petroleumn.

Brit.

/pᵻˈtrəʊlɪəm/, U.S.

/pəˈtroʊliəm/

Forms: Old English petraoleum, late Middle English petroleon, late Middle English– petroleum, 1500s–1700s petrolium, 1600s petrollium.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin petroleum.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin petroleum mineral oil (from late 12th cent. in British sources, from 13th cent. in continental sources, but perhaps earlier: see note) < classical Latin petra rock (see petro- comb. form¹) + oleum oil (see oleum n.). Compare Anglo-Norman petroleon (c1240), Middle French petroleon, petroleum (15th cent., rare), French †petroleum (1695), Spanish petroleo (1295 as petrolio in olio petrolio), Italian petrolio (13th cent. as petroleo in oio petroleo).The word was evidently reborrowed in the 15th cent.; there is unlikely to be continuity of use with the Old English. The Old English evidence (from a source c950) suggests that the word was current in post-classical Latin, perhaps as petraoleum, earlier than the 12th cent.

A viscous liquid, consisting chiefly of a mixture of hydrocarbons and varying in colour from black or dark brown to light yellow, that is formed by the decomposition of organic matter buried in sediments, is present in some rock formations (sometimes seeping out on to the ground), and is extracted and refined to produce fuels (esp. petrol, paraffin, and diesel) and other substances; mineral oil. Cf. crude oil at crude adj. 1b, oil n.¹ 1a, naphtha n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral oil > [noun]

petroleum1526

oil of petre1528

petrol1540

oil of saltpetre1685

earth-oil1732

white oil1763

mineral oil1771

coal oil1784

petroleum oil1799

crude oil1865

petroleum spirit1868

petroleum coke1881

crude1904

black gold1910

marker crude1974

benchmark crude1975

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > oil > petroleum

petroleum1526

oil of petre1528

petrol1540

green oil1607

oil of saltpetre1685

mineral oil1771

coal oil1883

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > distilled or refined mineral oils > paraffin oils

petroleum1526

petroline1831

blue oil1835

paraffin1851

kerosene1854

photogen1856

eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. 174 (table of contents) Balzaman smiring wiþ eallum untrumnessum & petraoleum to drincanne anfeald wiþ innan tydernesse & utan to smerwanne.

eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. lxiv. 288 Eal swa same se petra oleum he is god &feald to drincanne wið innan tiedernesse & utan to smerwanne on wintres dæge for þon þe he hæfð swiðe micle hæte.

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 149^v Maister Jordane made inieccionz & siryngacionz within þe vesic with balsamo, Thederic wiþ petroleon [?c1425 Paris oleum benedictum; L. petroleo], Auicen wiþ oleo scorpionum.

?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 197 (MED) Petroleum is maad of soufry erþe.

1526 Grete Herball xxvi. sig. Bv/2 Make a decoccyon in oyle petrolium.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. cvii. 296 The garden Angelica..smelleth almost like to Petroleum.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxi. vii. 415 In Babylon..is a certain liquid Bitumen or Petroleum, an oleous substance [L. bitumen liquidum oleo simile].

1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis iii. §iii. 344 Amongst the many Opinions of the Original of Amber, I put this question, Whether it is not a kind of harden'd Petroleum?

1761 W. Lewis Mat. Med. (ed. 2) 445 Fine petroleum catches fire on the approach of a flaming body.

1783 W. Withering tr. T. Bergman Outl. Mineral. 46 In an open fire, the colour presently vanishes, from the petroleum drying up.

1826 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 10 5 The other [well] discharges..vast quantities of petroleum, or, as it is vulgarly called, ‘Seneca oil’.

1861 Times 21 Jan. 7/6 In November 1859 in the State of Pennsylvania wells were sunk for the purpose of pumping petroleum or rock oil.

1938 A. W. Nash in A. E. Dunstan et al. Sci. of Petroleum I. i. 12/1 Petroleum may contain, or be composed of,..compounds in the gaseous, liquid, and/or solid state, depending on the nature of these compounds and the existent conditions of temperature and pressure.

1967 J. R. Hughes Storage & Handling Petroleum Liquids 3 Petroleum, by legal definition (Petroleum (Consolidation) Act, 1928) ‘includes crude petroleum, oil made from petroleum, or from coal, shale, peat or other bituminous substances, and other products of petroleum’... The term may also include natural gas found in petroleum-bearing formations.

1991 New Yorker 6 May 104/1 [Daniel] Yergin points out..that ours has become the ‘hydrocarbon age’: almost every aspect of our material culture depends on petroleum and its derivatives.

2001 CovertAction Q. Winter 38/2 Bolivarian Venezuela is..the most important provider of petroleum for the U.S. in the Continent.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive and objective.

petroleum-bearing adj.

