phialn.

Brit.

/ˈfʌɪəl/, U.S.

/ˈfaɪ(ə)l/

Forms:

α. Middle English fialle, Middle English fiol, Middle English fyale, Middle English fyall, Middle English fyole, Middle English fyoll, Middle English 1600s fiole, Middle English–1500s fyol; N.E.D. also records forms Middle English fyolle.

β. Middle English 1600s phiole, Middle English– phial, 1500s phyall, 1500s–1600s phiall, 1600s–1700s phiol, 1600s–1700s phyal; Scottish pre-1700 phiale, pre-1700 phiol, pre-1700 phiole, pre-1700 phioll, pre-1700 phyoll, pre-1700 1700s– phial; N.E.D. also records forms Middle English phyall, Middle English phyalle.

See also vial n.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French fiole; Latin phiala.

Etymology: Partly < Middle French fiole, fyole, fiolle, phiole (beginning of the 13th cent. in Old French; French fiole ) < post-classical Latin phiola (frequently from c1200 in British sources; 6th cent. as fiola ), variant of classical Latin phiala (see below); and partly < classical Latin phiala a broad shallow dish, in post-classical Latin also in sense ‘phial’ (frequently from late 11th cent. in British sources) < ancient Greek ϕιάλη phiale n. Compare Old Occitan fiola (1372; Occitan fiòla), Catalan fiola (14th cent.), Italian fiala (1321).

1. A vessel for holding liquids; (formerly generally) any of various types of containers for liquids, esp. drinks; (later) spec. a small, slim, sealable glass bottle for holding liquid medicine, drugs, chemicals, etc.Bologna, Leyden phial: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > drinking vessel > [noun]

chalicec825

napeOE

copc950

fullOE

cupc1000

canOE

shalec1075

scalec1230

maselin?a1300

mazer1311

richardine1352

dish1381

fiole1382

pece1383

phialc1384

gobletc1400

bowl-cup1420

chalice-cup1420

crusec1420

mazer-cup1434

goddard1439

stoup1452

bicker1459

cowl1476

tankard1485

stop1489

hanapa1513

skull1513

Maudlin cup1544

Magdalene cup?a1549

mazer bowl1562

skew1567

shell1577

godet1580

mazard1584

bousing-can1590

cushion1594

glove1609

rumkin1636

Maudlin pot1638

Pimlico1654

mazer dish1656

mug1664

tumbler1664

souce1688

streaker1694

ox-eye1703

false-cup1708

tankard-cup1745

poculum1846

phiale1867

tumbler-cup1900

stem-cup1915

sippy cup1986

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > flask, flagon, or bottle > [noun] > phial or ampoule

cruetc1384

phialc1384

vialc1386

oil glass1580

thumb-bottle1727

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) Apoc. v. 8 Golden fioles [a1425 L.V. violis] ful of saueringis, whiche ben the preyers of seyntis.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1476 (MED) Þe gobelotes of golde graven aboute, And fyoles fretted wyth flores and fleez of golde.

a1425 (a1382) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Num. vii. 79 A silueren fyol [a1425 L.V. viol] hauynge seuenti sicles at the weiȝt of the seyntuarie.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xiii. 47 The fyole fulle of the holi libacion.

1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 64 Lyquors destilled shoulde be kepte in glasen phialles with narow mouthes.

1610 Bible (Douay) II. Amos vi. 6 You..that drinke wine in phials [1611 bowls].

1682 R. Boyle Contin. New Exper. Physico-mech.: 2nd Pt. 12 A Glass Phial filled with Mercury.

1736 S.-Carolina Gaz. 21 Feb. 2/1 Make a Powder, to be kept in a Phial close stopped.

1747 B. Franklin Let. 28 July in Exper. & Observ. Electr. (1751) 7 Set the electrified phial on one, and then touch the wire.

1796 J. G. Stedman Narr. Exped. Surinam II. xxix. 375 I found a crystal phial filled with essential oil of orange.

1824 Lancet 22 Feb. 267/1 The ammonia lost its stimulating properties, in consequence of the phial containing it being badly stopped.

