perpendicularlyadv.

Brit.

/ˌpəːp(ə)nˈdɪkjᵿləli/, U.S.

/ˌpərpənˈdɪkjələrli/

Forms: 1500s perpendiculerly, 1500s– perpendicularly.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: perpendicular adj., -ly suffix².

Etymology: < perpendicular adj. + -ly suffix². Compare Middle French, French perpendiculairement (1509; earlier as perpendiculierement (15th cent.)), Italian perpendicularmente (a1328 or earlier; now perpendicolarmente ). Compare earlier perpendicular adv.

a. In a perpendicular direction or position; directly up or down, vertically.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > vertical position > [adverb]

downrightsa1170

downrightc1225

adownrightsc1275

righta1325

plumbc1425

perpendiculara1527

perpendicularly1555

endlong1600

plumb-wise1613

vertically1646

up and down1669

plumbly1931

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. i. f. 94 The soonne hauinge his course perpendiculerly or directly ouer the same [L. ob solis perpendiculum].

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xx. 54 The altitude, Which thou hast perpendicularly fell.

1659 J. Leak tr. I. de Caus New Inventions Water-works 34 This manner of force-Pump..the forces do Rise and Fall Perpendicularly in their Barrels.

a1731 D. Defoe New Voy. round World (1787) III. 190 It rose about two fathom perpendicularly.

1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 161 The rocks dip almost perpendicularly, and form long columnar stacks.

1856 P. H. Gosse Tenby xiv. 124 The water here was brilliantly clear, and very black as we looked down perpendicularly.

1885 Spectator 8 Aug. 1045/1 The trees..grow perpendicularly for 100 feet before the branches commence.

1966 A. Govionda Way of White Clouds ii. iv. 75 The shore proved to be a boulder-strewn narrow ledge of rock that fell perpendicularly into the lake.

1990 D. M. Thomas Lying Together (BNC) She could feel the attraction of hacking one's way almost perpendicularly up an ice field.

†b. figurative. Directly. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adverb] > most importantly

foremostOE

primarily1587

in (also for, on, upon) the maina1591

mainly1640

perpendicularly1658

capitally1679

paramountly1798

leadingly1801

importantly1841

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or extraordinary > [adverb]

hurec893

sunderlyeOE

highlyOE

namelya1200

sunderlepesa1200

sunderlepea1225

specialc1230

specially1340

serelya1375

principallyc1390

especially?a1400

rathestc1400

singularlyc1430

selfly1503

singular1530

enspecial1534

inespecially1557

nearly1560

peculiarly1561

inespecial1569

especial1591

speciouslya1616

nominately1641

chief1645

perpendicularly1658

1658 J. Jones tr. Ovid Invective against Ibis 48 Gods presence is everywhere but more perpendicularly in his Temple.

1688 J. Norris Theory & Regulation Love Pref. 4 To write nothing but what is directly and Perpendicularly to the Point in hand.

2. Chiefly Science and Engineering. At right angles to a given line, plane, or surface; = normally adv. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > position at right angles to something > [adverb]

straightly1395

squarewise1546

directly1559

orthogonally?a1560

perpendicularly1570

rightly1594

square1631

rectangularly1646

right-angular1676

normally1869

squarely1873

1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 6 A right angle is caused of one right lyne falling perpendicularly vppon an other.

?1677 S. Primatt City & Covntry Purchaser & Builder 159 A right Line drawn cuts the Line given perpendicularly.

1703 Moxon's Mech. Exercises (new ed.) 208 You must not hold the Blade of this Tool perpendicularly before the Work,..but aslant.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator vi. 349/2 Cogs or pins placed perpendicularly to the face of the wheel.

1998 Nature 29 Jan. 430/3 The boundary between any adjacent pair of cells being the plane that perpendicularly bisects the line joining their two points.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	perpendicularly
释义	perpendicularlyadv. Brit. /ˌpəːp(ə)nˈdɪkjᵿləli/, U.S. /ˌpərpənˈdɪkjələrli/ Forms: 1500s perpendiculerly, 1500s– perpendicularly. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: perpendicular adj., -ly suffix². Etymology: < perpendicular adj. + -ly suffix². Compare Middle French, French perpendiculairement (1509; earlier as perpendiculierement (15th cent.)), Italian perpendicularmente (a1328 or earlier; now perpendicolarmente ). Compare earlier perpendicular adv. 1. a. In a perpendicular direction or position; directly up or down, vertically. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > vertical position > [adverb] downrightsa1170 downrightc1225 adownrightsc1275 righta1325 plumbc1425 perpendiculara1527 perpendicularly1555 endlong1600 plumb-wise1613 vertically1646 up and down1669 plumbly1931 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. i. f. 94 The soonne hauinge his course perpendiculerly or directly ouer the same [L. ob solis perpendiculum]. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xx. 54 The altitude, Which thou hast perpendicularly fell. View more context for this quotation 1659 J. Leak tr. I. de Caus New Inventions Water-works 34 This manner of force-Pump..the forces do Rise and Fall Perpendicularly in their Barrels. a1731 D. Defoe New Voy. round World (1787) III. 190 It rose about two fathom perpendicularly. 1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 161 The rocks dip almost perpendicularly, and form long columnar stacks. 1856 P. H. Gosse Tenby xiv. 124 The water here was brilliantly clear, and very black as we looked down perpendicularly. 1885 Spectator 8 Aug. 1045/1 The trees..grow perpendicularly for 100 feet before the branches commence. 1966 A. Govionda Way of White Clouds ii. iv. 75 The shore proved to be a boulder-strewn narrow ledge of rock that fell perpendicularly into the lake. 1990 D. M. Thomas Lying Together (BNC) She could feel the attraction of hacking one's way almost perpendicularly up an ice field. †b. figurative. Directly. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adverb] > most importantly foremostOE primarily1587 in (also for, on, upon) the maina1591 mainly1640 perpendicularly1658 capitally1679 paramountly1798 leadingly1801 importantly1841 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or extraordinary > [adverb] hurec893 sunderlyeOE highlyOE namelya1200 sunderlepesa1200 sunderlepea1225 specialc1230 specially1340 specially1340 serelya1375 principallyc1390 especially?a1400 rathestc1400 singularlyc1430 selfly1503 singular1530 enspecial1534 inespecially1557 nearly1560 peculiarly1561 inespecial1569 especial1591 speciouslya1616 nominately1641 chief1645 perpendicularly1658 1658 J. Jones tr. Ovid Invective against Ibis 48 Gods presence is everywhere but more perpendicularly in his Temple. 1688 J. Norris Theory & Regulation Love Pref. 4 To write nothing but what is directly and Perpendicularly to the Point in hand. 2. Chiefly Science and Engineering. At right angles to a given line, plane, or surface; = normally adv. 4. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > position at right angles to something > [adverb] straightly1395 squarewise1546 directly1559 orthogonally?a1560 perpendicularly1570 rightly1594 square1631 rectangularly1646 right-angular1676 normally1869 squarely1873 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 6 A right angle is caused of one right lyne falling perpendicularly vppon an other. ?1677 S. Primatt City & Covntry Purchaser & Builder 159 A right Line drawn cuts the Line given perpendicularly. 1703 Moxon's Mech. Exercises (new ed.) 208 You must not hold the Blade of this Tool perpendicularly before the Work,..but aslant. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator vi. 349/2 Cogs or pins placed perpendicularly to the face of the wheel. 1998 Nature 29 Jan. 430/3 The boundary between any adjacent pair of cells being the plane that perpendicularly bisects the line joining their two points. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.1555
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