ΚΠ

1869 De Bow's Rev. Sept. 767 The blue, nodular limestone is manifestly the petroleum bearing formation.

1995 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 450 363 The seismic shock gun has been tested..both onshore and at sea in petroleum-bearing areas.

petroleum burner n.

ΚΠ

1865 Sci. Amer. 7 Oct. 233/1 Petroleum Burner for Cooking.

1923 Times 7 July 15/3 By the adoption of a new type of petroleum burner and mantle, it has been found possible to double the intensity of all lights under the jurisdiction of Trinity House.

2003 Asia Pulse (Nexis) 15 Jan. Camping equipment such as petroleum burner and lamps are only allowed without fuel.

petroleum car n.

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1673/2 Petroleum-car, one for transporting petroleum in bulk.

1963 Gettysburg (Pa.) Times 20 Apr. 3/4 Flames from the second petroleum car roared just before the explosion.

1999 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch (Nexis) 11 Aug. 7 g The spectacular crash and explosion of a train loaded with munitions and petroleum cars.

petroleum drinking n.

ΚΠ

1900 Westm. Gaz. 28 Feb. 9/2 Petroleum drinking is on the increase in France.

petroleum industry n.

ΚΠ

1888 Scribner's Mag. May 576/1 They [sc. explosives] are used in the petroleum industry to ‘shoot’ the wells, so as to remove the paraffine which prevents the flow of oil.

1948 Life 6 Sept. 37/1 (advt.) Paraffin wax—a very useful by-product of the petroleum industry.

1992 Economist 29 Feb. 46/2 Mexico has opened parts of its petroleum industry—the number of basic petrochemicals forbidden to foreign ownership has been reduced.

petroleum inspector n.

ΚΠ

1891 Times 21 May 12/5 Professor Redwood, petroleum inspector under the Corporation of London.

1996 Financial Times (Nexis) 23 July 3 A UK-based petroleum inspector..says that the inspection scheme is necessary to prevent exporters from under-declaring their cargoes.

petroleum lamp n.

ΚΠ

1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts, Manuf. & Mines 257 A very fine black pigment may be prepared from the soot of petroleum lamps.

1928 D. H. Lawrence Lady Chatterley's Lover x. 141 The fire was bright, the hearth white, the pretroleum [sic] lamp hung bright over the table.

2001 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 31 Oct. 1 One had a..carpet rolled up and strapped to his back, another carried a small petroleum lamp.

petroleum motor n.

ΚΠ

1874 W. E. Abland Let. 20 Mar. in Jrnl. Franklin Inst. Aug. 87 I beg leave to inform you of a novelty in Mechanical Engineering, a description of which you will find in the annexed paper... A new machine in addition to various engines of more recent notoriety..to which the name Petroleum Motor has been given.

1874 W. E. Abland Let. 20 Mar. in Jrnl. Franklin Inst. Aug. 88 The principle of the Petroleum Motor is similar to that of the ordinary single acting horizontal steam engine, except that while the expansion of steam is employed in the latter, a quantity of petroleum converted into vapor is applied in the former to move the piston.

1903 Daily Chron. 11 Dec. 6/6 The petroleum motors..show that a very distinct advance has been made during the twelve months.

2003 Africa News (Nexis) 20 Apr. About 150 trucks which amount to about five million litres of petroleum motor spirit..have still not been accounted for.

petroleum spring n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > mineral sources > [noun] > oil-spring

oil spring1762

seep1824

petroleum spring1847

1847 J. H. Mather Geogr. State N.Y. 379 Petroleum springs rise a few miles southeast of Cayuga creek.

1923 J. M. A. Roscoe Bakitara or Banyoro iii. 32 This spring has been found to be a petroleum spring and has been taken away from the Banyoro by the British Government.

1991 Name of Eternal Flame in sci.archaeology, soc.history (Usenet newsgroup) 30 July It was in a cave or room where a natural petroleum spring came up from the ground, and had an asbestos wick.

petroleum stove n.

ΚΠ

1864 Sci. Amer. 27 Feb. 138/3 I claim, as a new article of manufacture, the petroleum stove constructed as above described.

1903 S. Rideal Disinfection & Preservation Food 89 The room should then be closed, a small safe petroleum stove being first placed in the middle.

2002 Denver Post (Nexis) 18 July d3 Camping will be allowed in other parts of the forest, with the provision that only petroleum stoves may be used.

b. Instrumental.

petroleum-driven adj.

ΚΠ

1896 Westm. Gaz. 16 Nov. 9/1 In the petroleum-driven cars there is an odour, which would be more acceptable if it were perfumed.

1968 Hist. Jrnl. 11 538 The invention of the petroleum-driven internal combustion engine changed all that.

2003 Bristol Evening News 2 Apr. 11 A majority of motorists see their beloved cars as an extension of their petroleum-driven egos.

C2.

† petroleum champagne n. Obsolete a kind of imitation champagne.

