petrificationn.

Brit.

/ˌpɛtrᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌpɛtrəfəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pétrification.

Etymology: < French pétrification process of becoming hard (1515 in Middle French in a medical context), conversion into stone (1580), fossil (1638) < Middle French petrifiquer to turn (a thing) into stone (1515 in the same source; < post-classical Latin petrificare petrify v.) + -ation -ation suffix. Compare post-classical Latin petrificatio (from c1200 in British sources), Italian petrificazione , (now usually) pietrificazione (1604 in Florio as †petrificatione in sense ‘fact or process of becoming hard’, but the specific chemical sense is apparently not attested in Italian before the early 19th cent.; 1685 in sense ‘fossil’). Compare earlier petrifaction n.

a. Conversion into stone or a stony substance; = petrifaction n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > formation of rock or stone > [noun]

petrifaction?a1425

petrification1611

lapidification1626

lapidescence1649

petrescency1662

petrifying1712

petrescence?1797

lithification1872

petrogenesis1886

lithogeny1888

lithifaction1893

lithogenesis1909

petrogeny1937

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Petrification, a petrification; a making stonie, a turning into stone.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. v. 91 We have..visible petrification of wood in many waters.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Petrifaction, is properly the changing of a mix'd Body into a Stony Substance, when it had no such Nature before; and the Action by which this is performed, is called, Petrification.

1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 132 It is the Lime alone, that creates the Petrification.

1844 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 6 444/1 The act of petrification being the act of silicification and consequent change of the organic body.

1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. v. 611 The only true petrification..consists in the abstraction of the organic substances, molecule by molecule, and in their replacement by precipitated mineral matter.

1979 D. Attenborough Life on Earth (1981) 112 The dead bodies of lagoon fish had occasionally acted as a focus for the processes of petrification.

1991 New Scientist 21 Dec. 42/2 Although the mineral builds up in layers over the objects, retaining their shape, to produce a passable imitation, this process is not true petrification.

b. figurative. The action or process of hardening or immobilizing (a person or thing); a hardened or immobile condition, esp. a state of temporary paralysis brought on by extreme fear; = petrifaction n. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [noun] > callousness or hard-heartedness

induration1493

indurateness1537

induritness1558

hardenedness1571

stoniness1571

hard-heartedness1577

apathy1603

indolence1603

dedolence1606

flintiness1607

dedolencya1617

searedness1620

callosity1628

indolencya1631

brawnedness1631

calluma1640

atrocity1641

dead-heartedness1642

brawninessa1645

callousness1653

stony-heartedness1673

petrification1678

unsolicitousnessa1683

callus1683

heartlessness1701

petrifaction1722

unreckingness1873

Gradgrindery1920

the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > [noun] > condition of being petrified

petrification1678

petrifaction1722

1678 R. Cudworth tr. Epictetus in True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 193 Mortification or Petrification of the Soul.

1681 H. Hallywell Melampronoea Introd. sig. B This state and condition he terms..a Petrification or Mortification of the Mind.

1712 J. Weaver Hist. Dancing 127 Her Petrification with Grief.

1891 Daily News 28 Apr. 6/2 The misfortune was that the contagion of petrification had spread to the free churches.

a1939 Z. Grey Black Mesa (1955) x. 183 His low bellow of deadly rage and his heavy footfalls served to spur Paul out of his petrification.

1990 Independent 19 May (Mag.) 60/3 He taught me to take risks, to resist petrification, to try to chart in each successive book new territory.

2. Something formed by being petrified; = petrifaction n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > concretion or petrifaction > [noun]

congelation1605

concretion1646

lapidescency1646

petrifaction1667

petrification1677

mineralization1799

permineralization1893

1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire ii. 33 Incrustations, are petrifications made by such waters as let fall their stony particles.

1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. III. 579 Great numbers of petrifications, more particularly of marine shells and plants, are found among them.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 61 Flints never having been found to contain petrifications, or the marks of any organized body.

1818 C. Lyell Jrnl. 1 July in Life, Lett. & Jrnls. (1881) I. iii. 66 By the roadside I picked up many beautiful petrifications.

1852 H. Stansbury Explor. & Surv. Valley Great Salt Lake (U.S. Army: Corps Topogr. Engineers) ix. 239 I found, scattered over the surface, a large number of..petrifications.

