concur to furnish the foundation of a very simple perception. 1899 Philos. Rev. 8 3 Are not all perceptions furnished us by sensibility—which is just the capacity of receiving such presentations according as we are affected by objects? 1931 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. 22 25 A more adequate psychological theory..speaks of the ‘integration’ of the constituent sensations into a perception. 1990 K. Frank Chainless Soul: Life E. Brontë 4 Anorexic women often experience alterations in consciousness and distorted sense perceptions akin to those described in accounts of mystical trances. b. As a count noun: a direct recognition of something; an intuitive insight; an understanding. Also: an interpretation or impression based upon such an understanding; an opinion or belief. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > intuition > [noun] sense1555 light of nature1561 intuitiona1600 instinct1600 perception1701 persentiscency1712 sixth sense1761 Anschauung1820 intuitiveness1873 intuitivism1883 seerhood1884 third eye1921 radar1949 the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > [noun] > a view, notion, opinion thingOE thoughtc1300 opinion1340 device1393 holdingc1449 opinationc1475 sense1539 apprehension1579 suppose1587 supposal1589 conception1603 notion1603 opining1611 tenet1631 respect1662 sentiment1675 perception1701 1701 J. Edwards Free Disc. conc. Truth & Error i. 9 We cannot be Deceived in the knowledge of things, if we use the Means which are serviceable and necessary to conduct us to a Clear Perception of them. 1745 J. Wesley Answer to Rev. Church 22 The other is, such a Plerophory or full Assurance that I am forgiven, and so clear a Perception, that Christ abideth in me; as utterly excludes all Doubt and Fear. 1816 J. Gilchrist Philos. Etymol. 65 The philologer of more rapid and intuitive perceptions, will bear with my prolixness in this part of my work. 1865 Times 1 Sept. 10/3 When the time shall come for this perception to be common, the chymical and mechanical practicability will not be lacking. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 291 The ordinary prudences and severities of conscience might be calmly placed behind the perceptions. 1907 Proc. Amer. Polit. Sci. Assoc. 4 302 The public perception of the inner essence of things has grown with surprising swiftness of late years, and the courts never lag very far behind public opinion. 1920 H. J. Laski Polit. Thought in Eng. v. 204 The perception that a right which is to be universal must necessarily be so general in character as to be useless in its application. 1989 E. S. Person Love & Fateful Encounters ii. 63 If feelings, perceptions, or insights are unshared or unspoken they lose their significance. 2002 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 1 July 9 This has led to a widespread perception that it is a drug-taking related virus. c. As a mass noun: intuition, insight, perspicacity. ΚΠ 1835 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 100 You are continually offended with a want of true insight and clear perception of matters of familiar notoriety. 1876 E. C. Stedman Victorian Poets viii. 262 Its adherents, lacking perception and synthesis..aimed at the production of quotable passages. 1908 Times 29 May 18/3 Against much good..play..one has to put general unsteadiness, a number of mistakes, and..a lack of perception of where his opponent was likely to be. 1947 G. Vidal In Yellow Wood iii. 43 Someone had told him that, thought Caroline, delighted with her perception. 1989 G. Daly Pre-Raphaelites in Love iv. 197 The letters she wrote to her mother, once so full of warmth and perception, now skimmed over the surface of things. 6. Philosophy. The action of the mind by which it refers sensations to external objects, phenomena, etc., as their cause.This sense was brought to prominence in philosophy by Thomas Reid (1710–96) to convey the common sense difference between sensations and the thing that cause them. It differs from most philosophical uses of sense 1a in seeing perception as one faculty of consciousness rather than as equivalent to consciousness itself. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > [noun] > action of perceiving apperceivingc1386 perceiverancea1500 perceivance1534 embracement1599 apprehension1600 intuition1628 perception1762 apperception1848 external perceptiona1856 cognizing1862 perceptualization1936 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > epistemology > [noun] > perception perception1762 1762 Ld. Kames Elements Crit. III. App. 379 External things and their attributes are objects of perception: relations among things are objects of conception. 1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers i. i. 16 In a word, perception is most properly applied to the evidence which we have of external objects by our senses. 