ΚΠ

1869 N. Bartlett Stories of Crescent City 95 My head swimming from the effects of the dancing and of petroleum champagne.

1887 Times 2 Feb. 7/3 Gone like the froth on licensed victuallers' beer or the foam on petroleum champagne.

petroleum coke n. the solid, non-volatile carbon residue left after the distillation and cracking of petroleum.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral oil > [noun]

petroleum1526

oil of petre1528

petrol1540

oil of saltpetre1685

earth-oil1732

white oil1763

mineral oil1771

coal oil1784

petroleum oil1799

crude oil1865

petroleum spirit1868

petroleum coke1881

crude1904

black gold1910

marker crude1974

benchmark crude1975

1881 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 40 239 (heading) Products from petroleum coke.

1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) xxvi. 661 For the preparation of graphite articles, such as electrodes and commutator-brushes, finely-powdered petroleum coke is used.

1991 Power Sept. 11/2 Each boiler..will burn byproduct petroleum coke as fuel.

petroleum ether n. a volatile liquid distilled from petroleum, consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons (chiefly pentane and hexane) and used as a solvent.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > distilled or refined mineral oils

oil of amber1559

neftec1575

light oil1761

white oil1763

white spirit1832

eupione1838

gas oil1839

heavy oil1849

petroleum ether1851

asboline1863

hydrocarbon oil1864

solar oil1864

mineral spirits1875

blown oil1887

phenoloid1900

1851 C. R. Fresenius Man. Quantitative Chem. Anal. 406 Brucin and veratrin may be separated from atropin by shaking the alkaline solution with petroleum ether.

1894 Chem. News 30 Mar. 156/2 Isoborneol..crystallises out of petroleum ether in thin, feathery leaflets.

1996 D. W. Brown Aromatherapy (Teach Yourself Ser.) ii. 14 The natural resinous material is extracted with a hydrocarbon solvent such as petroleum ether, hexane or alcohol.

petroleum fly n. a North American shore fly, Psilopa petrolei (family Ephydridae), whose larvae live in natural oil pools, feeding on bacteria and detritus.

ΚΠ

1912 D. L. Crawford in Pomona Coll. Entomol. Jrnl. 4 687 (title) The petroleum fly in California.

1944 R. Matheson Entomol. for Introd. Courses xvii. 422 Another interesting species is Psilopa petrolei, which, in the larval stage, lives in pools of crude petroleum. It is known as the petroleum fly.

1996 G. Waldbauer Insects through Seasons ii. 14 Maggots of the aptly named petroleum fly feed and swim about in pools of crude oil.

petroleum geologist n. an expert in petroleum geology.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > mineralogy > [noun] > branches > practitioner

petroleum geologist1912

mineragrapher1964

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > worker in oil industry > [noun] > one who studies

reservoir engineer1904

petroleum geologist1912

1912 Times 12 June 22/5 No. 4 Well, which was started by this company with the advice of..our consulting petroleum geologist, has been drilled to a depth of 576 metres.

1928 E. R. Lilley Geol. Petroleum & Nat. Gas i. 8 The main work of the petroleum geologist until recently was that of locating areas in which anticlinal folds showed in the outcropping strata.

1984 A. C. Duxbury & A. Duxbury Introd. World's Oceans iii. 106 Plate tectonics is also studied with interest by petroleum geologists.

petroleum geology n. the branch of geology concerned with the formation, occurrence, and exploitation of oil and natural gas.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > drilling for oil or gas > [noun] > study of

reservoir engineering1868

petroleum geology1917

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > mineralogy > [noun] > branches

metallostatics1665

mining geology1871

metallogeny1905

mineralography1916

mineragraphy1917

minerogenesis1917

petroleum geology1917

metallogenesis1923

1917 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 28 157 Petroleum geology is..a new profession.

1973 R. E. Chapman Petroleum Geol. ii. 22 A study of petroleum geology suggests that the construction of boreholes in the 20th century has not contributed sufficiently to modern geological thought.

1991 Ann. Rep. Brit. Geol. Surv. 1990–91 (BNC) 26 Palaeontological work has largely been concerned with Mesozoic and Tertiary studies in support of the petroleum geology programme for the Department of Energy.

