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单词 philadelphia
释义

Philadelphian.

Brit. /ˌfɪləˈdɛlfɪə/, U.S. /ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə/
Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Philadelphia.
Etymology: < Philadelphia, the name of a city in Pennsylvania. On the origin of sense 2 see quot. 19611 at sense 2.The compound Philadelphia lawyer is often said to have alluded originally to Andrew Hamilton of Philadelphia, who successfully defended John Zenger (1735), an American journalist and publisher, from libel charges; however, it is uncertain what early documentary evidence there is to support this assertion.
1. Chiefly U.S. Philadelphia lawyer n. a very able and intelligent lawyer, esp. one expert in the exploitation of legal technicalities; a shrewd or unscrupulous lawyer.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > inferior, rascally, or shrewd
fogger1564
pettifogger1564
long fifteen1611
leguleian1617
peatc1680
pettifog1721
Philadelphia lawyer1788
legal beagle1822
lawyerling1830
shyster1844
legal eagle1869
1788 Columbian Mag. Apr. 182 They have a proverb here [i.e. in London], which I do not know how to account for;—in speaking of a difficult point, they say, it would puzzle a Philadelphia lawyer.
1803 Balance (Hudson, N.Y.) 15 Nov. 363/1 It would (to use a Yankee phrase) puzzle a dozen Philadelphia lawyers to unriddle the conduct of the democrats.
1834 W. G. Simms Guy Rivers II. i. 23 You would have made a prime counsellor..worthy of the Philadelphia lawyers.
1872 C. W. Stearns Black Man of South 389 It would have required the genius of a ‘Philadelphia lawyer’, to have made a plain story out the complicated snarl of their family arrangements.
1909 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Avonlea xxvi. 306 I won't undertake to answer Davy's questions... I'm not an encyclopedia, neither am I a Philadelphia lawyer.
1947 Daily Times (Chicago) 28 Nov. 14/3 The new violation ticket will be in quadruplicate, and traffic officials say it takes a ‘Philadelphia lawyer’ to fix it.
1994 D. Goold How to get what you want from your Bank ii. 60 Be a Philadelphia lawyer. Read the fine print of whatever loan document is shoved under your nose, and ask for a full explanation of any points you don't understand.
2. Medicine Philadelphia chromosome n. an abnormal small chromosome resulting from a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, found in peripheral blood or bone marrow cells of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia and other myeloproliferative disorders.
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the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > chromosome > types of chromosome
chromoplastid1885
accessory chromosome1899
chromoplast1902
X1902
heterochromosome1904
idiochromosome1905
macrochromosome1905
allosome1906
autosome1906
monosome1906
sex chromosome1906
supernumerary1907
X chromosome1911
Y chromosome1911
univalent1912
euchromosome1914
W1917
monosome1921
tetrasome1921
trisome1921
heterosome1938
isochromosome1939
trisomic1939
metacentric1945
acrocentric1949
polycentric1953
Philadelphia chromosome1961
monocentric1979
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > presence of abnormalities > abnormal substances
feverish mattera1398
haemophaein1845
carboxyhaemoglobin1891
sulphaemoglobin1896
reagin1911
paraprotein1949
rheumatoid factor1949
sickle cell haemoglobin1950
Philadelphia chromosome1961
1961 I. S. Tough et al. in Lancet 25 Feb. 411/2 In this paper the abnormal chromosome, for the sake of brevity, is referred to by the symbol Ph1. This is chosen as it indicates the geographical location, Philadelphia in the United States, of the laboratories in which the chromosome was first noted, and thus it accords with the recommendations on the nomenclature of abnormal chromosomes of the Denver conference.]
1961 Lancet 25 Feb. 433/1 (heading) The Philadelphia chromosome.
1963 J. B. Walter & M. S. Israel Gen. Pathol. iii. 45 Some of the leucocytes show replacement of one of their small autosomes by a minute chromosome (the ‘Philadelphia chromosome’). This is generally assumed to be 21.
1977 R. B. Thompson Disorders of Blood xxxv. 566/1 The Philadelphia chromosome usually arises by a translocation from G22 to C9.
1984 J. R. Tighe & D. R. Davies Pathol. (ed. 4) viii. 62 The Philadelphia chromosome, is a constant abnormality in chronic myeloid leukaemia.
1993 New Scientist 22 May 37/2 Recently, biologists..discovered a role for imprinting in chronic myeloid leukaemia, a form of the disease where the leukaemic cells contain an unusual hybrid chromosome. This so-called Philadelphia chromosome consists of virtually the whole of chromosome 22 fused to a small section of chromosome 9.
2000 New Scientist 4 Nov. 50/1 It wasn't until the late 1990s that geneticists realised that Philadelphia chromosomes make cells cancerous because the mutation creates a new, active gene.
3. Originally and chiefly U.S. Philadelphia cheesesteak n. (also more fully Philadelphia cheesesteak sandwich) a sandwich, thought to have originated in Philadelphia, typically made with slices of fried beef, onions, and cheese, and served in a hard roll.
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the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > bread with spread or filling > [noun] > sandwich > other sandwiches
cheese sandwich1828
bacon sandwich1858
cucumber sandwich1896
club sandwich1903
western sandwich1908
Reuben sandwich1927
poor boy1931
po' boy1932
hero1938
hero sandwich1939
foot-long1941
steak sandwich1941
sub1948
sub sandwich1948
submarine1949
BLT1952
panini1955
tuna sandwich1957
hoagie1967
muffuletta1967
gyro1971
PBJ1971
stotty1971
Philadelphia cheesesteak1977
Philly cheesesteak1982
banh mi1985
1977 Valley News (Van Nuys, Calif.) 18 Mar. 20/2 (advt.) Philadelphia cheesesteak sandwich. Tender slices of spencer steak smothered with onions, topped with melted cheese &..bell peppers. Served on a giant french roll.
1986 Washington Post 27 July (Mag. section) 23/1 Don't they know a Philadelphia Cheese Steak is drenched in Cheez Whiz?
1996 D. McCumber Playing Off the Rail viii. 198 I talked Tony into coming off his diet and having one of their incredible Philadelphia cheese steak sandwiches.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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