Permiann.adj.
/ˈpəːmɪən/, U.S. /ˈpərmiən/ A. n.
1.
a. An inhabitant of the Perm region of Russia; spec. a member of the Komi or Udmurt people or a speaker of a Permic language.
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the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of Russia, the Russian Empire, or the Soviet Union > [noun] > states or provinces
Albanianc1400
Georgian?a1425
Armenian?1520
Moldave1552
Permian1555
Anatolian1588
Podolian1603
Lithuanian1607
Livonian1652
Zemblan1674
Zemblian1674
Siberian1719
Kurile1764
Crimean1768
Ukrainera1815
Ukrainian1823
Bessarabian1835
Sibiriak1903
Latvian1941
1555 R. Eden tr. P. Giovio Libellus de legatione Basilii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 283 The Permians..dyd sacrifice to Idols.
1591 G. Fletcher Of Russe Common Wealth xx. sig. L3v The Permians & Samoits that lye from Russia, north & Northeast, are thought likewise to haue taken their beginning from the Tartar kind... The Permians are accounted for a very ancient people.
1722 tr. J. B. Müller Manners & Customs of Ostiacks in tr. F. C. Weber Present State Russia II. 62 It is probable the Fear of being discovered was the Reason why they would not call themselves Permsky or Permians.
1792 J. Smirnove tr. S. I. Pleshcheev Surv. Russ. Empire Contents xviii Nations which are supposed to descend from the Finns... The Permiaki, or Permians.
1841 Penny Cycl. XX. 247/1 The Votiakes are settled west of the Permians, on both sides of the upper course of the river Viatka, and in the country about the source of the Kama.
1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 79/2 The Permians, or Cis-Uralian Finns.
1929 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 59 225 Finno-Ugrian peoples..may be divided into two chief groups: Finnish (sub-classes: Baltic Finns, Lapps, Volga-Finns, Permians..), and Ugrish.
1976 Geogr. Jrnl. 142 532 The Stroganovs..were living peaceably among the Permians.
1998 Current Digest Post-Soviet Press (Nexis) 18 Nov. 10 Kazan..would be the one collecting ‘tribute’ from the Chuvash, Mordvinians, Mari, Permians and Bashkirs to pay for gas.
b. The language of the Permians; = Permic n. 1.
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the mind > language > languages of the world > Uralic > [noun] > Samoyedic > Finno-Ugric > Finnic > Permian
Permian1798
Zyrian1886
Komi1942
1798 Sel. from Most Celebrated Foreign Literary Jrnls. 2 362 Their [sc. the kondish Ostiacks] language approaches nearest to the permian and the vagoul.
1813 Q. Rev. Oct. 256 Classes..of Languages... Siberian, Permian, Wogulic.
1908 T. G. Tucker Introd. Nat. Hist. Lang. 132 Permian, embracing Permian proper, Siryenian and Votiak. These are spoken by sparse populations near the Urals in the E.N.E. of European Russia.
1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. 68 Four further branches of the Finno-Ugrian stock... Permian, consisting of Votyak and Zyrian.
2001 Folklore 18 175 The word kildys means in Permian ‘creative’, ‘fertilizing’.
2. Geology. The last period of the Palaeozoic era, following the Carboniferous and preceding the Triassic, in which amphibians and mammal-like reptiles flourished, many marine animals became extinct, and many sandstones were deposited; the system of rocks dating from this time; (in plural, now rare) Permian strata or deposits.The Permian lasted from about 290 to 245 million years ago.
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the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [noun] > primary or Palaeozoic > Permian
Permian1847
Dyas1876
Permic1899
1847 D. T. Ansted Anc. World i. 14 The periods marked by the presence of Vegetables, and the..Reptilian Animals: Permian and Carboniferous.