petroleum jelly n. a soft, greasy, translucent, semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons, obtained from petroleum and used as an ointment and lubricant; cf. petrolatum n., Vaseline n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > greasy or fatty material > [noun] > mineral-derived

belmontine1857

Vaseline1874

petrolatum1881

petroleum jelly1883

1883 Manufacturer & Builder Nov. 250/1 After cooling, the article is again rubbed over with petroleum jelly.

1906 T. E. Herbert Telegraphy xxii. 782 As the cable passes into the pipe it is heavily anointed with petroleum jelly.

1988 M. Chabon Myst. Pittsburgh xxi. 215 I..scooped out a dollop of cold petroleum jelly.

petroleum oil n. petroleum; an oil obtained by refining petroleum; spec. a petroleum fraction consisting of a mixture of the heavier hydrocarbons and having a high flashpoint.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > petroleum varieties

petroleum oil1799

petroleum spirit1868

middle distillate1951

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral oil > [noun]

petroleum1526

oil of petre1528

petrol1540

oil of saltpetre1685

earth-oil1732

white oil1763

mineral oil1771

coal oil1784

petroleum oil1799

crude oil1865

petroleum spirit1868

petroleum coke1881

crude1904

black gold1910

marker crude1974

benchmark crude1975

1564 in E. Roberts & K. Parker Southampton Probate Inventories, 1447–1575 (1992) I. 221 A blader with oleum petroleum, ij d.]

1799 tr. Laboratory (ed. 6) I. i. 41 Mealed powder..mixed with rock-oil, or petroleum oil.

1874 J. H. Collins Princ. Metal Mining (1875) xviii. 121 Within the last few years, lamps for burning paraffin and petroleum oils underground have been devised.

1898 Daily News 14 July 6/6 To adopt a flash point of 100 degrees (Abel close test) as the dividing line between petroleum oil and petroleum spirit.

1947 Nature 4 Jan. 32/1 The use of a highly refined petroleum oil for application to orchard trees as an insecticide and acaricide is firmly established as a valuable pest-control treatment with citrus.

1991 High Volume Printing Feb. 30/2 Black soy-based news inks are about 25 percent higher than petroleum-based inks in general because of the price difference between soy oil and petroleum oil.

petroleum spirit n. a petroleum fraction consisting of a mixture of the lighter hydrocarbons and having a low flashpoint; petrol.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > petroleum varieties

petroleum oil1799

petroleum spirit1868

middle distillate1951

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral oil > [noun]

petroleum1526

oil of petre1528

petrol1540

oil of saltpetre1685

earth-oil1732

white oil1763

mineral oil1771

coal oil1784

petroleum oil1799

crude oil1865

petroleum spirit1868

petroleum coke1881

crude1904

black gold1910

marker crude1974

benchmark crude1975

1868 Times 9 Mar. 2/4 (advt.) Petroleum spirit, highly refined, for use in spirit lamps , or as a substitute for turpentine.

1900 Daily News 17 Apr. 7/4 Petroleum spirit still holds the field as a propelling force, both in the cars exhibited here and in those seen in London streets.

1949 Our Industry (Anglo-Iranian Oil Co.) (ed. 2) 334 (Gloss.) Wild gasoline—This indicated a light petroleum spirit containing appreciable quantities of material which are normally gaseous at atmospheric temperatures and pressures.

1986 Stone's Justices' Man. (ed. 118) III. v. 6523 Any vessel used for the purpose of keeping the petroleum spirit, not being the fuel tank of an internal combustion engine, shall bear in conspicuous characters, the words ‘petroleum spirit’ and the words ‘highly inflammable’ indelibly marked on the vessel.

petroleum still n. now rare an apparatus for distilling petroleum into fractions.

ΚΠ

1862 Sci. Amer. 15 Nov. 310/3 (heading) Cements for joints of petroleum stills.

1867 Times 20 July 3/5 Wanted, immediately, wrought-iron petroleum stills, new or second-hand, with condensers, in complete working order.

† petroleum-thrower n. Obsolete an arsonist who uses petrol; a petrol bomber.

ΚΠ

1871 Standard 7 Sept. 4 The five Petroleuses, or petroleum-throwers, tried this week.

1874 Times 27 June 9/6 The women transported number 18. They it is whom the well-thinking newspapers dubbed as ‘petroleum throwers’ without its having been possible..to discover anything which could justify that accusation.

petroleum well n. a well which yields petroleum; an oil well.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > oil rig > [noun] > well

well1652

spouting well1776

petroleum well1801

rock well1830

oil well1859

spouter1865

gusher1876

test well1877

wild cat1877

wildcat well1883

roarera1885

oiler1890

discovery1900

edge well1904

wild well1915

offset well1922

stripper1930

offset1933

production well1934

outstep1947

step-out well1948

1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Misc. Tracts 315 An Account of the Petroleum Wells, in the Burmah Dominions.

