phenylenen.
/ˈfɛnᵻliːn/, U.S. /ˈfɛnəˌlin/ Chemistry.
Originally: a supposed hydrocarbon having the formula C6H4. Now: each of three divalent radicals —C6H4—, derived from benzene by the loss of two hydrogen atoms. Usually attributive or in the names of chemical compounds.
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1860 A. W. Hofmann in Proc. Royal Soc. 10 495 If, bearing in mind the numerous analogies between the radicals ethyl and phenyl, we assume that the latter, by the loss of hydrogen, may be converted into a diatomic molecule, phenylene C6H4, corresponding to ethylene, the existence of a group of bases corresponding to the ethylene-bases cannot be doubted.
1864 Proc. Royal Soc. 1863–4 13 491 Derived from the radicals phenyl, C6H5, and tolyl, C7H7, under the influence of dehydrogenating agents, this complex atom may possibly contain the bivalent radicals phenylene, C6H4, and tolylene, C7H6.
1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 480 Phenylene. C6H4. A liquid having this composition and boiling at 91° was found by Church among the products of the distillation of phenylic chloride with sodium-amalgam.
1924 Science 11 July 48/1 The effect of the phenylene group on the potential of anthraquinone.
1955 B. C. L. Kemp Elem. Org. Chem. (new ed.) xvi. 233 The most important aryl radicals are C6H5— phenyl, C6H4 phenylene, and C6H5.CH2— benzyl.
1991 J. M. G. Cowie Polymers (BNC) (ed. 2) 236 If..the phenylene rings are para-oriented, the chains retain their axial symmetry and can crystallize more readily.
Compounds
phenylene blue n. the dye indamine.
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the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > blue colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs > other dyes
stone-blue1675
starch blue1742
Saxon blue1753
fig-blue1786
chemic1792
Turkey blue1815
Paris blue1835
Saxony blue1857
soluble blue1879
methylene blue1882
indoin1884
phenylene blue1884
indamine1888
Nile blue1888
gallamine blue1889
neutral blue1889
chrome-blue1892
toluidine blue1898
indanthrene1901
Saxe blue1905
trypan blue1911
mandarin blue1912
1884 Philos. Trans. 1883 (Royal Soc.) 174 824 (note) There is soluble or water blue, insoluble blue, gentiana blue, phenylene blue, benzyl blue..some of which are patented products of the various aniline-dye manufacturers.
1952 K. Venkataraman Chem. Synthetic Dyes II. xxv. 762 The indamines (e.g., Phenylene Blue) are obtained by oxidizing a neutral solution of..a p-diamine,.. and..a monamine (e.g. aniline) having a free p-position.
phenylene brown n. a brown substance derived from phenylenediamine and used as a dye and as a histological stain.
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the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic dyes > [noun] > colouring brown
phenylene brown1867
indoxyl1886
1867 Chem. News 12 July 24/2 The phenylene-brown consists chiefly of a new base of the composition C12H13N5.
1922 A. Clarke Coal-tar Colours in Decorative Industries iii. 43 The colours most suitable for this method are:—On White Earth—..Phenylene Brown, Crystal Violet and Methyl Violet.
1985 Indian Jrnl. Fisheries 32 488 It was found that 15 days exposure to 0.01% toxicant, phenylene brown, induced significant decrease in the activity of phosphatases.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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