1873 E. E. Hale In his Name iii. 16 What is the elixir in your phial?

1927 A. Conan Doyle Case-bk. Sherlock Holmes 229 There was not much, but there was enough—an empty phial, another nearly full, a hypodermic syringe, several letters in a crabbed, foreign hand.

1959 Princ. Forced Circulation in Hot Water Heating Syst. (Sigmund Pumps Ltd.) (1960) 36 A temperature-sensitive phial is situated outside the house and this is connected to the mixing valve by means of a capillary tube.

1988 P. Sayer Comforts of Madness (1989) vi. 43 Each day he gave me an injection or two of a sickly-smelling substance which came in two brown phials.

2003 Independent 21 Jan. 2/6 The packages, discovered at about 11am at West Bay in Dorset, also contained phials of the drug dimercaprol, which acts as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning.

2. figurative. With allusion to Revelation 5:8, 16:1 (see quot. c1384 at sense 1, and cf. vial n. b). Now rare.

ΚΠ

c1450 (?c1425) E. Hull tr. Seven Psalms (1995) 74 Eueriche, as þe lettre seythe, had þer harpys and þer phyoles ful of suete sauours, þe whiche be þe oreysons of seyntys.

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. 12 That my Prayers being..presented in the Phial of the Saints may ascend..Where thy glory dwells.

1677 S. Speed Prison-pietie 141 The fierce dreadful fire Of thine Ire, And Phials thou shalt make Us sinners drink.

1750 E. Young Complaint (new ed.) i. 53 The Phial of thy Vengeance, pour'd On this devoted Head.

1773 H. Mackenzie Man of World I. xxx. 338 If thou hast not yet punished me enough, continue to pour out the phials of thy wrath upon me, and enable me to support what thou inflictest!

1818 S. E. Ferrier Marriage III. ii. 20 On the present occasion, her injudicious friend was only brewing phials of wrath for her.

1881 D. G. Rossetti House of Life xc Wait the turning of the phials of wrath For certain years.

a1972 C. Day Lewis Compl. Poems (1992) 584 Turning keys upon the dials Shall unloose the furious phials; Then the trumpeting blasts be heard.

Compounds

† phial-book n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1851 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 688/2 ‘Coming;—tears—caustic,’ repeated the homœopathist, pulling out his handkerchief and his phial-book together.

1851 Internat. Mag. July 547/1 He suddenly started up, and again extracted his phial-book.

phial glass n.

ΚΠ

1590 Edinb. Test. XXI. f. 311^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) lxxv Danskene phyoll glas at xl the hundreth.

1762 D. Garrick Cymbeline iii. vii. 49 Here is a Phial Glass What's in't is precious.

1821 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 111 64 5 grains were passed over peroxide of copper in a tube made of green phial glass.

1924 J. F. Kelly Early Domest. Architect. Connecticut ix. 97 ‘Phial glass’ was of poor quality, greenish in color and streaked with air bubbles.

2005 Jrnl. Glass Stud. 47 143/2 Cist's formulas for making crown glass,..English phial glass, green phial glass, and black bottle glass.

Derivatives

† phialed adj. Obsolete rare contained in a phial.

ΚΠ

a1763 W. Shenstone Love & Honour 164 Full on my fenceless head its phial'd wrath May Fate exhaust.

ˈphial-ful n. as much as fills a phial.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > amount defined by capacity > [noun] > amount that fills a receptacle > vial

phial-ful1770

vialful1886

1770 Philos. Trans. 1769 (Royal Soc.) 59 219 The liquor being shaken, and another phial-full taken up soon after.

1852–3 J. D. B. De Bow Industr. Resources Southern & Western States 242/2 A wine-glass or small phial full being collected, is held between the flame of a candle and the eye.

1996 Financial Times (Nexis) 17 Feb. p. ii Feeling a little quiver in the stomach I quickly gulped a phial full.

ˈphial-like adj. rare

ΚΠ

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxix. 81 Eggs..of a long phial-like form.