1877 J. F. Rusling Great West & Pacific Coast 325 The petroleum wells near there, as yet, had produced but little.

1948 Times 8 Oct. 3/3 Seven persons have died from burns received when a petroleum well..caught fire.

1987 Science 20 Nov. 1107/1 These data are from depths of 1 to 4 km, the depth range of petroleum wells in the region.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	petroleum
释义	petroleumn. Brit. /pᵻˈtrəʊlɪəm/, U.S. /pəˈtroʊliəm/ Forms: Old English petraoleum, late Middle English petroleon, late Middle English– petroleum, 1500s–1700s petrolium, 1600s petrollium. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin petroleum. Etymology: < post-classical Latin petroleum mineral oil (from late 12th cent. in British sources, from 13th cent. in continental sources, but perhaps earlier: see note) < classical Latin petra rock (see petro- comb. form¹) + oleum oil (see oleum n.). Compare Anglo-Norman petroleon (c1240), Middle French petroleon, petroleum (15th cent., rare), French †petroleum (1695), Spanish petroleo (1295 as petrolio in olio petrolio), Italian petrolio (13th cent. as petroleo in oio petroleo).The word was evidently reborrowed in the 15th cent.; there is unlikely to be continuity of use with the Old English. The Old English evidence (from a source c950) suggests that the word was current in post-classical Latin, perhaps as petraoleum, earlier than the 12th cent. A viscous liquid, consisting chiefly of a mixture of hydrocarbons and varying in colour from black or dark brown to light yellow, that is formed by the decomposition of organic matter buried in sediments, is present in some rock formations (sometimes seeping out on to the ground), and is extracted and refined to produce fuels (esp. petrol, paraffin, and diesel) and other substances; mineral oil. Cf. crude oil at crude adj. 1b, oil n.¹ 1a, naphtha n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral oil > [noun] petroleum1526 oil of petre1528 petrol1540 oil of saltpetre1685 earth-oil1732 white oil1763 mineral oil1771 coal oil1784 petroleum oil1799 crude oil1865 petroleum spirit1868 petroleum coke1881 crude1904 black gold1910 marker crude1974 benchmark crude1975 the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > oil > petroleum petroleum1526 oil of petre1528 petrol1540 green oil1607 oil of saltpetre1685 mineral oil1771 coal oil1883 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > distilled or refined mineral oils > paraffin oils petroleum1526 petroline1831 blue oil1835 paraffin1851 kerosene1854 photogen1856 eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. 174 (table of contents) Balzaman smiring wiþ eallum untrumnessum & petraoleum to drincanne anfeald wiþ innan tydernesse & utan to smerwanne. eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. lxiv. 288 Eal swa same se petra oleum he is god &feald to drincanne wið innan tiedernesse & utan to smerwanne on wintres dæge for þon þe he hæfð swiðe micle hæte. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 149^v Maister Jordane made inieccionz & siryngacionz within þe vesic with balsamo, Thederic wiþ petroleon [?c1425 Paris oleum benedictum; L. petroleo], Auicen wiþ oleo scorpionum. ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 197 (MED) Petroleum is maad of soufry erþe. 1526 Grete Herball xxvi. sig. Bv/2 Make a decoccyon in oyle petrolium. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. cvii. 296 The garden Angelica..smelleth almost like to Petroleum. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxi. vii. 415 In Babylon..is a certain liquid Bitumen or Petroleum, an oleous substance [L. bitumen liquidum oleo simile]. 1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis iii. §iii. 344 Amongst the many Opinions of the Original of Amber, I put this question, Whether it is not a kind of harden'd Petroleum? 1761 W. Lewis Mat. Med. (ed. 2) 445 Fine petroleum catches fire on the approach of a flaming body. 1783 W. Withering tr. T. Bergman Outl. Mineral. 46 In an open fire, the colour presently vanishes, from the petroleum drying up. 1826 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 10 5 The other [well] discharges..vast quantities of petroleum, or, as it is vulgarly called, ‘Seneca oil’. 1861 Times 21 Jan. 7/6 In November 1859 in the State of Pennsylvania wells were sunk for the purpose of pumping petroleum or rock oil. 1938 A. W. Nash in A. E. Dunstan et al. Sci. of Petroleum I. i. 12/1 Petroleum may contain, or be composed of,..compounds in the gaseous, liquid, and/or solid state, depending on the nature of these compounds and the existent conditions of temperature and pressure. 1967 J. R. Hughes Storage & Handling Petroleum Liquids 3 Petroleum, by legal definition (Petroleum (Consolidation) Act, 1928) ‘includes crude petroleum, oil made from petroleum, or from coal, shale, peat or other bituminous substances, and other products of petroleum’... The term may also include natural gas found in petroleum-bearing formations. 1991 New Yorker 6 May 104/1 [Daniel] Yergin points out..that ours has become the ‘hydrocarbon age’: almost every aspect of our material culture depends on petroleum and its derivatives. 