1842 W. Hamilton in T. Reid Wks. I. 160/2 According, as in different senses, the subjective or the objective element preponderates, we have sensation or perception. 1876 H. Maudsley Physiol. of Mind iv. 221 Perception includes not only the internal feeling, but the reference of it to an external cause. 1943 M. Farber Found. Phenomenol. xiii. 396 The perception realizes the possibility of the development of the intending-this with its definite relation to the object. 1989–90 Beshara Winter 13/1 He suggested that one should regard the phenomenal world as being a mental construct, since it is only known through perception. II. The action of perceive v. II. †7. Christian Church. The receiving or partaking of the elements of the Eucharist. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > [noun] > attendance or partaking of commoningc1384 communingc1425 communion1440 perceptionc1450 sumptionc1450 sustentationc1450 manducationa1513 receipt?a1513 communicating1550 communication1550 mastication1601 theanthropophagy1654 theophagy1875 c1450 (?c1425) St. Mary of Oignies ii. xii, in Anglia (1885) 8 181 (MED) She sawe in percepcyone of þe sacramente as a white douve þat put þe sacramente in þe holy byshopes mouþ. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 435/1 Y^e masse may be comprysed in four partyes..the third parte dureth fro the pater noster vnto the persepcion & the fourth parte dureth fro the percepcion vnto thende of the masse. a1500 St. Jerome (Lamb.) in Anglia (1880) 3 342 (MED) He strenghid hyme-selffe with the comyng and percepcion of the holy body of oure lord Jhesu Crist. ?1591 R. Bruce Serm. Sacrament iv. (1 Cor. xi. 23) sig. Q7^v Nowe it is not onely, bee hearing of the word, and perception of the Sacraments, that we nurish faith. 1624 T. Gataker Discuss. Transubstant. 105 What this potion and perception is (saith he) it is our part to learne. 1674 W. Lloyd Difference Church & Court of Rome 7 The..entire perception of the holy Eucharist. 8. The collection or receiving of rents, profits, dues, etc. Now chiefly Law. Cf. perceiving n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > [noun] > exacting or collecting tollinga1350 perception?a1475 ?a1475 (?a1425) in tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1882) VIII. App. 463 (MED) Thei myȝte be absente from theire benefices..with holle percepcion of the frutes of theire benefices. 1493 in T. Thomson Acts Lords Auditors (1839) 184/1 The lordis..deliueris þat..Alexander Inness of þ^t Ilk dois wrang in þe perceptioune vptaking and withalde of þe malez and gerssoumez of þe landis of monedy. 1501 in J. A. Clyde Acta Dominorum Concilii (1943) 62 For the wrangus percepcione detencione and withhalding..of al the coile..laubourit [in that district]. 1723 tr. F. C. Weber Present State Russia I. 60 Revenues..which are the Czar's own both as to Propriety and Perception. 1769 Aclome Inclos. Act 7 Entry, distress, and perception of the rents and profits. 1831 R. Peters Rep. Supreme Court U.S. 5 418 In the case of tenants in common, perception of rents and profits is, per se, no evidence of ouster. 1847 C. G. Addison Treat. Law Contracts (1883) ii. i. §1 240 The lessee had the benefit of..the perception of the profits for the whole term purported to be granted. 1885 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 15 62 There must have been something more than a mere perception of profits. 1962 T. B. Smith Scotland ix. 296 Perception or ingathering of the fruits gives good title in them to the bona fide possessor [of heritage]. Compounds Psychology. perception psychology n. the branch of psychology that deals with perception and the interpretation of sensory stimuli. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of perception > [noun] perception psychology1939 1939 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 44 862 The work in topological psychology developed out of the Gestalt theory in perception psychology. 1988 Hist. & Theory 27 217 How we ultimately see reality is the result of a complex process of interpreting the stimuli of visual perception, a process which is studied by perception psychology. perception time n. the time that elapses between the presentation of a sensory stimulus and its conscious perception. ΚΠ 1886 Mind 11 229 Merkel gives fifteen averages in which his ‘perception time’ is between 22 and 25σ. 1947 Sci. Monthly June 521/1 The purpose of these experiments has been to improve accuracy and scope of perception and to reduce perception time. 2003 Neural Computation 15 2863 When the contrast ratio of the pictures varies, their share of the perception time changes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1398
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