1856 C. Lyell Let. 23 Aug. in Life, Lett. & Jrnls. (1881) II. xxviii. 221 The fossil plants of the Saxon Permians.
1866 Intellectual Observer No. 48. 437 The Permians adjoining South Staffordshire.
1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 230/1 The Cheshire and Worcestershire salt-beds are by some attributed to the Permian.
1937 A. L. Du Toit Our Wandering Continents viii. 164 At the close of the Permian, during the Pfalzian Phase, the central plateau of France and the Saar region were upheaved along an E.–W. axis.
1940 F. F. Grout Kemp's Handbk. Rocks (ed. 6) viii. 165 The characteristic ‘red beds’ of the Permian and Triassic are red shaly sandstones and sandy shales.
1994 Nature 20 Jan. 231/1 Lazarus taxa disappear from the record during the Late Permian, but did not become extinct, for they reappear in Middle Triassic rocks.
B. adj.
1.
a. Of, relating to, or designating the Perm region of Russia or its inhabitants.
ΚΠ
1735 tr. P. J. von Strahlenberg Histori-geogr. Descript. N. & E. Part of Europe & Asia 118 The Agripæi, who are also called Sacri, inhabited near to, and on, the Riphæn or Permian Mountains.
1844 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 14 p. lxv The western flank of the great valley of Petchora, or north-eastern limit of the great Permian basin.
1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. 291/2 The Permian Finns comprise the Siryenians,..the Permian proper,..and the Votyak.
1911 Encycl. Brit. XXVI. 317/2 Syryenians.., a tribe belonging to the Permian division of the eastern Finns.
1998 G. C. Schoolfield Hist. Finland's Lit. i. 24 That segment of the Finns living in Russian Karelia..seems to have been a tribe directly descended from the..Permian people (Bjarmians of the Norse sagas).
b. Of, relating to, or designating the language of the Permians; = Permic adj. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > languages of the world > Uralic > [adjective] > Samoyed > Finno-Ugric languages > Finnic > Permian
Permian1735
Permic1913
Zyrian1951
1735 tr. P. J. von-Strahlenberg Histori-geogr. Descript. N. & E. Part of Europe & Asia 294 He [sc. Bishop Stephanus] also invented a Permian alphabet, and translated several Books, out of the Russian, into the Permian Language.
a1798 Sel. from Most Celebrated Foreign Literary Jrnls. (1798) I. 213 There are finnish and permian words in all these languages.
1867 W. D. Whitney Lang. & Study of Lang. Index 500 Permian language.
1951 W. K. Matthews Langs. U.S.S.R. iii. 24 The Permian branch, which comprises two languages, Zyryan and Votyak (Udmurt).
1996 C. A. Ferguson & T. Huebner Sociolinguistic Perspectives iv. 219 The Permian language was used for a time in the life of the Church, and the texts in Old Permian are among the most ancient monuments of Uralic languages.
2. Geology. Of, relating to, or designating the Permian.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [adjective] > primary or Palaeozoic > Permian
poikilitic1832
Permian1841
Dyassic1878
Permic1914
1841 R. Murchison in London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 19 419 The carboniferous system is surmounted, to the east of the Volga, by a vast series of beds of marls, schists, limestones, sandstones and conglomerates, to which I propose to give the name of ‘Permian system’.
1876 D. Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 6) xiv. 254 Those labyrinthodont reptiles that come boldly into force in the Permian and Triassic eras.
1895 Wales June 258/1 The Permian beds are suddenly cut off in the Alun Valley.
a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xviii. 490 The mud-puppies themselves belong to Permian times, and their strongly developed limbs and girdles point to well-established terrestrial habits.
1981 J. McPhee Basin & Range 115 At least half the fish and invertebrates and three-quarters of all amphibians..disappeared from the world in what has come to be known as the Permian Extinction.
1994 Beautiful Brit. Columbia Fall 14/1 An ancient thrust of upper Permian limestone, the range consists of pale grey, trowel-smooth ridges linking occasional castellated peaks.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.adj.1555