2001 CovertAction Q. Winter 38/2 Bolivarian Venezuela is..the most important provider of petroleum for the U.S. in the Continent. Compounds C1. a. General attributive and objective. petroleum-bearing adj. ΚΠ 1869 De Bow's Rev. Sept. 767 The blue, nodular limestone is manifestly the petroleum bearing formation. 1995 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 450 363 The seismic shock gun has been tested..both onshore and at sea in petroleum-bearing areas. petroleum burner n. ΚΠ 1865 Sci. Amer. 7 Oct. 233/1 Petroleum Burner for Cooking. 1923 Times 7 July 15/3 By the adoption of a new type of petroleum burner and mantle, it has been found possible to double the intensity of all lights under the jurisdiction of Trinity House. 2003 Asia Pulse (Nexis) 15 Jan. Camping equipment such as petroleum burner and lamps are only allowed without fuel. petroleum car n. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1673/2 Petroleum-car, one for transporting petroleum in bulk. 1963 Gettysburg (Pa.) Times 20 Apr. 3/4 Flames from the second petroleum car roared just before the explosion. 1999 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch (Nexis) 11 Aug. 7 g The spectacular crash and explosion of a train loaded with munitions and petroleum cars. petroleum drinking n. ΚΠ 1900 Westm. Gaz. 28 Feb. 9/2 Petroleum drinking is on the increase in France. petroleum industry n. ΚΠ 1888 Scribner's Mag. May 576/1 They [sc. explosives] are used in the petroleum industry to ‘shoot’ the wells, so as to remove the paraffine which prevents the flow of oil. 1948 Life 6 Sept. 37/1 (advt.) Paraffin wax—a very useful by-product of the petroleum industry. 1992 Economist 29 Feb. 46/2 Mexico has opened parts of its petroleum industry—the number of basic petrochemicals forbidden to foreign ownership has been reduced. petroleum inspector n. ΚΠ 1891 Times 21 May 12/5 Professor Redwood, petroleum inspector under the Corporation of London. 1996 Financial Times (Nexis) 23 July 3 A UK-based petroleum inspector..says that the inspection scheme is necessary to prevent exporters from under-declaring their cargoes. petroleum lamp n. ΚΠ 1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts, Manuf. & Mines 257 A very fine black pigment may be prepared from the soot of petroleum lamps. 1928 D. H. Lawrence Lady Chatterley's Lover x. 141 The fire was bright, the hearth white, the pretroleum [sic] lamp hung bright over the table. 2001 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 31 Oct. 1 One had a..carpet rolled up and strapped to his back, another carried a small petroleum lamp. petroleum motor n. ΚΠ 1874 W. E. Abland Let. 20 Mar. in Jrnl. Franklin Inst. Aug. 87 I beg leave to inform you of a novelty in Mechanical Engineering, a description of which you will find in the annexed paper... A new machine in addition to various engines of more recent notoriety..to which the name Petroleum Motor has been given. 1874 W. E. Abland Let. 20 Mar. in Jrnl. Franklin Inst. Aug. 88 The principle of the Petroleum Motor is similar to that of the ordinary single acting horizontal steam engine, except that while the expansion of steam is employed in the latter, a quantity of petroleum converted into vapor is applied in the former to move the piston. 1903 Daily Chron. 11 Dec. 6/6 The petroleum motors..show that a very distinct advance has been made during the twelve months. 2003 Africa News (Nexis) 20 Apr. About 150 trucks which amount to about five million litres of petroleum motor spirit..have still not been accounted for. petroleum spring n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > mineral sources > [noun] > oil-spring oil spring1762 seep1824 petroleum spring1847 1847 J. H. Mather Geogr. State N.Y. 379 Petroleum springs rise a few miles southeast of Cayuga creek. 1923 J. M. A. Roscoe Bakitara or Banyoro iii. 32 This spring has been found to be a petroleum spring and has been taken away from the Banyoro by the British Government. 1991 Name of Eternal Flame in sci.archaeology, soc.history (Usenet newsgroup) 30 July It was in a cave or room where a natural petroleum spring came up from the ground, and had an asbestos wick. petroleum stove n. ΚΠ 1864 Sci. Amer. 27 Feb. 138/3 I claim, as a new article of manufacture, the petroleum stove constructed as above described. 1903 S. Rideal Disinfection & Preservation Food 89 The room should then be closed, a small safe petroleum stove being first placed in the middle. 2002 Denver Post (Nexis) 18 July d3 Camping will be allowed in other parts of the forest, with the provision that only petroleum stoves may be used. b. Instrumental. petroleum-driven adj. ΚΠ 1896 Westm. Gaz. 16 Nov. 9/1 In the petroleum-driven cars there is an odour, which would be more acceptable if it were perfumed. 1968 Hist. Jrnl. 11 538 The invention of the petroleum-driven internal combustion engine changed all that. 2003 Bristol Evening News 2 Apr. 11 A majority of motorists see their beloved cars as an extension of their petroleum-driven egos. C2. † petroleum champagne n. Obsolete a kind of imitation champagne. ΚΠ 1869 N. Bartlett Stories of Crescent City 95 My head swimming from the effects of the dancing and of petroleum champagne. 