1990 Independent (Nexis) 24 Jan. Precious few of the caves' former splendid petrifications remain.

2002 Times (Nexis) 5 Apr. Byres was fascinated by ‘petrifications’ (fossils) and volcanoes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	petrification
释义	petrificationn. Brit. /ˌpɛtrᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌpɛtrəfəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pétrification. Etymology: < French pétrification process of becoming hard (1515 in Middle French in a medical context), conversion into stone (1580), fossil (1638) < Middle French petrifiquer to turn (a thing) into stone (1515 in the same source; < post-classical Latin petrificare petrify v.) + -ation -ation suffix. Compare post-classical Latin petrificatio (from c1200 in British sources), Italian petrificazione , (now usually) pietrificazione (1604 in Florio as †petrificatione in sense ‘fact or process of becoming hard’, but the specific chemical sense is apparently not attested in Italian before the early 19th cent.; 1685 in sense ‘fossil’). Compare earlier petrifaction n. 1. a. Conversion into stone or a stony substance; = petrifaction n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > formation of rock or stone > [noun] petrifaction?a1425 petrification1611 lapidification1626 lapidescence1649 petrescency1662 petrifying1712 petrescence?1797 lithification1872 petrogenesis1886 lithogeny1888 lithifaction1893 lithogenesis1909 petrogeny1937 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Petrification, a petrification; a making stonie, a turning into stone. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. v. 91 We have..visible petrification of wood in many waters. View more context for this quotation 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Petrifaction, is properly the changing of a mix'd Body into a Stony Substance, when it had no such Nature before; and the Action by which this is performed, is called, Petrification. 1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 132 It is the Lime alone, that creates the Petrification. 1844 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 6 444/1 The act of petrification being the act of silicification and consequent change of the organic body. 1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. v. 611 The only true petrification..consists in the abstraction of the organic substances, molecule by molecule, and in their replacement by precipitated mineral matter. 1979 D. Attenborough Life on Earth (1981) 112 The dead bodies of lagoon fish had occasionally acted as a focus for the processes of petrification. 1991 New Scientist 21 Dec. 42/2 Although the mineral builds up in layers over the objects, retaining their shape, to produce a passable imitation, this process is not true petrification. b. figurative. The action or process of hardening or immobilizing (a person or thing); a hardened or immobile condition, esp. a state of temporary paralysis brought on by extreme fear; = petrifaction n. 1b. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [noun] > callousness or hard-heartedness induration1493 indurateness1537 induritness1558 hardenedness1571 stoniness1571 hard-heartedness1577 apathy1603 indolence1603 dedolence1606 flintiness1607 dedolencya1617 searedness1620 callosity1628 indolencya1631 brawnedness1631 calluma1640 atrocity1641 dead-heartedness1642 brawninessa1645 callousness1653 stony-heartedness1673 petrification1678 unsolicitousnessa1683 callus1683 heartlessness1701 petrifaction1722 unreckingness1873 Gradgrindery1920 the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > [noun] > condition of being petrified petrification1678 petrifaction1722 1678 R. Cudworth tr. Epictetus in True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 193 Mortification or Petrification of the Soul. 1681 H. Hallywell Melampronoea Introd. sig. B This state and condition he terms..a Petrification or Mortification of the Mind. 1712 J. Weaver Hist. Dancing 127 Her Petrification with Grief. 1891 Daily News 28 Apr. 6/2 The misfortune was that the contagion of petrification had spread to the free churches. a1939 Z. Grey Black Mesa (1955) x. 183 His low bellow of deadly rage and his heavy footfalls served to spur Paul out of his petrification. 1990 Independent 19 May (Mag.) 60/3 He taught me to take risks, to resist petrification, to try to chart in each successive book new territory. 2. Something formed by being petrified; = petrifaction n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > concretion or petrifaction > [noun] congelation1605 concretion1646 lapidescency1646 petrifaction1667 petrification1677 mineralization1799 permineralization1893 1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire ii. 33 Incrustations, are petrifications made by such waters as let fall their stony particles. 1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. III. 579 Great numbers of petrifications, more particularly of marine shells and plants, are found among them. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 61 Flints never having been found to contain petrifications, or the marks of any organized body. 1818 C. Lyell Jrnl. 1 July in Life, Lett. & Jrnls. (1881) I. iii. 66 By the roadside I picked up many beautiful petrifications. 1852 H. Stansbury Explor. & Surv. Valley Great Salt Lake (U.S. Army: Corps Topogr. Engineers) ix. 239 I found, scattered over the surface, a large number of..petrifications. 1990 Independent (Nexis) 24 Jan. Precious few of the caves' former splendid petrifications remain. 2002 Times (Nexis) 5 Apr. Byres was fascinated by ‘petrifications’ (fossils) and volcanoes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1611
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