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单词 perpendicularly
释义

perpendicularlyadv.

Brit. /ˌpəːp(ə)nˈdɪkjᵿləli/, U.S. /ˌpərpənˈdɪkjələrli/
Forms: 1500s perpendiculerly, 1500s– perpendicularly.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: perpendicular adj., -ly suffix2.
Etymology: < perpendicular adj. + -ly suffix2. Compare Middle French, French perpendiculairement (1509; earlier as perpendiculierement (15th cent.)), Italian perpendicularmente (a1328 or earlier; now perpendicolarmente ). Compare earlier perpendicular adv.
1.
a. In a perpendicular direction or position; directly up or down, vertically.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > vertical position > [adverb]
downrightsa1170
downrightc1225
adownrightsc1275
righta1325
plumbc1425
perpendiculara1527
perpendicularly1555
endlong1600
plumb-wise1613
vertically1646
up and down1669
plumbly1931
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. i. f. 94 The soonne hauinge his course perpendiculerly or directly ouer the same [L. ob solis perpendiculum].
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xx. 54 The altitude, Which thou hast perpendicularly fell. View more context for this quotation
1659 J. Leak tr. I. de Caus New Inventions Water-works 34 This manner of force-Pump..the forces do Rise and Fall Perpendicularly in their Barrels.
a1731 D. Defoe New Voy. round World (1787) III. 190 It rose about two fathom perpendicularly.
1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 161 The rocks dip almost perpendicularly, and form long columnar stacks.
1856 P. H. Gosse Tenby xiv. 124 The water here was brilliantly clear, and very black as we looked down perpendicularly.
1885 Spectator 8 Aug. 1045/1 The trees..grow perpendicularly for 100 feet before the branches commence.
1966 A. Govionda Way of White Clouds ii. iv. 75 The shore proved to be a boulder-strewn narrow ledge of rock that fell perpendicularly into the lake.
1990 D. M. Thomas Lying Together (BNC) She could feel the attraction of hacking one's way almost perpendicularly up an ice field.
b. figurative. Directly. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adverb] > most importantly
foremostOE
primarily1587
in (also for, on, upon) the maina1591
mainly1640
perpendicularly1658
capitally1679
paramountly1798
leadingly1801
importantly1841
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or extraordinary > [adverb]
hurec893
sunderlyeOE
highlyOE
namelya1200
sunderlepesa1200
sunderlepea1225
specialc1230
specially1340
specially1340
serelya1375
principallyc1390
especially?a1400
rathestc1400
singularlyc1430
selfly1503
singular1530
enspecial1534
inespecially1557
nearly1560
peculiarly1561
inespecial1569
especial1591
speciouslya1616
nominately1641
chief1645
perpendicularly1658
1658 J. Jones tr. Ovid Invective against Ibis 48 Gods presence is everywhere but more perpendicularly in his Temple.
1688 J. Norris Theory & Regulation Love Pref. 4 To write nothing but what is directly and Perpendicularly to the Point in hand.
2. Chiefly Science and Engineering. At right angles to a given line, plane, or surface; = normally adv. 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > position at right angles to something > [adverb]
straightly1395
squarewise1546
directly1559
orthogonally?a1560
perpendicularly1570
rightly1594
square1631
rectangularly1646
right-angular1676
normally1869
squarely1873
1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 6 A right angle is caused of one right lyne falling perpendicularly vppon an other.
?1677 S. Primatt City & Covntry Purchaser & Builder 159 A right Line drawn cuts the Line given perpendicularly.
1703 Moxon's Mech. Exercises (new ed.) 208 You must not hold the Blade of this Tool perpendicularly before the Work,..but aslant.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator vi. 349/2 Cogs or pins placed perpendicularly to the face of the wheel.
1998 Nature 29 Jan. 430/3 The boundary between any adjacent pair of cells being the plane that perpendicularly bisects the line joining their two points.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adv.1555
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