1887 Times 2 Feb. 7/3 Gone like the froth on licensed victuallers' beer or the foam on petroleum champagne. petroleum coke n. the solid, non-volatile carbon residue left after the distillation and cracking of petroleum. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral oil > [noun] petroleum1526 oil of petre1528 petrol1540 oil of saltpetre1685 earth-oil1732 white oil1763 mineral oil1771 coal oil1784 petroleum oil1799 crude oil1865 petroleum spirit1868 petroleum coke1881 crude1904 black gold1910 marker crude1974 benchmark crude1975 1881 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 40 239 (heading) Products from petroleum coke. 1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) xxvi. 661 For the preparation of graphite articles, such as electrodes and commutator-brushes, finely-powdered petroleum coke is used. 1991 Power Sept. 11/2 Each boiler..will burn byproduct petroleum coke as fuel. petroleum ether n. a volatile liquid distilled from petroleum, consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons (chiefly pentane and hexane) and used as a solvent. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > distilled or refined mineral oils oil of amber1559 neftec1575 light oil1761 white oil1763 white spirit1832 eupione1838 gas oil1839 heavy oil1849 petroleum ether1851 asboline1863 hydrocarbon oil1864 solar oil1864 mineral spirits1875 blown oil1887 phenoloid1900 1851 C. R. Fresenius Man. Quantitative Chem. Anal. 406 Brucin and veratrin may be separated from atropin by shaking the alkaline solution with petroleum ether. 1894 Chem. News 30 Mar. 156/2 Isoborneol..crystallises out of petroleum ether in thin, feathery leaflets. 1996 D. W. Brown Aromatherapy (Teach Yourself Ser.) ii. 14 The natural resinous material is extracted with a hydrocarbon solvent such as petroleum ether, hexane or alcohol. petroleum fly n. a North American shore fly, Psilopa petrolei (family Ephydridae), whose larvae live in natural oil pools, feeding on bacteria and detritus. ΚΠ 1912 D. L. Crawford in Pomona Coll. Entomol. Jrnl. 4 687 (title) The petroleum fly in California. 1944 R. Matheson Entomol. for Introd. Courses xvii. 422 Another interesting species is Psilopa petrolei, which, in the larval stage, lives in pools of crude petroleum. It is known as the petroleum fly. 1996 G. Waldbauer Insects through Seasons ii. 14 Maggots of the aptly named petroleum fly feed and swim about in pools of crude oil. petroleum geologist n. an expert in petroleum geology. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > mineralogy > [noun] > branches > practitioner petroleum geologist1912 mineragrapher1964 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > worker in oil industry > [noun] > one who studies reservoir engineer1904 petroleum geologist1912 1912 Times 12 June 22/5 No. 4 Well, which was started by this company with the advice of..our consulting petroleum geologist, has been drilled to a depth of 576 metres. 1928 E. R. Lilley Geol. Petroleum & Nat. Gas i. 8 The main work of the petroleum geologist until recently was that of locating areas in which anticlinal folds showed in the outcropping strata. 1984 A. C. Duxbury & A. Duxbury Introd. World's Oceans iii. 106 Plate tectonics is also studied with interest by petroleum geologists. petroleum geology n. the branch of geology concerned with the formation, occurrence, and exploitation of oil and natural gas. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > drilling for oil or gas > [noun] > study of reservoir engineering1868 petroleum geology1917 the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > mineralogy > [noun] > branches metallostatics1665 mining geology1871 metallogeny1905 mineralography1916 mineragraphy1917 minerogenesis1917 petroleum geology1917 metallogenesis1923 1917 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 28 157 Petroleum geology is..a new profession. 1973 R. E. Chapman Petroleum Geol. ii. 22 A study of petroleum geology suggests that the construction of boreholes in the 20th century has not contributed sufficiently to modern geological thought. 1991 Ann. Rep. Brit. Geol. Surv. 1990–91 (BNC) 26 Palaeontological work has largely been concerned with Mesozoic and Tertiary studies in support of the petroleum geology programme for the Department of Energy. petroleum jelly n. a soft, greasy, translucent, semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons, obtained from petroleum and used as an ointment and lubricant; cf. petrolatum n., Vaseline n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > greasy or fatty material > [noun] > mineral-derived belmontine1857 Vaseline1874 petrolatum1881 petroleum jelly1883 1883 Manufacturer & Builder Nov. 250/1 After cooling, the article is again rubbed over with petroleum jelly. 1906 T. E. Herbert Telegraphy xxii. 782 As the cable passes into the pipe it is heavily anointed with petroleum jelly. 