| 释义 |
perseverev. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French parseverer, perseverer. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman parseverer, parceverer, perseverer and Middle French perseverer (also in Old French as parsevrer , passevrer , persevrer ; French persévérer ) to continue, last (first half of the 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), to continue steadfastly in a purpose (c1150 in Anglo-Norman), to continue in a state of virtue (1342) < classical Latin persevērāre to continue steadfastly, persist, to continue on one's path, press on, to continue, last < per- per- prefix + sevērus severe adj.; compare persevērus very strict. Compare Old Occitan, Occitan perseverar (early 13th cent.), Catalan perseverar (13th cent.), Spanish perseverar (mid 13th cent.), Portuguese perseverar (13th cent. as pesseverar), Italian perseverare (first half of the 13th cent.).The usual English pronunciation, down to the middle of the 17th cent. or later, was with stress on the second syllable (now archaic). The pronunciation with stress on the third syllable (now the usual pronunciation) appears to have been used from an early period by Scottish writers (it is well attested by metre and rhyme from 1375 onwards, although the pronunciation with stress on the second syllable is also attested), and isolated examples appear in English writers up to 1600 (compare quot. 1588 at sense 1aα. ). Shakespeare used only perˈsever; Quarles (1624) used both forms in the same poem; Milton always perseˈvēre, which became universal by c1680. So also the derivatives perˈseverance, perseˈverance, etc. The two forms arise from the shifting stress in French (compare persévéˈrer and perséˈvère) and Latin (compare persevēˈrāre and perseˈvērat). Milton's use was doubtless determined by Latin quantity. The organization of forms into α and β groups should not be taken as matching exactly this divergence in pronunciation: all forms ending in -ere have been assigned to the α group irrespective of the fact that in Middle English and early modern English (but not in Older Scots) many of these were apparently pronounced with stress on the second syllable; metrical evidence suggests that this was the usual pronunciation for Chaucer and Lydgate. 1. the mind > will > decision > perseverance or persistence > persevere or persist [verb (intransitive)] the mind > language > statement > insistence or persistence > insist or persist [verb (intransitive)] the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > lasting quality, permanence > be permanent [verb (intransitive)] > remain, continue > in specified state α. c1380 [implied in: G. Chaucer 117 Right so was faire Cecilie..Ful swift and bisy euere in good werkynge And round and hool in good perseuerynge [v.r. perseueryng]. (at persevering n.)]. c1390 G. Chaucer 2454 The prouerbe seith that for to do synne is mannyssh, but certes for to perseuere [v.rr. perseueren; don perseueraunce] longe in synne is werk of the deuel. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville (Vitell.) 1931 (MED) They most..to-gydre ay perseuere, Tyl that deth make hem dysseuere. c1480 (a1400) St. Justina 256 in W. M. Metcalfe (1896) II. 159 Bot cypriane..but were in his foly cane perseuere. a1500 (1870) 1564 He thinkith no worschip to conquere Nore in the weris more to persyuere. 1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen 82 He techit thayme..quhow thay suld persiueir and be constant in prayer. a1586 J. Rowll Cursing l. 88 in W. A. Craigie (1919) I. 164 And thay daylie still perseveir [rhyme freir]. 1588 J. Aske 18 [They] said so many Mattins to their gods, (Their wodden gods,) as that they fell asleepe, And so left off to perseuere in prayers. 1608 W. Shakespeare xii. 22 I will perseuere in my course of loyaltie. View more context for this quotation 1624 F. Quarles Medit. xv The Iust and Constant mind, that perseueres..neuer fears. 1667 J. Milton vii. 632 Thrice happie if they know Thir happiness, and persevere upright. View more context for this quotation 1755 T. Smollett tr. M. de Cervantes II. iv. viii. 387 I persevere in this career, maugre and in despite of my own understanding. a1781 R. Watson (1783) iv. 298 If the Morescoes should persevere in their present resolution. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth x, in 2nd Ser. I. 255 Your Grace is best judge whether they have been long enough persevered in. 1856 J. A. Froude I. ii. 140 He was determined to persevere at all costs. 1937 Oct. 190/1 H.M.V. are wisely persevering with their policy of announcing in advance which records they intend to delete from the Connoisseur's catalogue. 1956 S. Beckett (1959) ii. 69 Let us persevere in what we have resolved before we forget. 2002 4 Apr. ii. 9/1 The patient may not persevere with treatment long enough to give the effective modern drugs which are available time to act. the world > action or operation > continuing > continue doing or keep going in a course of action [verb (intransitive)] c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) 878/82 (MED) For my part to þe..Þat gyf I hool..Ay to perseuere..With wil & þouȝt for þin estate to preie. 1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. xliv. xi Why to hid thy face persever? 1614 T. Lodge tr. Seneca Of Benefits in tr. Seneca 131 Let Fortune persever to be so equally favourable unto him. a1667 G. Wither Prosopopoeia Britannica in (1872–7) iv. 8 How long! shall men persever to delight In cursed words, and actions of despight? 1700 R. Blackmore xxxvi. 155 But if they persevere to disobey, God shall the unrelenting Rebels slay. 1745 E. Haywood No. 13 (1748) III. 28 What the duty of a wife bound me to while living, I persevere to observe in death. 1796 M. Robinson II. 209 Persevere to cultivate her friendship. a1848 E. Brontë (1992) 22 Why I have persevered to shun The common paths that others run? 1887 T. Hardy III. x. 208 ‘My daughter, things are bad’, he rejoined. ‘But why do you persevere to make 'em worse?’ 1974 G. Greenwood viii. 395 Hughes had persevered to make the Australian public aware of what he considered to be the menace of the densely populated nations to the north. 2000 T. Fischer vi. 45 The energy he invested..and his willingness to persevere to open markets in Asia were a testimony..to the new realities of the post-Cold War trading world. the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > lasting quality, permanence > be permanent [verb (intransitive)] > remain, continue c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) i. 2644 To perseuere to myn endyng day Ȝour trew spouse..I haue said and sworne. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) v. 2686 (MED) Atastus..gaf commaundement Þat all his liges..to Pirrus to be sworn..To perseuere his trew liges alle Durynge her lyf. a1513 H. Bradshaw (1521) i.xxviii. sig. k.iv Who so perceuers, in herte and mynde true. ?1566–7 G. Buchanan Opinion Reformation Univ. St. Andros in (1892) 11 In thys college nayne sal persever regent in humanite abuve the space of vij or viij ȝeir. c1600 J. Donne ii. 61 Had she persever'd just, there would have bin Some that would sinne, misthinking she did sinne. 1653 Propos. agreed by Ministers of Worcester in R. Baxter sig. B3 If he persevere impenitent. society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] ?1521 A. Barclay sig. Cvj Who doth perseuer, and to this toure attayne Shall haue great pleasure, to se the byding olde. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie (1888) I. 37 I wil begin at the west cost of Lorne, quhair I left offe, and thairfra Northerlie wil perseueir, vpon the Sey coste. 1691 T. Beverley 7 Above all I persevere, that within the Six next Summers, viz. in 97, the Kingdom of Christ shall be in its Succession. 1818 M. Pinckney iv. 144 In close confinement, slow he wastes his days; Yet perseveres that he is innocent. 1859 J. Lang 328 ‘Ah! And crime—much crime!’ his lordship persevered. 1950 H. Pearson xvi. 86 ‘But when you get to heaven,’ she persevered, ‘which of your activities do you think God will give you most marks for?’ 1978 9 Nov. 615/2 ‘What about full frontals?’ George persevered. 1991 K. Stanton in H. Bloom 147 But even this is not enough; Biff perseveres that Willy is ‘going to hear the truth—what you are and what I am!’ 2. the world > time > duration > have duration [verb (intransitive)] > endure, remain, persist, or continue c1390 G. Chaucer 497 Woodnesse yfallen in a shrewe Perseuereth lenger than dooth dronkenesse. ?a1425 f. 123v (MED) And þe akkeþ perseuer, wiþ outen doute þe pacient schal be dede. c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate (1901) 4386 (MED) Thilke fruyt..Perseuereth ay in hys beaute. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart I. 714 Wherby the good love and affectyon that hath bene bytwene you & the Comons of Flaunders shulde perceyver. 1562 T. Sternhold et al. cxix. xii. 314 Euen to thys day we may well see, How all thynges perseuer: According to thy ordinance. 1612 P. Pomarius (new ed.) ii. 37 The fourth day, if the disease doe as yet perseuer. 1633 G. Herbert 10 Light, joy, and leisure; but shall they persever? Echo, Ever. 1696 W. Whiston i. 1 All Bodies will persevere for ever in that state..in which they once are. a1711 T. Ken Hymnotheo vi, in (1721) III. 172 Love which with God's high Will concentrick steers, With God co-everlasting perseveres. 1793 J. P. Kemble iv. vi. 40 Say, thou art mine; and ever My love shall persevere, as it begins. a1820 J. Woodhouse Life Crispinus Scriblerus vi, in (1896) I. 117 Matter, mov'd, must ever persevere, Beyond creation's bound, or time's extent. 1871 J. C. Maxwell iv. 86 Men of science understood by this term [sc. the inertia of matter] the tendency of the body to persevere in its state of motion. 1928 A. A. Roback (ed. 2) ii. xiv. 246 Every nervous process arousing an idea in the mind perseveres, after its proper function has been fulfilled in bringing about a mental content, for some time as an after-function. 1997 F. Ruf 103 This forcefulness of sound certainly perseveres beyond infancy. a1439 J. Lydgate (Bodl. 263) ii. 36 (MED) Who folweth vertu lengest doth perseuere, Be it in richesse, be it in pouerte. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine 261/1 Luke recordeth in his wrytynges sayeng that all they were by one courage perseueryng with the Vyrgyne Marye. a1525 Crying ane Playe 130 in W. A. Craigie (1925) II. 153 Quharfor' In scotland come I heire With ȝow to byde and perseveire. 1532 (?a1405) J. Lydgate (1934) ii. 415 For euer to perseuer There she is sette. 1582 L. Bryskett (1927) 37 Your honor will..persever in your wonted good oppinion. 1655 Ld. Orrery II. i. vi. 167 'Twas my ignorance made my offence and..I persevere not willingly in the former, to continue the latter. 1784 I. 74 I would not..that my children should persevere in infantine ignorance till, quite grown up, they find themselves [etc.]. society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > grace > exhibit grace [verb (intransitive)] > continue in state of grace ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena (Harl.) (1966) 124 Ȝe schulden perseuere and dure, til ȝe come to me þat schal ȝeue ȝou watir of liifly grace. a1450 (c1435) J. Lydgate Life SS. Edmund & Fremund (Harl.) 416 in C. Horstmann (1881) 2nd Ser. 384 (MED) Such grace he doth hem sende, So to preserue [v.r. perseuere] onto his lyues eende. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 36 (MED) Wolde god I wiste þat I shulde perseuere. 1582 Matt. x. 22 He that shal perseuere unto the end, he shal be saued. 1633 P. Fletcher Elisa 114 in If they live in grace, grow, and persever, There shall they live with me: els shall they see me never. 1704 R. Allen II. 489 God's eternal purpose of finally saving those whom he foresaw would persevere in a faithful use of the grace bestow'd on 'em. 1751 J. Wesley (1872) X. 291 This does not prove that every believer shall persevere. 1800 S. Medley 308 That you may thro' grace still persevere. 1844 Jan. 166/1 ‘But you have not persevered in grace’, the Bishop tells him. 1869 A. Hodge 319 Those elected to salvation through grace must persevere in grace unto salvation. 1975 48 290 He must, to be sure, persevere in grace; the doctrine of perseverance (as well as that of assurance) is also an issue. 2000 (Nexis) 21 July b2 Comforted by your aid, may I persevere in the grace of God until my last breath. the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > maintaining state or condition > maintain [verb (transitive)] 1502 tr. (de Worde) iii. iii. sig. p.iiii v Obstynates & perseuerynge theyr malyce. a1535 T. More (1553) i. xvi. sig. D.iiiv Yt the fauor of god perseuered him. 1655 W. Gurnall 378 Such want a principle of divine life to draw strength from Christ to persevere them in their course. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  v.c1380 |