1995 Evening Standard (Nexis) 15 Aug. 21 What Madeira producers should do..is put vintage Madeira into elegant, phial-like quarter-bottles, so that the acquisition of these elixirs is within the reach of all.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	phial
释义	phialn. Brit. /ˈfʌɪəl/, U.S. /ˈfaɪ(ə)l/ Forms: α. Middle English fialle, Middle English fiol, Middle English fyale, Middle English fyall, Middle English fyole, Middle English fyoll, Middle English 1600s fiole, Middle English–1500s fyol; N.E.D. also records forms Middle English fyolle. β. Middle English 1600s phiole, Middle English– phial, 1500s phyall, 1500s–1600s phiall, 1600s–1700s phiol, 1600s–1700s phyal; Scottish pre-1700 phiale, pre-1700 phiol, pre-1700 phiole, pre-1700 phioll, pre-1700 phyoll, pre-1700 1700s– phial; N.E.D. also records forms Middle English phyall, Middle English phyalle. See also vial n. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French fiole; Latin phiala. Etymology: Partly < Middle French fiole, fyole, fiolle, phiole (beginning of the 13th cent. in Old French; French fiole ) < post-classical Latin phiola (frequently from c1200 in British sources; 6th cent. as fiola ), variant of classical Latin phiala (see below); and partly < classical Latin phiala a broad shallow dish, in post-classical Latin also in sense ‘phial’ (frequently from late 11th cent. in British sources) < ancient Greek ϕιάλη phiale n. Compare Old Occitan fiola (1372; Occitan fiòla), Catalan fiola (14th cent.), Italian fiala (1321). 1. A vessel for holding liquids; (formerly generally) any of various types of containers for liquids, esp. drinks; (later) spec. a small, slim, sealable glass bottle for holding liquid medicine, drugs, chemicals, etc.Bologna, Leyden phial: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > drinking vessel > [noun] chalicec825 napeOE copc950 fullOE cupc1000 canOE shalec1075 scalec1230 maselin?a1300 mazer1311 richardine1352 dish1381 fiole1382 pece1383 phialc1384 gobletc1400 bowl-cup1420 chalice-cup1420 crusec1420 mazer-cup1434 goddard1439 stoup1452 bicker1459 cowl1476 tankard1485 stop1489 hanapa1513 skull1513 Maudlin cup1544 Magdalene cup?a1549 mazer bowl1562 skew1567 shell1577 godet1580 mazard1584 bousing-can1590 cushion1594 glove1609 rumkin1636 Maudlin pot1638 Pimlico1654 mazer dish1656 mug1664 tumbler1664 souce1688 streaker1694 ox-eye1703 false-cup1708 tankard-cup1745 poculum1846 phiale1867 tumbler-cup1900 stem-cup1915 sippy cup1986 society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > flask, flagon, or bottle > [noun] > phial or ampoule cruetc1384 phialc1384 vialc1386 oil glass1580 thumb-bottle1727 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) Apoc. v. 8 Golden fioles [a1425 L.V. violis] ful of saueringis, whiche ben the preyers of seyntis. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1476 (MED) Þe gobelotes of golde graven aboute, And fyoles fretted wyth flores and fleez of golde. a1425 (a1382) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Num. vii. 79 A silueren fyol [a1425 L.V. viol] hauynge seuenti sicles at the weiȝt of the seyntuarie. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xiii. 47 The fyole fulle of the holi libacion. 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 64 Lyquors destilled shoulde be kepte in glasen phialles with narow mouthes. 1610 Bible (Douay) II. Amos vi. 6 You..that drinke wine in phials [1611 bowls]. 1682 R. Boyle Contin. New Exper. Physico-mech.: 2nd Pt. 12 A Glass Phial filled with Mercury. 1736 S.-Carolina Gaz. 21 Feb. 2/1 Make a Powder, to be kept in a Phial close stopped. 1747 B. Franklin Let. 28 July in Exper. & Observ. Electr. (1751) 7 Set the electrified phial on one, and then touch the wire. 1796 J. G. Stedman Narr. Exped. Surinam II. xxix. 375 I found a crystal phial filled with essential oil of orange. 1824 Lancet 22 Feb. 267/1 The ammonia lost its stimulating properties, in consequence of the phial containing it being badly stopped. 1873 E. E. Hale In his Name iii. 16 What is the elixir in your phial? 