1988 M. Chabon Myst. Pittsburgh xxi. 215 I..scooped out a dollop of cold petroleum jelly. petroleum oil n. petroleum; an oil obtained by refining petroleum; spec. a petroleum fraction consisting of a mixture of the heavier hydrocarbons and having a high flashpoint. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > petroleum varieties petroleum oil1799 petroleum spirit1868 middle distillate1951 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral oil > [noun] petroleum1526 oil of petre1528 petrol1540 oil of saltpetre1685 earth-oil1732 white oil1763 mineral oil1771 coal oil1784 petroleum oil1799 crude oil1865 petroleum spirit1868 petroleum coke1881 crude1904 black gold1910 marker crude1974 benchmark crude1975 1564 in E. Roberts & K. Parker Southampton Probate Inventories, 1447–1575 (1992) I. 221 A blader with oleum petroleum, ij d.] 1799 tr. Laboratory (ed. 6) I. i. 41 Mealed powder..mixed with rock-oil, or petroleum oil. 1874 J. H. Collins Princ. Metal Mining (1875) xviii. 121 Within the last few years, lamps for burning paraffin and petroleum oils underground have been devised. 1898 Daily News 14 July 6/6 To adopt a flash point of 100 degrees (Abel close test) as the dividing line between petroleum oil and petroleum spirit. 1947 Nature 4 Jan. 32/1 The use of a highly refined petroleum oil for application to orchard trees as an insecticide and acaricide is firmly established as a valuable pest-control treatment with citrus. 1991 High Volume Printing Feb. 30/2 Black soy-based news inks are about 25 percent higher than petroleum-based inks in general because of the price difference between soy oil and petroleum oil. petroleum spirit n. a petroleum fraction consisting of a mixture of the lighter hydrocarbons and having a low flashpoint; petrol. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > petroleum varieties petroleum oil1799 petroleum spirit1868 middle distillate1951 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral oil > [noun] petroleum1526 oil of petre1528 petrol1540 oil of saltpetre1685 earth-oil1732 white oil1763 mineral oil1771 coal oil1784 petroleum oil1799 crude oil1865 petroleum spirit1868 petroleum coke1881 crude1904 black gold1910 marker crude1974 benchmark crude1975 1868 Times 9 Mar. 2/4 (advt.) Petroleum spirit, highly refined, for use in spirit lamps , or as a substitute for turpentine. 1900 Daily News 17 Apr. 7/4 Petroleum spirit still holds the field as a propelling force, both in the cars exhibited here and in those seen in London streets. 1949 Our Industry (Anglo-Iranian Oil Co.) (ed. 2) 334 (Gloss.) Wild gasoline—This indicated a light petroleum spirit containing appreciable quantities of material which are normally gaseous at atmospheric temperatures and pressures. 1986 Stone's Justices' Man. (ed. 118) III. v. 6523 Any vessel used for the purpose of keeping the petroleum spirit, not being the fuel tank of an internal combustion engine, shall bear in conspicuous characters, the words ‘petroleum spirit’ and the words ‘highly inflammable’ indelibly marked on the vessel. petroleum still n. now rare an apparatus for distilling petroleum into fractions. ΚΠ 1862 Sci. Amer. 15 Nov. 310/3 (heading) Cements for joints of petroleum stills. 1867 Times 20 July 3/5 Wanted, immediately, wrought-iron petroleum stills, new or second-hand, with condensers, in complete working order. † petroleum-thrower n. Obsolete an arsonist who uses petrol; a petrol bomber. ΚΠ 1871 Standard 7 Sept. 4 The five Petroleuses, or petroleum-throwers, tried this week. 1874 Times 27 June 9/6 The women transported number 18. They it is whom the well-thinking newspapers dubbed as ‘petroleum throwers’ without its having been possible..to discover anything which could justify that accusation. petroleum well n. a well which yields petroleum; an oil well. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > oil rig > [noun] > well well1652 spouting well1776 petroleum well1801 rock well1830 oil well1859 spouter1865 gusher1876 test well1877 wild cat1877 wildcat well1883 roarera1885 oiler1890 discovery1900 edge well1904 wild well1915 offset well1922 stripper1930 offset1933 production well1934 outstep1947 step-out well1948 1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Misc. Tracts 315 An Account of the Petroleum Wells, in the Burmah Dominions. 1877 J. F. Rusling Great West & Pacific Coast 325 The petroleum wells near there, as yet, had produced but little. 1948 Times 8 Oct. 3/3 Seven persons have died from burns received when a petroleum well..caught fire. 1987 Science 20 Nov. 1107/1 These data are from depths of 1 to 4 km, the depth range of petroleum wells in the region. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). petroleumv. Brit. /pᵻˈtrəʊlɪəm/, U.S. /pəˈtroʊliəm/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: petroleum n. Etymology: < petroleum n. rare. transitive. To treat with petroleum. ΚΠ 1916 Sir V. Horsley in S. Paget Life (1919) 323 This place..consists of Arab mud-houses, in one of which I have a room: which has been remudded and petroleumed, so it is very comfortable. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.eOEv.1916
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petroleumn.

Compounds

petroleumv.