1927 A. Conan Doyle Case-bk. Sherlock Holmes 229 There was not much, but there was enough—an empty phial, another nearly full, a hypodermic syringe, several letters in a crabbed, foreign hand. 1959 Princ. Forced Circulation in Hot Water Heating Syst. (Sigmund Pumps Ltd.) (1960) 36 A temperature-sensitive phial is situated outside the house and this is connected to the mixing valve by means of a capillary tube. 1988 P. Sayer Comforts of Madness (1989) vi. 43 Each day he gave me an injection or two of a sickly-smelling substance which came in two brown phials. 2003 Independent 21 Jan. 2/6 The packages, discovered at about 11am at West Bay in Dorset, also contained phials of the drug dimercaprol, which acts as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning. 2. figurative. With allusion to Revelation 5:8, 16:1 (see quot. c1384 at sense 1, and cf. vial n. b). Now rare. ΚΠ c1450 (?c1425) E. Hull tr. Seven Psalms (1995) 74 Eueriche, as þe lettre seythe, had þer harpys and þer phyoles ful of suete sauours, þe whiche be þe oreysons of seyntys. 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. 12 That my Prayers being..presented in the Phial of the Saints may ascend..Where thy glory dwells. 1677 S. Speed Prison-pietie 141 The fierce dreadful fire Of thine Ire, And Phials thou shalt make Us sinners drink. 1750 E. Young Complaint (new ed.) i. 53 The Phial of thy Vengeance, pour'd On this devoted Head. 1773 H. Mackenzie Man of World I. xxx. 338 If thou hast not yet punished me enough, continue to pour out the phials of thy wrath upon me, and enable me to support what thou inflictest! 1818 S. E. Ferrier Marriage III. ii. 20 On the present occasion, her injudicious friend was only brewing phials of wrath for her. 1881 D. G. Rossetti House of Life xc Wait the turning of the phials of wrath For certain years. a1972 C. Day Lewis Compl. Poems (1992) 584 Turning keys upon the dials Shall unloose the furious phials; Then the trumpeting blasts be heard. Compounds † phial-book n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1851 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 688/2 ‘Coming;—tears—caustic,’ repeated the homœopathist, pulling out his handkerchief and his phial-book together. 1851 Internat. Mag. July 547/1 He suddenly started up, and again extracted his phial-book. phial glass n. ΚΠ 1590 Edinb. Test. XXI. f. 311^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) lxxv Danskene phyoll glas at xl the hundreth. 1762 D. Garrick Cymbeline iii. vii. 49 Here is a Phial Glass What's in't is precious. 1821 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 111 64 5 grains were passed over peroxide of copper in a tube made of green phial glass. 1924 J. F. Kelly Early Domest. Architect. Connecticut ix. 97 ‘Phial glass’ was of poor quality, greenish in color and streaked with air bubbles. 2005 Jrnl. Glass Stud. 47 143/2 Cist's formulas for making crown glass,..English phial glass, green phial glass, and black bottle glass. Derivatives † phialed adj. Obsolete rare contained in a phial. ΚΠ a1763 W. Shenstone Love & Honour 164 Full on my fenceless head its phial'd wrath May Fate exhaust. ˈphial-ful n. as much as fills a phial. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > amount defined by capacity > [noun] > amount that fills a receptacle > vial phial-ful1770 vialful1886 1770 Philos. Trans. 1769 (Royal Soc.) 59 219 The liquor being shaken, and another phial-full taken up soon after. 1852–3 J. D. B. De Bow Industr. Resources Southern & Western States 242/2 A wine-glass or small phial full being collected, is held between the flame of a candle and the eye. 1996 Financial Times (Nexis) 17 Feb. p. ii Feeling a little quiver in the stomach I quickly gulped a phial full. ˈphial-like adj. rare ΚΠ 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxix. 81 Eggs..of a long phial-like form. 1995 Evening Standard (Nexis) 15 Aug. 21 What Madeira producers should do..is put vintage Madeira into elegant, phial-like quarter-bottles, so that the acquisition of these elixirs is within the reach of all. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1384
随便看	uniaxially uniaxifer unibasal uniber unible unibodies unibody unibracteate unibracteolate unibrow unica unical unically unicameral unicameralism unicameralisms unicameralist unicameralists unicamerally unicamerist universal recipient universal serial bus universal set universal succession universal successor